Received: 26 Dec 2019
Revised: 19 May 2020
Accepted: 24 May 2020
Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding
Research Article
Assessment of genetic relationship among diverse Indian
mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes using XLSTAT
Vivek K Singh, Ram Avtar, Mahavir, Nisha Kumari, Manjeet, Rohit Kumar
and Vineeta Rathore
Oilseeds Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
*E-Mail: mahaveer.bishnoi@gmail.com
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the genetic relationship between eleven quantitative traits of 95 Indian mustard
(Brassica juncea L.) genotypes. The experiment material was evaluated in paired rows of 4 m length at Research
Area of Oilseeds Section, Department of Genetics and plant breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during Rabi, 2017-18. All the
recommended package of practices was followed to raise the healthy crop. Maximum variation was observed for seed
yield per plant followed by the number of secondary branches per plant, the number of primary branches per plant,
1000-seed weight and the number of siliqua on main shoot. Correlation studies revealed that seed yield per plant was
positively and significantly associated with plant height, the number of primary and secondary branches per plant, and
the number of siliqua on main shoot length. Selection based on these traits would ultimately improve seed yield. Four
ideal genotypes viz., DRMRIJ-14-261, DRMRIJ-15-52, DRMRIJ-15-148 and M 5 were identified for the traits such as
medium maturity, the number of primary branches per plant, the number of seeds per siliqua and 1000-seed weight in
this study. These genotypes can be used as source lines in breeding programme for obtaining desirable segregates.
Keywords
Descriptive statistics, genetic relationship and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
INTRoducTIoN
Brassica juncea (L.) commonly known as ‘Indian mustard’,
is a natural amphidiploid (2n = 36) and one of the most
important oilseed crops of the country. It occupies
considerably large area among the Brassica group of
oilseeds crop. It is grown both in tropical and subtropical
countries. In India, it is predominantly cultivated in
Rajasthan, U.P., M.P., Haryana, Gujarat, West Bengal,
Assam and Bihar states. The yield of rapeseed-mustard
was 1176 kg/ha as compared to 955 kg/ha of the total
oilseeds (Singh, 2014). It contributes more than 80% to
the total rapeseed-mustard production in the country and
is an important component in the oilseed sector (Vinu et
al., 2013).
In India per capita consumption of edible oil is likely to
reach 23- 43 kg by 2030 from the present level of 13.4 kg
(Singh, 2014; Ram Avtar et al., 2016). This gap is increasing
day by day as the breeding methodologies for Indian
https://doi.org/10.37992/2020.1102.109
mustard improvement remained confined to selection
and recombination followed by selection (Mekonnen et
al., 2014). To meet out the present yield requirements,
there is an urgent need to increase the yield potential of
B. juncea. The yield is complex in nature and depends
on many other morphological characteristics, most of
which are inherited quantitatively and highly affected
by the environment, so direct selection for yield alone
restricts the selection efficiency and eventually results
in minimal success in improving it. So, it is important
to determine the contribution of each trait in order to
give more importance to those with the greatest effect
on the seed yield (Tuncturk and Ciftci, 2007). The Yield
component characters demonstrate the relation between
themselves and also with the yield. Many research groups
have indicated a positive and highly significant correlation
between silique per plant and yield per plant; seed yield
with plant height, branches and silique per plant (Tuncturk
Vol 11(2):674-680
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Assessment of genetic relationship among diverse
and Ciftci, 2007; Sandhu and Gupta, 1996). Thus, the
study of correlation between yield and its components is
of primary importance in formulating the selection criteria
under the crop improvement (Sarawgi et al., 1997). The
selection of any desirable trait is usually preformed on
the basis of the plant’s phenotypic importance that in turn
determined partially by the genotype. This is inherited and
partially non heritable by the environment. It is therefore
necessary to know the different components of the yield
and its mutual correlation with other independent traits.
This is because, if it is based on some components that
are less sensitive to the environment, selection would be
more efficient. The present study was therefore conducted
to assess the association analysis for yield contributing
traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.).
MATERIALS ANd METhodS
To undertake the study on association between seed
yield and its contributing traits in Indian mustard, all 95
genotypes of Indian mustard were grown in paired rows
of 4 m length with a spacing of 30 x 10 cm (row × plant)
at Research Area of Oilseeds Section, Department of
Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar during
Rabi, 2017-18. Appendix-I include an overview of the
genotypes. All the recommended package of practices
was followed to raise the healthy crop. Observations were
recorded on five random and competitive plants for eleven
quantitative traits viz; days to maturity, plant height (cm),
the number of primary branches per plant, the number of
secondary branches per plant, the number of siliqua on
main shoot, main shoot length (cm), siliqua length (cm),
the number of seeds per siliqua, seed yield per plant (g),
1000-seed weight (g) and oil content (%). Data on days
to maturity was recorded on plot basis. Number of seeds
per siliqua was estimated on 10-15 siliquae plucked from
main shoot of each of five plants. One thousand seeds
were counted from random bulk of each genotype and
weighed. The oil content of seeds was determined by the
method of AOAC (1995). Statistical analyses have been
done with the help of XLSTAT software v5.03 (2014).
RESuLTS ANd dIScuSSIoN
Descriptive statistical analysis offered detailed explanations
of the data set under study in a manageable form, which
showed the basic characteristics of all the traits studied.
Mean, range and coefficient of variation for all the 11 traits
are presented in Table 1. Wide range of variation was
observed for most of the traits like seed yield per plant
(CV=36.68 %), secondary branches per plant (CV=27.21
%), primary branches per plant (CV=22.62 %), 1000-seed
weight (CV=22.34 %) and the number of siliqua on main
shoot (CV=21.12 %). Thus, it indicates ample scope for
further improvement through simple selection for different
quantitative traits for mustard improvement. The variability
Table 1. Mean, range and coefficient of variation (CV %) for 11 different traits in Indian mustard
Characters
Days to maturity
Plant height (cm)
Number of primary branches
Number of secondary branches
Number of siliqua on main shoot
Main shoot length (cm)
Siliqua length (cm)
Seeds per siliqua
Seed yield (g)
1000-seed weight (g)
Oil content (%)
Minimum
134.00
154.30
3.30
6.00
25.60
48.60
2.40
8.20
5.00
1.82
37.80
Maximum
141.00
264.30
9.60
23.00
84.60
105.60
5.00
18.10
38.67
5.84
40.70
for days to maturity was very low, it ranged from 134 to
141 days with an average of 138.07 days. Pusa Agrani,
RC-38 and NPJ-112 were the early maturing genotypes
(≤135days). Plant height ranged from 154.3 cm to 264.3
cm with an average value of 208.91 cm. Low plant height
is desirable in mustard due to ease in agronomic practices
hence genotypes Pusa Agrani, NPJ-112, MST II 14-2 and
EC 27-4 may be used as donor for this trait. Number
of primary branches per plant varied from 3.30 to 9.60
with an average of 5.56 while, the number of secondary
branches per plant ranged from 6.0 to 23.0 with an
average value of 12.91. The genotypes viz; Pusa Kishan,
DRMRIJ-14-272 and M-53-B can be used as source lines
for both traits i.e. the primary branches per plant as well
as the secondary branches per plant. Main shoot length
is considered as the most important fruiting zone in B.
https://doi.org/10.37992/2020.1102.109
Mean
138.07
208.91
5.56
12.91
50.77
79.74
3.61
12.99
16.42
3.89
38.84
CV (%)
1.00
10.32
22.62
27.21
21.12
15.56
14.30
13.52
36.68
22.34
1.71
juncea. Hence, its length and the number of siliqua on
main shoot are desirable traits for increasing seed yield. In
the present study, main shoot length varied from 48.60 to
105.60 cm, while number of siliqua on main shoot ranged
from 25.60 to 84.60. Six genotypes viz. M 16, DRMRIJ15-104, RC-14, M-53-B, RC-106 and YS-7 had more than
100 cm long main shoot; however, the genotypes bearing
maximum number of siliqua (>70) on main shoot were
DRMRIJ-14-139, RC-15, DRMRIJ-15-104, M 16 and EC29-2. Number of seeds per siliqua ranged from 8.20 to
18.10. The variability for seed yield per plant was very
high; it varied from 5.00 g to 38.67 g with an average of
16.42 g. Seven genotypes viz., RC-273, DRMRIJ-15-85,
RC-53, M 16, YS-7, M 75 and RC-275 had more 26.00
g seed yield per plant, on other hand 12 genotypes had
1000-seed weight more than 5.00 g. Such results are
675
EJPB
Vivek K Singh et al.,
in concurrence with the results of Singh et al., 2013.
None of the genotypes was found to be most promising
collectively for all the quantitative traits. However, some
genotypes could be identified as promising for different
traits (Table 2). Based upon multiple trait superiority, four
ideal genotypes identified in this study were DRMRIJ-14261 (136 days maturity, 17 seeds/ siliqua, 5.42 g 1000seed weight), DRMRIJ-15-52 (166 cm plant height, 16
seeds/siliqua, 40.40 % oil content), DRMRIJ-15-148 (5
cm siliqua length, 15 seeds/ siliqua, 5.50 g 1000-seed
weight) and M 5 (8 primary branches, 25 g seed yield, 40
% oil content).
Pearson correlation coefficients showing pair-wise
associations between the studied characters of Indian
mustard genotypes as presented in Table 3.
Table 2. List of promising genotypes of Indian mustard for different traits
characters
Days to maturity
(≤136 days)
No. of
Name of genotypes
genotypes
12
Pusa Agrani, RC-38, NPJ-112, RC-51, DRMRIJ-14-30, DRMRIJ-14-261,
RC-106, RC-18, Pusa Barani, DRMRIJ-15-251, Pusa Tarak and M 47 B
line
Plant height (<176 cm)
10
Pusa Agrani, NPJ-112, MST II 14-2, EC 27-4, DRMRIJ-15-52, EC-27-2,
Pusa Tarak, M 62, EJ-17 and Pusa Vijay
Number of primary branches
(>8)
Number of secondary
branches (>19)
Number of siliqua on main
shoot (>70)
Main shoot length
(>100 cm)
Siliqua length
(≥5.0 cm)
Seeds per siliqua (>15)
6
M 20, Pusa Kishan, DRMRIJ-14-272, M-53-B line, M 5 and M 75
7
5
M-53-B, DRMRIJ-15-109, M 74, DRMRIJ-14-272, DRMRIJ-15-95, Pusa
Kishan and RC-273
DRMRIJ-14-139, RC-15, DRMRIJ-15-104, M 16 and EC-29-2
6
M 16, DRMRIJ-15-104, RC-14, M-53-B line, RC-106 and YS-7
3
SEJ-8, NPJ-161 and DRMRIJ-15-148
12
LES-39, DRMRIJ-14-261, EC 61-36-1, EC 27-4, RC-18, DRMRIJ-1503, DRMRIJ-15-52, EC 62-1, DRMRIJ-15-123, RC-14, DRMRIJ-15148 and M 84
Seed yield (>24.0 g)
9
RC-273, DRMRIJ-15-85, RC-53, M 16, YS-7, M 75, RC-275, M 5 and
Pusa Vijay
1000-seed weight (>5.0 g)
12
DRMRIJ-14-278, Pusa Vijay, DRMRIJ-15-148, EJ-17, DRMRIJ-14261, DRMRIJ-15-85, RC-110, DRMRIJ-15-95, DRMRIJ-14-30, M 84,
DRMRIJ-14-139 and DRMRIJ-14-137
Oil content (>40.0 %)
9
RC-51, DRMRIJ-15-123, M 34, RC-275, M 61, EC 62-1, DRMRIJ-1552, DRMRIJ-14-66 and M 5
Table 3. Estimation of Pearson correlation coefficient (above diagonal) and p values (bellow diagonal) among
different quantitative traits of Indian mustard
Characters
DM
PH
PBr
SBr
SqMS
MSL
SqL
S/Sq
SY
TW
OC
DM
0.460** 0.062
-0.020 0.257* -0.082 -0.179 -0.186 -0.030 -0.191 0.086
PH
< 0.001
0.321** 0.131 0.505** 0.050 -0.235* -0.237* 0.269** -0.205* 0.130
PBr
0.548
0.002
0.631** 0.077 -0.230* -0.177 -0.223* 0.371** -0.046 -0.173
SBr
0.847
0.205 < 0.001
0.051
-0.103 -0.217* -0.050 0.533** -0.120 -0.172
SqMS
0.012 < 0.001 0.458
0.623
0.575** -0.260* -0.171 0.206* -0.101 0.064
MSL
0.430
0.629
0.025
0.319 < 0.001
0.12
0.192
0.105
0.219* 0.007
SqL
0.083
0.022
0.086
0.035
0.011
0.245
0.335** 0.023 0.415** -0.004
S/Sq
0.072
0.021
0.029
0.633
0.097
0.062
0.001
0.006
-0.174 0.025
SY
0.775
0.008
0.000 < 0.001 0.046
0.313
0.826
0.956
0.175 0.025
TW
0.064
0.046
0.656
0.246
0.331
0.033 < 0.001 0.091
0.089
-0.077
OC
0.407
0.209
0.094
0.095
0.539
0.948
0.971
0.814
0.810
0.457
Note: DM = Days to maturity, PH = Plant height (cm), PBr = Number of Primary branches per plant, SBr = Number of
secondary branches per plant, SqMS = Number of siliqua on main shoot, MSL = Main shoot length (cm), SqL = Siliqua
length (cm), S/Sq = Seeds per siliqua, SY = Seed yield (g), TW = 1000-seed weight (g) and OC = Oil content (%)
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Vivek K Singh et al.,
Seed yield per plant was highly significant and positively
associated with plant height (r=0.296, p=0.008), primary
branches per plant (r=0.371, p=0.000), secondary branches
per plant (r=0.533, p<0.001) and the number of siliqua on
main shoot (r=0.206, p=0.046). The association between
these characters with seed yield per plant is presented in
Fig. 1. Generally, the positive associations among these
traits suggest the prospect of improving these important
yield-attributing characters concurrently. The present
study is supported by the previous work done by Akbar
et al., 2003; Hasan et al., 2014; Shekhawat et al., 2014;
Banerjee et al., 2017 and Rout et al., 2018 who indicated
a positive relationship of different intensity between seed
yield per plant and other seed yield related traits. Singh
et al. (2003) and Lodhi et al. (2014) also observed such
positive association of seed yield with siliqua on main
shot and plant height. The traits like main shoot length,
siliqua length, the number of seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed
weight and oil content had a non-significant and positive
association with seed yield per plant.
A
B
C
D
Fig. 1. Graphical representation of correlation between seed yield with plant height (A), primary branches per
Figure
1:(B),
Graphical
representation
of correlation
between
seed
yieldshoot
with(d).
plant height
plant
secondary
branches per plant
c) and number
of siliqua
on main
(A), primary branches per plant (B), secondary branches per plant C) 677
and
https://doi.org/10.37992/2020.1102.109
number of siliqua on main shoot (D).
EJPB
Vivek K Singh et al.,
Appendix-I. List of 95 germplasm accessions of Indian mustard used in present study
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Genotypes
DRMRIJ-14-23
DRMRIJ-14-30
DRMRIJ-14-65
DRMRIJ-14-66
DRMRIJ-14-99
DRMRIJ-14-137
DRMRIJ-14-139
DRMRIJ-14-261
DRMRIJ-14-272
DRMRIJ-14-278
DRMRIJ-15-03
DRMRIJ-15-52
DRMRIJ-15-85
DRMRIJ-15-95
DRMRIJ-15-104
DRMRIJ-15-108
DRMRIJ-15-109
DRMRIJ-15-123
DRMRIJ-15-133
DRMRIJ-15-143
DRMRIJ-15-148
DRMRIJ-15-150
DRMRIJ-15-251
EC 28
EC 27-2
EC 27-4
EC 29-2
EC 61-36-1
EC 62-1
EJ-17
LES-1-27
LES-39
Sr. No.
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Genotypes
LES-43
LET-17
M5
M 13
M 16
M 20
M 22
M 27
M 28
M 34
M 37
M 47 B line
M 49
M 61
M 62
M 65
M 67
M 74
M 75
M 78
M 80
M 81
M 82
M 84
M 23-B line
M 53-B line
MST II 14-2
NPJ-112
NPJ-139
NPJ-161
Pusa Agrani
Pusa Barani
Days to maturity exhibited highly significant and positive
correlation with plant height (r=0.460, p<0.001) and
the number of siliqua on main shoot length (r=0.257,
p=0.012), while it showed non-significant correlation with
other characters. Such results are in concurrence with the
results of Roy et al., 2015; Vermai et al., 2016; Banerjee
et al., 2017 and Rout et al., 2018. They found positive
association of days to maturity with morpho-physiological
and seed yield related traits. Plant height showed a highly
significant and positive correlation with primary branches
per plant (r=0.321, p=0.002), the number of siliqua on main
shoot length (r=0.505, p<0.001) and seed yield per plant
(r= 0.269, p=0.008) whereas, it was negatively associated
with siliqua length (r= -0.235, p=0.022), the number of
seeds per siliqua (r= -0.237, p=0.021) and 1000-seed
weight (r= -0.205, p=0.046). Number of primary branches
per plant had a positive and significant association with
the number of secondary branches per plant (r=0.631,
p<0.001) and seed yield per plant (r=0.371, p=0.000).
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Sr. No.
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
Genotypes
Pusa Jagannath
Pusa Kishan
Pusa Tarak
Pusa Vijay
RC-8
RC-12
RC-14
RC-15
RC-18
RC-20
RC-25
RC-38
RC-46
RC-47
RC-51
RC-53
RC-81
RC-106
RC-107
RC-110
RC-111
RC-112
RC-116
RC-142
RC-162
RC-175
RC-273
RC-275
SEJ-8
TN-3
YS-7
On the other hand it was negatively associated with main
shoot length (r= -0.230, p=0.025) and the number of
seeds per siliqua (r= -0.223, p=0.029). Such results are
in concurrence with those obtained by Lodhi et al., 2014;
Banerjee et al., 2017 and Rout et al., 2018.
Number of secondary branches per plant exhibited
significant and negative association with siliqua length (r=
-0.260, p=0.035) and positive association with seed yield
per plant (r=0.533, p<0.001). Supporting to our study,
Ramanjaneyulu and Giri (2007) reported significant positive
association between secondary branches per plant and
seed yield in Indian mustard, which was supported later
by Lodhi et al. (2014) and Banerjee et al. (2017). Number
of siliqua on main shoot had a positive and significant
correlation with main shoot length (r=0.575, p<0.001),
seed yield per plant (r=0.206, p=0.046) and the negative
association with siliqua length (r= -260, p=0.011). Similar
results were also reported by Rout et al., 2018. Generally,
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EJPB
the positive association between the number of siliqua per
plant and seed yield was reported in plenty of publications
in Indian mustard (Akbar et al., 2003; Hasan et al., 2014;
Shekhawat et al., 2014). Significant positive correlation
was observed between main shoot length and 1000seed weight (r=0.219, p=0.033). Siliqua length showed
a significant and positive correlation with the number
of seeds per siliqua (r=0.335, p=0.001) and 1000-seed
weight also (r=0.415, p<0.001). Thus, it can be inferred
that by improving these traits through selection either
alone or in combination, will result in improvement of seed
yield in mustard. Similar results were also reported by Roy
et al., 2015; Vermai et al., 2016; Rout et al., 2018.
From the above discussion, it may be concluded
that differential association was observed among the
component characters. The presence of significant and
positive association of seed yield with characters plant
height, primary branches per plant, secondary branches
per plant and the number of siliqua on main shoot length,
revealed that the selection based on these traits would
ultimately improve seed yield. It is also suggested that
hybridization of genotypes possessing combination of
above characters is most useful for obtaining desirable
high yielding segregates. Four ideal genotypes were
identified in present study which was DRMRIJ-14-261,
DRMRIJ-15-52, DRMRIJ-15-148 and M 5.
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