‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬و ‪Nothotylenchus Thorne,‬‬ ‫*‬ ‫‪ (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae) 1941‬در اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﮐﺒﺮي ﻫﺎﺷﻤﯽ‪ ،1‬اﮐﺒﺮ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮ ﺑﯿﺪه‪ **1‬و اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ ﭘﻮرﺟﻢ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫)ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪1396/2/10 :‬؛ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‪(1396/4/14 :‬‬ ‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬و ‪ Nothotylenchus Thorne, 1941‬ﻃـﯽ ﺳـﺎلﻫـﺎي ‪ 1392‬ﺗـﺎ ‪1395‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 341‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﺧﺎك از ﻣﺰارع‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻏﺎت و ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻓﺎرس‪ ،‬ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷـﻬﺮ و ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔـﺎن‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ‪32‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران‪ ،‬ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺪان‪ ،‬ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن و اﯾﻼم ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ از اﺳـﺘﺨﺮاج‪ ،‬ﮐﺸـﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺜﺒﯿـﺖ و اﻧﺘﻘـﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﯿﺴﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ ﻧﻮري ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ دورﺑﯿﻦ دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎل و ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس وﯾﮋﮔـﯽﻫـﺎي رﯾﺨـﺖﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و‬ ‫رﯾﺨﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎ در ‪ 54/7‬درﺻﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ‪ 12‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ از ﺟـﻨﺲ‬ ‫‪ Ditylenchus‬و ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Nothotylenchus‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ‪ D. myceliophagus‬و ‪ D. medicaginis‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑـﺎ ‪ 38/8‬و‬ ‫‪ 35/1‬درﺻﺪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. geraerti‬ﺑﺎ ‪ %60‬داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. geraerti ،N. basiri‬و ‪ D. solani‬ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﯾـﺮان‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ آن ﺷﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻠﯽ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎي ‪ N. adasi‬و ‪ N. medians‬و ﮐﻠﯿـﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي ‪ Ditylenchus‬و ‪ Nothotylenchus‬در اﯾﺮان اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪواژه‪ :‬ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﺰارش ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪Ditylenchus solani ،Ditylenchus geraerti ،Nothotylenchus basiri‬‬ ‫* ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎنﻧﺎﻣﻪ دﮐﺘﺮي ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه اول‪ ،‬اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﯿﺮاز‪.‬‬ ‫** ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﺎت‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ‪karegar@shirazu.ac.ir :‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ و اﺳﺘﺎد ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﮔﯿﺎهﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﯿﺮاز‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬اﺳﺘﺎد ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس‪.‬‬ ... Nothotylenchus Thorne, ‫ ﻭ‬Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 ‫ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ‬:‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ Some species of the genera Ditylenhus Filipjev 1936 and Nothotylenchus Thorne 1941 (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae) from Iran* K. Hashemi1, A. Karegar1**, and E. Pourjam2 (Received: 20.4.2017; Accepted: 5.7.2017) Abstract For identification of nematode species of the genera Ditylenchus and Nothotylenchus, 341 plant and soil samples from farms, orchards and pastures of Fars, Kohgiluye and Boyer-Ahmad, Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces, and 32 samples from Mazandaran, Golestan, Hamadan, Lorestan and Ilam provinces were collected, during 2013-2016. After extraction, killing and fixing, the extracted nematodes were transfered to anhydrous glycerol. Species identification was done using light microscope equipped with digital camera, based on morphometric and morphological characters. The results showed that the genera were existed in 54.7% of the samples. In this study, 12 species of Ditylenchus and five species of Nothotylenchus were identified. D. myceliophagus and D. medicaginis with 38.8% and 38.1% frequency, respectively, and N. geraerti with 60% frequency were the most common species. The species N. basiri, D. geraert and D. solani are new records and were described for the first time from Iran. Moreover, descriptions of N. adasi and N. medians, and the identification key for the Iranian species of the genera Ditylenchus and Nothotylenchus were provided. Keywords: taxonomy, new record, Nothotylenchus basiri, Ditylenchus geraerti, Ditylencus solani * A Part of Ph.D. Thesis of The First Author Submitted to School of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran. **Corresponding author’s E-mail: karegar@shirazu.ac.ir 1. Ph.D. Student and Prof. of Plant Pathol., School of Agric., Shiraz Univ., Shiraz, Iran. 2. Prof. of Plant Pathol.,College of Agric., Tarbiat Modares Univ., Tehran, Iran. 304 304 ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Nothotylenchus Thorne, 1941‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﯾﯽ را‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي‬ ‫راﯾﺞ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ‪ (Siddiqi 2000) 57‬ﯾﺎ ﺑـﯿﺶ از ‪60‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي آن ذﮐﺮ ﮐـﺮدهاﻧـﺪ )‪.(Duncan & Moens 2013‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ اﮐﺜﺮاً ﻗﺎرچﺧﻮار و ﺗﻌـﺪاد اﻧـﺪﮐـﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ‬ ‫اﻧﮕﻞ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﺧﺴﺎرتزا ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي اﻧﮕـﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت داﺧﻠـﯽ در ﺑﺨـﺶﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﯾﺎ در اﺳﺘﻮﻟﻮن‪ ،‬ﻏﺪه و رﯾﺰوم زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻣــﺎ ‪ D. angustus (Butler, 1913) Filipjev, 1936‬ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت ﺳﻄﺤﯽ از ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣـﯽﮐﻨـﺪ ) & ‪Sturhan‬‬ ‫‪ .(Brzeski 1991‬در ﺑ ـﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي اﻧﮕــﻞ ﮔﯿ ـﺎﻫﯽ‪D. ،‬‬ ‫‪) angustus‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ‪ ufra‬ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮﻧﺞ(‪D. dipsaci ،‬‬ ‫‪) (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936‬ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮد ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﭘﯿـﺎز(‪D. ،‬‬ ‫‪1945‬‬ ‫‪Thorne,‬‬ ‫‪) destructor‬ﻧﻤــــﺎﺗﻮد ﭘﻮﺳــــﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ(‪) D. myceliophagus Goodey, 1958 ،‬ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺴــﺎرت ﺑــﻪ رﯾﺴــﻪﻫــﺎي ﻗــﺎرچ ﺧــﻮراﮐﯽ ‪Agaricus‬‬ ‫‪D. africanus Wendt, Swart, Vrain & ،(bisporus‬‬ ‫‪) Webster, 1995‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺎدام زﻣﯿﻨـﯽ(‪D. ،‬‬ ‫‪weischeri Chizhov, Borisov & Subbotin, 2010‬‬ ‫)ﻧﻤـﺎﺗﻮد ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺧﺎرﻟﺘـﻪ(‪D. gigas Vovlas, Troccoli, ،‬‬ ‫‪Palomares-Rius, De Luca, Liébanas, Landa,‬‬ ‫‪) Subbotin & Castillo, 2011‬ﻧﻤـﺎﺗﻮد ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺑـﺎﻗﻼ(‪D. ،‬‬ ‫‪gallaeformans Oliveira, Santin, Seni, Dietrich,‬‬ ‫& ‪Salazar, Subbotin, Mundo-Ocampo, Goldenberg‬‬ ‫‪) Barreto, 2013‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮔﺎل ﺑﺮ روي ﻋﻠﻒﻫـﺎي ﻫـﺮز‬ ‫‪ (Melastomataceae‬و‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪاي و ﺑﺪون درﯾﭽﻪ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﯿﭻ ﮐﺪام از ‪ 45‬ﯾـﺎ ‪46‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺟـﻨﺲ )‪ (Andrássy 2007, Siddiqi 2000‬اﻧﮕـﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﮔﺰارﺷﯽ از ﺧﺴﺎرت آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺗﯿـﭗ ) ‪N. acris Thorne,‬‬ ‫‪ (1941‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﺧـﺎك اﻃـﺮاف ﻃﻮﻗـﻪ ﯾﻮﻧﺠـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﺪر ﻗﺮﻣﺰ و ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ از آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺟـﺪا ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪه‬ ‫اﺳﺖ )‪ ،(Thorne 1941‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻧﮕـﻞ ﮔﯿـﺎﻫﯽ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﻮتﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ در ژاﭘﻦ و ﮐﺮه از ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫـﺎي آﻟـﻮده‬ ‫ﺟــﺪا ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ ) & ‪Kim et al. 2005, Nishizawa‬‬ ‫‪.(Iyatomi 1955‬‬ ‫از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺎﮐﺴـﻮﻧﻮﻣﯽ ‪ Ditylenchus‬ﯾﮑـﯽ از ﺟـﻨﺲﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه و ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪدار اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﺎر ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿـﺖ‬ ‫آن در راﺳﺘﻪ ‪ Tylenchida‬ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺮده و ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺎ آن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮادف ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎن در ﺑـﺎره ﺷـﺎﺧﺺﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﻈـﺮات ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوﺗﯽ دارﻧـﺪ ) & ‪Sturhan‬‬ ‫‪ .(Brzeski 1991‬از اﯾﻦ رو ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي‬ ‫را از ‪ Ditylenchus‬ﺟﺪا و ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ دﯾﮕـﺮ آنﻫـﺎ را ﻣﺘـﺮادف‬ ‫ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Diptenchus‬ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ‪ Nothotylenchus ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﯽ ﻣـﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺸــﺨﺺ و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽــﻪاي‪ Safianema ،‬ﺑــﺎ ﻏــﺪد ﻣــﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روده و ‪ Orrina‬ﺑﺎ ﻏﺪد ﻣﺮي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷـﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روده و ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ درﯾﭽﻪ از ‪Ditylenchus‬‬ ‫‪D.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑـﺎ آن ﻣﺘـﺮادف ﺷـﺪهاﻧـﺪ ) ‪Brzeski‬‬ ‫‪Troccoli, Palomares-Rius, De Luca, Cantalapiedra‬‬‫‪Navarrete, Liébanas, Landa, Subbotin & Castillo,‬‬ ‫‪) 2015‬ﻧﻤــﺎﺗﻮد ﺳــﺎﻗﻪ ‪ (sow thistle‬از اﻫﻤﯿــﺖ ﺧﺎﺻــﯽ‬ ‫‪1981, Brzeski 1991, Decraemer & Hunt 2006,‬‬ ‫‪Fortuner 1982, Fortuner & Maggenti 1987, Siddiqi‬‬ ‫‪.(2000, Sturhan & Brzeski 1991, Thorne 1941‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬در ﺑـﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي ﺧﺴـﺎرتزا ﺗـﺎﮐﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺮزﺳـــﮑﯽ )‪ (Brzeski 1991‬و اﺷـــﺘﻮرﻫﺎن و ﺑﺮزﺳـــﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي ‪ D. gigas ،D. destructor ،D. dipsaci‬و ‪D.‬‬ ‫)‪ (Sturhan & Brzeski 1991‬ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻣـﺬﮐﻮر را ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫‪ myceliophagus‬از اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )ﺟﺪول ‪.(1‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Ditylenchus‬ﻣﺘـﺮادف ﮐـﺮدهاﻧـﺪ‪ .‬دﮐﺮاﻣـﺮ و ﻫﺎﻧـﺖ‬ ‫‪305‬‬ ‫‪Vovlas,‬‬ ‫‪oncogenus‬‬ ‫در ﺑﺮ دارد ﮐﻪ ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺮي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ و ﻧﺎﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‪،‬‬ ‫‪305‬‬ ... Nothotylenchus Thorne, ‫ ﻭ‬Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 ‫ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ‬:‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ 306 306 ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫‪307‬‬ ‫‪307‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬ﻭ ‪... Nothotylenchus Thorne,‬‬ ‫)‪ (Decraemer & Hunt 2006‬ﺗﻨﻬـــﺎ ﺟـــﻨﺲﻫـــﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﺧﺎك از ﻣﺰارع‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻏﺎت‪ ،‬ﭼﻤﻦزارﻫﺎ و ﻋﻠـﻒزارﻫـﺎ‬ ‫‪ Ditylenchus‬و ‪ Orrina‬را ﻣﻌﺘﺒـــﺮ داﻧﺴـــﺘﻪ وﻟـــﯽ ﺑﻌـــﺪاً‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ‪ 264 .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻓـﺎرس‪ 32 ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ از‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲﻫـﺎي ‪ Nothotylenchus ،Diptenchus‬و ‪Safianema‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ‪ 24 ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾـﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤـﺪ و‬ ‫را ﻧﯿ ـﺰ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮان ﺟــﻨﺲﻫــﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒــﺮ در ﻧﻈــﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪاﻧــﺪ‬ ‫‪ 21‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔـﺎن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﻫﻔـﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ از‬ ‫)‪.(Decraemer & Hunt 2013‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران‪ 17 ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤـﺪان‪ ،‬ﭘـﻨﺞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ از‬ ‫ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ‪ 22‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟـﻨﺲ ‪ Ditylenchus‬و ﻧـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺴـﺘﺎن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ‪) Nothotylenchus‬ﺑﻌﻀﺎً ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨـﻮان ‪ (Ditylenchus‬از‬ ‫ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي و اﯾﻼم ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از‬ ‫اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ از آﻧﻬـﺎ از ﭘﺮاﮐﻨـﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫روش ﺳﯿﻨﯽ )‪ (Whitehead & Haemming 1965‬اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج‬ ‫ﺑــﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداﻧــﺪ )ﺟــﺪول ‪ .(1‬ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪه ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ‬ ‫و ﻃﺒـﻖ روش ﺗﮑﻤﯿـﻞ ﺷـﺪه دﮔﺮﯾﺴـﻪ )‪(De Grisse 1969‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪﮔﯽ و ﮔﺴـﺘﺮش ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ‪ N. geraerti Kheiri 1971‬در‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﮔﻠﺴﯿﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰارع ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺧﻤـﯿﻦ ) ‪Mohammad Deimi et‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ‪ 264‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد در‬ ‫‪ (al. 2008‬و ‪ D. myceliophagus‬در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣـﺰارع ﮐﻠـﺰاي‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﯿﺮاز‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن )‪ (Karimipour Fard et al. 2008‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي اﺻـﻔﻬﺎن‪ ،‬آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠـﺎن ﺷـﺮﻗﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻨﺲ دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي اﻧﮕـﻞ ﮔﯿـﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑـﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷـﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬـﺮان‪ ،‬ﺧﻮزﺳـﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺴـﺘﺎن و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ‪ N. geraerti‬و ‪ D. dipsaci‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﺎرس‪ ،‬ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﮐﺮﻣﺎن‪ ،‬ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻨﺲ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧـﯽ و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨـﺪﮔﯽ را در ﺑـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﮐـﺰي‪ ،‬ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔـﺎن‪ ،‬ﻫﻤـﺪان و ﯾـﺰد ﻧﯿـﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻞ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ در اﺳﺘﺎنﻫـﺎي ﮔﻠﺴـﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﻣﺎزﻧـﺪران و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اردﺑﯿ ـﻞ داﺷــﺘﻪاﻧــﺪ )‪ .(Najafpour et al. 2008‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨ ـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت رﯾﺨﺖﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ ‪ 15/7‬و ‪ 19/7‬درﺻـﺪ از‬ ‫رﯾﺨﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ ﻧﻮري ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك و ﻏﺪه ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮد‬ ‫دورﺑﯿﻦ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰاري ‪ Dino Capture‬و ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از‬ ‫‪ D. destructor‬آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ دارﻧـﺪ ) ‪Karimipour Fard et al.‬‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ اراﺋـﻪﺷـﺪه ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺑﺮزﺳـﮑﯽ ) & ‪Sturhan‬‬ ‫‪.(2012‬‬ ‫‪ (Brzeski 1991, Brzeski 1998‬ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ و ﺟـﺎﻣﻌﯽ در ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿــﯿﻦ ﭘــﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ﺟــﻨﺲﻫــﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫‪ Ditylenchus‬و ‪ Nothotylenchus‬در اﯾــﺮان اﻧﺠــﺎم ﻧﺸــﺪه‬ ‫در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ‪ 12‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟـﻨﺲ ‪ Ditylenchus‬و ﭘـﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬا ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﺎ اﯾـﻦ ﻫـﺪف در ﺗﻌـﺪادي از‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Notholtylenchus‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ )ﺟـﺪول‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .(1‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎ در ‪ 54/7‬درﺻﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﯽ ﺳـﺎلﻫـﺎي ‪ 1395-1392‬ﺗﻌـﺪاد ‪ 341‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ‬ ‫‪308‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ 86/2 .‬درﺻﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺟـﻨﺲ ‪ Ditylenchus‬و ‪ 13/7‬درﺻـﺪ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Notholtylenchus‬ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ‪N. basiri Khan,‬‬ ‫‪308‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫‪D. geraerti (Paramonov, 1970) Bello & ،1965‬‬ ‫‪ Geraert, 1972‬و ‪D. solani Husain & Khan, 1976‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻠﯽ از ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪N. ،N. basiri ،N adasi Sykes, 1980‬‬ ‫‪ D. geraerti ،medians Thorne & Malek, 1968‬و ‪D.‬‬ ‫‪ solani‬و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـــﯿﻦ ﺷـــﺮح ﻣﺨﺘﺼـــﺮي از ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ‬ ‫‪D.‬‬ ‫‪ anchilisposomus (Tarjan, 1958) Fortuner, 1982‬اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪Nothotylenchus adasi Sykes, 1980‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ‪ 2‬و ﺷﮑﻞ ‪1‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﮐﺮﻣﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﯿﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﮑﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔـﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‪ .‬ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ‪ 1/6-1/2‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷـﯿﺎر ﻃـﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺷـﯿﻪ دو ﺷـﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ دﻧﺪاﻧﻪدار‪ .‬ﺳﺮ در اﻣﺘـﺪاد ﺑـﺪن‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻠﻨـﺪي ‪3/0-1/9‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ و ﻋﺮض ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ‪ 8/5-6/7‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬داراي ﺳـﻪ ﺗـﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻇﺮﯾﻒ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺳﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ .‬اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ‬ ‫رﺷﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﯽ ‪ 47/8-39/8‬درﺻـﺪ ﻃـﻮل آن‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮهﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﮔﺮد ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﻋﻘـﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ .1‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ H-I ،A-E .Nothotylenchus adasi‬و ‪ :K‬ﻣـﺎده‪.‬‬ ‫‪ F-H‬و ‪ :J‬ﻧﺮ‪ :A & G .‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﻠﯽ؛ ‪ :B‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ؛ ‪ C‬و‪ :D‬ﺳﺮ و‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ؛ ‪ E‬و ‪ :F‬ﻣﺮي؛ ‪ :H‬اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دم؛ ‪ I‬و ‪ :J‬دم؛ ‪ :K‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒـﯽ‬ ‫رﺣﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 1. Nothotylenchus adasi. A-E, H-I & K: Female.‬‬ ‫‪F-H & J: Male. A & G: General view; B: Lateral‬‬ ‫‪field; C & D: Anterior end; E & F: Oesophagus; H:‬‬ ‫‪Tail terminus; I & J: Tails; K: Post-vulval uterine‬‬ ‫‪sac.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺸـﯿﺪه و دوﮐـﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض ‪7/1-5/2‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪ درﯾﭽﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾـﻪ ﺑﺎرﯾـﮏﺗـﺮ از‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و روزﻧـﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‪ .‬دم ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ و ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اوﻟﯿﻪ‪ .‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺷﺪﮔﯽ در ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﺗﺎ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎس ﺑـﺎ روده ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‪ :‬از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ و ﻣﺮي ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫داراي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺗﺎ ‪ 3/3‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ )ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺧﻤﯿﺪه از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺑﺮﻧﺎﮐﻮﻟﻮم ﺳﺎده و ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﺑﺘﺪاي درﯾﭽﻪ ﮐﺎردﯾـﺎ درون ﺣﺒـﺎب اﻧﺘﻬـﺎﯾﯽ در‬ ‫ﻫﻼﻟـﯽ ﺷــﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮرﺳــﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮل ‪ 45/6-35/7‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ و‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ(‪ ،‬ﮐﺎردﯾﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ .‬داراي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر درﯾﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ در‬ ‫‪ 57/8-46/5‬درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل دم اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪاي رﺣﻢ‪ .‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ از ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻬﻦ و ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫ﺑــﺮ اﺳــﺎس ﮐﻠﯿــﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﺟــﻨﺲ ‪Ditylenchus‬‬ ‫‪ 48/5-28/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ (2/1-1/4) 1/7 ،‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در‬ ‫)‪ (Sturhan & Brzeski 1991, Brzeski 1998‬و‬ ‫ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺷـﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ و ‪ (37/7-25/9) 30/8‬ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و رﯾﺨﺖﺳـﻨﺠﯽ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖﻫـﺎي‬ ‫‪309‬‬ ‫‪309‬‬ ... Nothotylenchus Thorne, ‫ ﻭ‬Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 ‫ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ‬:‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ 310 310 ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﮐـﻢ از ﺳـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺟﻤـﻊآوري‬ ‫‪ 2/1‬در ﺑﺮاﺑـــﺮ ‪ (1/2‬و ﺷـــﮑﻞ دم )ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـــﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑـــﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﺑﻮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. adasi‬ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﯾـﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي( ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮح اﺻـﻠﯽ )‪ (Sykes 1980‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺖ ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪ N. adasi‬اوﻟــﯿﻦ ﺑــﺎر از اﻧﮕﻠﺴــﺘﺎن و از ﺧــﺎك‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ داراي ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ‪ c′‬ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﺎً ﮐـﻢﺗـﺮ )‪ 7/1-4/9‬در‬ ‫ﻓﺮارﯾﺸــﻪ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨــﺪ در ﻧــﻮاﺣﯽ ﺑــﺎ رﺷــﺪ ﺿــﻌﯿﻒ ﮔﯿــﺎه‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎً ‪ (7/5‬و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ )‪76/8-74/0‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻒ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ )‪ .(Sykes 1980‬اﯾـﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ (73-68‬اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ ﺑﺮزﺳـﮑﯽ‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﯾﺮان از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸﻪ ﻧﺨﻮد از اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫)‪ (Brzeski 1991‬ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ داراي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دو ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮد ﻣﺎده ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﮔﺰارش ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و روزﻧـﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‬ ‫)‪ .(Ahmadi et al. 2014‬در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺳﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ از اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ )‪ 37/7-25/9‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 34-16‬درﺻﺪ(‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﻮ )ﺟﺎده ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ -‬ﺑﯿﻀـﺎء‪ ،‬روﺳـﺘﺎي ﺷـﯿﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮرﺳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﮐﻠﻮاك ﮐـﻢﺗـﺮ )‪ 3/1-2/6‬در‬ ‫ﻋﺒــﻮد( و ﮔــﻞ ﻻﻟــﻪ )ﺣﻮﻣــﻪ اﺳــﺘﻬﺒﺎن( در اﺳــﺘﺎن ﻓــﺎرس و‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 6/6-3/7‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻃـﻮل ﺑﻮرﺳـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﺮارﯾﺸﻪ ﺷﻠﻐﻢ )ﺟﺎده ﯾﺎﺳﻮج‪ -‬اﺻـﻔﻬﺎن‪ ،‬روﺑـﺮوي‬ ‫ﻃــﻮل دم ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮ )‪ 57/8-46/5‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ‪ 43-31‬درﺻــﺪ(‬ ‫روﺳــﺘﺎي ﭼﻨﺎرﺳــﺘﺎن‪ ،‬اﺳــﺘﺎن ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾــﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤــﺪ(‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾـﻦ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي دم ﺑﺎرﯾـﮏ ﺷـﺪه و در ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻮكﺗﯿـﺰ اﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬در ﺣـﺎﻟﯽ ﮐـﻪ در ﺷـﺮح اﺻـﻠﯽ و‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽﻫــﺎي ﺑﺮزﺳــﮑﯽ )‪ (Brzeski 1991‬دم ﺑــﺎ اﻧﺘﻬــﺎي‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪Nothotylenchus basiri Khan, 1965‬‬ ‫ﺿﺨﯿﻢﺗﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ آن ﺷـﮑﻞ ﺣﺒـﺎب‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ‪ 2‬و ﺷﮑﻞ ‪2‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ در ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻓﺮاد ﻧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺎرﯾـﮏ و اﺳـﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫اﺳﺖ و در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﻓﺮاد‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﺮح اﺻـﻠﯽ ) ‪Sykes‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﮐﺮﻣﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤـﯽ ﺧﻤﯿـﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﮑﻤﯽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (1980‬و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺮزﺳـﮑﯽ )‪ ،(Brzeski 1991‬ﮔﻼﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ‪ 1/6-1/0‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‪ .‬ﺳﺮ در اﻣﺘﺪاد ﺑﺪن‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. adasi‬ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷـﯿﺎر ﻃـﻮﻟﯽ در ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫‪ 2/5-1/8‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ و ﻋــﺮض ﭘﺎﯾــﻪ ‪ 6/6-5/3‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ درﯾﭽﻪ و اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ رﺷﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ دو‬ ‫داراي ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ ﻇﺮﯾـﻒ‪ .‬ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑـﻮﻟﯽ ﺳـﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪ N. utschini Gagarin, 1974‬و ‪N. truncatus‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‪ .‬اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﺿـﻌﯿﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـﯽ‬ ‫‪ Eliashvili & Vacheishvili, 1980‬ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ دارد‪ .‬از ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫‪ 51/5-34/7‬درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل آن‪ ،‬ﮔﺮهﻫﺎ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﮔـﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫اول ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺿﻌﯿﻒﺗﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑـﻮﻟﯽ ﺳـﺮ )در‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺸـﯿﺪه و دوﮐـﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض ‪6/2-4/4‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮدن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮﻟﯽ(‪ ،‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪ درﯾﭽﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾـﻪ ﺑﺎرﯾـﮏﺗـﺮ از‬ ‫)‪ 23/6-21/2‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 15-13‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ( و از ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ دوم‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اوﻟﯿﻪ‪ .‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ ﺗـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ ﺑـﻮدن ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ‪ 76/8-74/0) V‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪه و ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ روده ﯾﺎ داراي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺰﺋـﯽ‬ ‫‪ (66/4-56/7‬و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـﻮدن ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻃـﻮل ﮐﯿﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 3/6‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎردﯾـﺎ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷـﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ )‪-1/4‬‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و رﺷﺪ ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬در اﺑﺘﺪاي رﺣﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر درﯾﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ و‬ ‫‪311‬‬ ‫‪311‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬ﻭ ‪... Nothotylenchus Thorne,‬‬ ‫‪ 26/8‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ و ‪ 46/6‬درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل دم اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﯿـﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺟـﻨﺲ ‪Ditylenchus‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(Brzeski 1998, Sturhan & Brzeski 1991‬وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي‬ ‫رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و رﯾﺨﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ‪ N. basiri‬ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷـﺒﺎﻫﺖ را دارد‪ .‬در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح اﺻـﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﻃـﻮل ﺑـﺪن )‪ 781-614‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ‪500-350‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ 55/8-36/7) a‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ (29-23‬و ‪b‬‬ ‫)‪ 6/0-5/0‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ (5/0-4/0‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﻣﺤﻞ روزﻧـﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷﺤﯽ از ﻧﯿﻤﻪ دوم ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ اول ﺣﺒـﺎب اﻧﺘﻬـﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ )ﺣﺘﯽ در داﺧﻞ ﯾـﮏ ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ( در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﻧﯿﻤـﻪ‬ ‫دوم ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ )‪ 35/8-19/3‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ‪ 50‬درﺻﺪ( اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋـﻼوه ﺑـﺮ آن‪ ،‬در ﺷـﺮح اﺻـﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑـﺎ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي ﻣﻤـﺎس ﺗﺮﺳـﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺷــﮑﻞ ‪ .2‬ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪ F-G ،A-D .Nothotylenchus basiri‬و ‪:I-J‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ )‪ ،(Khan 1965‬وﻟﯽ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‪ E .‬و ‪ :H‬ﻧﺮ‪ A .‬و ‪ :B‬ﻣﺮي؛ ‪ C‬و ‪ :D‬ﺳـﺮ و اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ؛ ‪ E‬و ‪:F‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﯿﺪه و اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺰﺋـﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﻠﯽ؛ ‪ G‬و ‪ :H‬دم؛ ‪ :I‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ؛ ‪ :J‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 2. Nothotylenchus basiri. A-D, F-G & I-J:‬‬ ‫‪Female. E & H: Male. A & B: Oesophagus; C & D:‬‬ ‫‪Anterior end; E & F: General view; G & H: Tail; I:‬‬ ‫‪Post-vulval uterine sac; J: Lateral field.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨـﻮع ﺣﺒـﺎب اﻧﺘﻬـﺎﯾﯽ ﻣـﺮي در ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ از‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪﻫـــﺎي ‪ Nothotylenchus‬از ﻗﺒﯿـــﻞ ‪N. medians‬‬ ‫)‪ (Brzeski 1991‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﮐﺜﺮ اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ داراي دم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﮔﺮد و ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮔﺮد ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﮐﯿﺴـﻪ ﻋﻘﺒـﯽ رﺣـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫ﺷﺮح اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ ،‬اﻣـﺎ در ﯾﮑـﯽ از اﻓـﺮاد اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي دم ﮐـﺎﻣﻼً‬ ‫‪ 36/3-17/8‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ (2/3-1/1) 1/5 ،‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺑﻮد‪ .‬از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﻓﺮاد ﻧﺮ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺗﻔـﺎوت در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و ‪ (35/8-19/3) 26/2‬درﺻـﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دم اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺮح اﺻﻠﯽ دم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﺎً‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‪ .‬دم ﺧﻤﯿـﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﻣﺎ در ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﻓـﺮد ﻧـﺮ در ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺿﺨﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﮔﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﮔﺮد ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫و در ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دم ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺗﺮ و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. basiri‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ را ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪N. acutus‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‪ :‬از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ و ﻣﺮي ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Khan, 1965‬دارد‪ .‬وﺟﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺳﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ داراي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روده ﺑﻪ اﻧـﺪازه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. acutus‬در ﺷـﮑﻞ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي دم )ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً ﮔـﺮد در‬ ‫‪ 13/6‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‪ .‬اﺳــﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺧﻤﯿــﺪه از ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺷــﮑﻤﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ(‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃـﻮل ﮐﯿﺴـﻪ ﻋﻘﺒـﯽ رﺣـﻢ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺑﺮﻧﺎﮐﻮﻟﻮم ﺳﺎده و ﮐﻤﯽ ﻫﻼﻟـﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮرﺳـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷـﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ )‪ 2/3-1/0‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬ ‫‪312‬‬ ‫‪312‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ‪N.‬‬ ‫‪ basiri‬ﺑـﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ‪N. cylindricus Khan & Siddiqi,‬‬ ‫‪ 1968‬و ‪ N. turfus (Yokoo, 1968) Siddiqi, 1986‬ﻧﯿـﺰ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ دارد‪ .‬از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اول ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﻔﺎوت در ﺷـﮑﻞ ﺣﺒـﺎب‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي )ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﺳـﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي ﺑﺎرﯾـﮏ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺳﺎﻗﻪدار( و از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دوم ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ دم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي ﮔـﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد )در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻮرﺳـﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل دم )ﮐﻤﯽ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ از ﻧﺼـﻒ ﺗـﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒـﺎً‬ ‫‪ 100‬درﺻﺪ( ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد )‪.(Sumenkova 1989‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. basiri‬اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑـﺎر از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸـﻪ درﺧـﺖ اﻧﺒـﻪ در‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪوﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ )‪ .(Khan 1965‬در‬ ‫اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ از اﯾـﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ از ﺑـﺎغ ﻻﻟـﻪ )ﺣﻮﻣـﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﺒﺎن‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس(‪ ،‬ﻣﺰرﻋـﻪ ﮔﻨـﺪم )ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪ 40‬ﺟـﺎده‬ ‫ﺷــﮑﻞ ‪ .3‬ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪ I ،B-G .Nothotylenchus medians‬و ‪:K-N‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‪ H ،A .‬و ‪ :J‬ﻧﺮ‪ A .‬و ‪ :D‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﻠﯽ؛ ‪ :B‬ﺳـﺮ و اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ؛ ‪:C‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ‪ -‬ﺑﻨﺪر ﮔﻨـﺎوه‪ ،‬اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺑﻮﺷـﻬﺮ( و درﺧﺘـﺎن ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺜﻤـﺮ‬ ‫)ﭘﺎرك اﺋﻞﮔﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﯽ( ﺟﻤـﻊآوري‬ ‫ﻣﺮي؛ ‪ E‬و ‪ :F‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ؛ ‪ :G-I‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي؛ ‪ :J-L‬دم؛ ‪M‬‬ ‫و ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ و ﺑــﺮاي اوﻟــﯿﻦ ﺑــﺎر از اﯾــﺮان ﮔــﺰارش‬ ‫و ‪ :N‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 3. Nothotylenchus medians. B-G, I & K-N:‬‬ ‫‪Female. A, H & J: Male. A & D: General view; B:‬‬ ‫;‪Anterior end; C: Oesophagus; E & F: Lateral field‬‬ ‫‪G-I: Oesophageal basal bulb; J-L: Tail; M & N:‬‬ ‫‪Post-vulval uterine sac.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ & ‪Nothotylenchus medians Thorne‬‬ ‫‪Malek, 1968‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ‪ 2‬و ﺷﮑﻞ ‪3‬‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ‪ ،(1/5‬ﻣﺤﻞ روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‪-‬ﺗﺮﺷـﺤﯽ )از ﻧﯿﻤـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫دوم ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ اول ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬـﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﻧﯿﻤـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﮐﺮﻣﯽﺷﮑﻞ و ﻗﻄﻮر‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺧﻤﯿـﺪه ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اول ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ( و اﻧﺪازه ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﻮرﺳﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل دم‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ‪ .‬ﺣﻠﻘـﻪﻫـﺎي ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑـﻮل ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض ‪1/7-1/3‬‬ ‫)ﮐﻤﯽ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ از ﻧﺼﻒ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮم( ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﺷﺶ ﺷـﯿﺎر ﻃـﻮﻟﯽ‪ .‬ﺳـﺮ در‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ‪ ،N. acutus‬ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮزﺳـﮑﯽ ) ‪Brzeski‬‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺪاد ﺑﺪن ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﮔﺮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻨـﺪي ‪ 2/6-1/7‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ و‬ ‫‪ (1991‬ﺑــﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎت ﺷــﺮح اﺻــﻠﯽ ‪ N. basiri‬داراي‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ‪ 7/3-6/3‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ .‬ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬اﻣﺎ ﻃﻮل اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ در ﺑﺮزﺳـﮑﯽ ) ‪Brzeski‬‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺳﺮ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ .‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﻇﺮﯾﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ‬ ‫‪ (1998‬ﺑـﺮاي ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ‪ N. basiri‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ‪ 7-6‬و ﺑـﺮاي ‪N.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﯽ ‪ 43/4-25/6‬درﺻﺪ ﻃـﻮل آن‪ ،‬ﮔـﺮهﻫـﺎ ﺿـﻌﯿﻒ و‬ ‫‪ acutus‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 10-7‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﮔﺮد‪ .‬ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﮐﺸﯿﺪه و ﮐﻤـﯽ‬ ‫‪313‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬ﻭ ‪... Nothotylenchus Thorne,‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻮرﺗﺮ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ‪ 7/6-5/6‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑـﺪون‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﺷـﺮح ﺑﺮزﺳـﮑﯽ )‪ (Brzeski 1998‬ﺣﻠﻘـﻪﻫـﺎي‬ ‫درﯾﭽﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺗﺮ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اوﻟﯿـﻪ‪ .‬ﺣﺒـﺎب‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮل ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ذﮐـﺮ ﺷـﺪه در ﺣـﺎﻟﯽ ﮐـﻪ در ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺮي ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﭘﻬﻦ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎس ﺑـﺎ روده ﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺪن ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫داراي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷــﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺰﺋـﯽ ﺗــﺎ ‪ 18/2‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ و ﮔــﺎﻫﯽ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. medians‬ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ درﯾﭽـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻮرﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﮐﺎردﯾﺎ ﺑـﻪ درون ﺣﺒـﺎب اﻧﺘﻬـﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎردﯾـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷــﺶ ﺷ ـﯿﺎر ﻃــﻮﻟﯽ در ﺳــﻄﺢ ﺟــﺎﻧﺒﯽ‪ ،‬اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﮐﻮﺗــﺎه و‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﻣﺜﻠﯽ ﺗـﺎ ﻧﺰدﯾـﮏ ﺣﺒـﺎب اﻧﺘﻬـﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ‪ 75‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎي ‪N. affinis Thorne,‬‬ ‫رﺷﺪ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ‪ ،‬رﺣﻢ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ در اﺑﺘﺪاي آن ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر‬ ‫‪N. hexaglyphus ،N. geraerti Kheiri, 1971 ،1941‬‬ ‫درﯾﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪N. taylori Husain & Khan, ،Khan & Siddiqi, 1968‬‬ ‫ﭘﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ‪ 31/1-12/9‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ (1/8-0/6) 1/2 ،‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬ ‫‪ 1974‬و ‪ N. tuberosus Kheiri, 1971‬ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ دارد‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ و ‪(42/1-17/8) 32/7‬‬ ‫‪ N. hexaglyphus‬داراي اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﻠﻨـﺪﺗﺮ )‪ 22-19‬در‬ ‫درﺻﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ و روزﻧـﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑـــﻞ ‪ 18/4-18‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـــﺮ(‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ ‪ N. taylori‬داراي‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺑﺪن ‪ 12/2-7/8‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن‬ ‫ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﮐــﻢﺗــﺮ )‪ 80-75‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ‪ (84/3-81/3‬و‬ ‫در ﻣﺤﻞ روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ‪ .‬دم ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و ﭘﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻠﻨـﺪﺗﺮ )‪ 20‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ‪ ،(18/4-18‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻًٌ ﮔﺮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫‪ N. tuberosus‬داراي رﺣﻢ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ )‪ 4-3‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑـﺪن در‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻤﯽ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﮕﯽ دارد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ( و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. affinis‬داري ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ‪V‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‪ :‬از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮي ﮐﻤـﯽ ﺑﺎرﯾـﮏﺗـﺮ از ﻣـﺎدهﻫـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴــﺒﺘﺎً ﮐــﻢﺗــﺮ )‪ 80-76‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ‪ (84/3-81/3‬ﻣ ـﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ و ﻣﺮي ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪ .‬اﺳـﭙﯿﮑﻮل داراي ﺧﻤﯿـﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. medians‬ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ‪N. geraerti‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﯽ از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺑﺮﻧﺎﮐﻮﻟﻮم ﺳـﺎده و ﮐـﺎﻣﻼً ﻫﻼﻟـﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اول ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و ﮔﺮهﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﮔـﺮد و‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮرﺳﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺎﺷـﯿﻪ ﺷـﯿﺎردار و ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل ‪30/6-20/7‬‬ ‫در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دوم ﺳﺮ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ و ﮔﺮهﻫـﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾـﻞ ﺑـﻪ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي ﺑـﺪن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ و ‪ 57/8-43/9‬درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل دم اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﯿـﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺟـﻨﺲ ‪Ditylenchus‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. medians‬اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﻣـﺰارع ﻧﺰدﯾـﮏ ﭘﺮﺷـﻮ و‬ ‫)‪ ،(Brzeski 1998, Sturhan & Brzeski 1991‬وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﻨﺮ در اﯾﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ‬ ‫رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و رﯾﺨﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪N.‬‬ ‫)‪ .(Thorne & Malek 1968‬ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻓﻮرﭼــﻮﻧﺮ و‬ ‫‪ medians‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ دارد‪ .‬در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖﻫـﺎي ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻨﺘــﯽ )‪ (Fortuner & Maggenti 1987‬ﺑــﻪ ﺟــﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮزﺳﮑﯽ )‪ ،(Brzeski 1998‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬در ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫‪ Ditylenchus‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل داده ﺷﺪ‪ .‬اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟـﯿﻦ ﺑـﺎر از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ )‪ 84/3-81/3‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ ،(83-76‬ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ رﻣﺠـﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران ) ‪Ali Ramaji et al.‬‬ ‫ﻃﻮل ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺷـﮑﺎف‬ ‫‪ (2010‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺷﺮح داده ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘـﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ )‪ 1/8-0/6‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ ،(2/6-1/3‬ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫از آن از ﺧﺎك زﯾﺘﻮن در ﮔﯿﻼنﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﺗﺎ روزﻧـﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ )‪ .(Esmaeili & Heydari 2016‬ﻋﻠﯽرﻏﻢ وﺟـﻮد دو‬ ‫ﮐــﻢﺗــﺮ )‪ 42/1-17/8‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ‪ 65-39‬درﺻــﺪ( اﺳــﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش از اﯾﺮان ﺷﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻠﯽ از آن در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و ﻟﺬا‬ ‫‪314‬‬ ‫‪314‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﮔــﺰارش و ﺗﻮﺻ ـﯿﻒ ﮔﺮدﯾ ـﺪ )‪ .(Tarjan 1958‬ﺳــﭙﺲ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸﻪ درﺧﺖ اﺑﺮﯾﺸﻢ ﺑﺮﻫﺎن )ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪30‬‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲﻫـﺎي ‪ (Siddiqi 1980) Safianema‬و ‪Ditylenchus‬‬ ‫ﺟــﺎده اﻫــﻮاز‪ -‬راﻣﻬﺮﻣــﺰ‪ ،‬اﺳــﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳــﺘﺎن( اﺳــﺘﺨﺮاج و‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل داده ﺷﺪ ) ‪Fortuner 1982, Brzeski 1991, Brzeski‬‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .(1998‬از اﯾـﺮان ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﮔــﺮارت و ﺧﯿـﺮي ) & ‪Geraert‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪Ditylenchus anchilisposomus (Tarjan,‬‬ ‫‪1958) Fortuner, 1982‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ‪3‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺗـﺎ ﮐﻤـﯽ ﺧﻤﯿـﺪه ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﮑﻤﯽ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ‪ 1/3-1/0‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﺷﺶ ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‪ .‬ﺳﺮ در اﻣﺘﺪاد ﺑﺪن‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ‬ ‫‪ (Kheiri 1970‬ﮔـﺰارش و ﺗﺮﺳـﯿﻢ ﺷـﺪه )ﺟـﺪول ‪ (1‬وﻟـﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح داده ﻧﺸـﺪه اﺳـﺖ‪ .‬دو ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻠﻐﻢ )ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﻤﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﭙﯿﺪان‪ ،‬اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻓـﺎرس( و‬ ‫اﮐﺎﻟﯿﭙﺘﻮس )‪ 15‬ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﮔﭽﺴﺎران در ﺟﺎده ﻧﻮرآﺑﺎد‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤﺪ( ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ اﮐﺎﻟﯿﭙﺘﻮس ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻠﻐﻢ در‬ ‫ﻃﻮل اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ )‪ 9/2-8/2‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 7/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪي ‪ 2/6-1/6‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ و ﻋﺮض ﭘﺎﯾـﻪ ‪5/8-5/1‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪Ditylenchus geraerti (Paramonov,‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬داراي دو ﺗـﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ ﺑﺴـﯿﺎر ﻇﺮﯾـﻒ‪ .‬ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫‪1970) Bello & Geraert, 1972‬‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑــﻮﻟﯽ ﺳــﺮ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎر ﺿــﻌﯿﻒ و ﻧﺎﻣﺸــﺨﺺ ﺗــﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ‪ 3‬و ﺷﮑﻞ ‪4‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﻇﺮﯾﻒ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮهﻫﺎ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﮔﺮد ﯾﺎ رو ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻀﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ‪ ،‬داراي درﯾﭽـﻪ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‪ .‬ﺣﺒـﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﮐﺮﻣﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﮑﻤﯽ ﺧﻤﯿـﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﮐﺸﯿﺪه و ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪﻧﺪرت ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ‪ 1/7-0/9‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫داراي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روده ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮل ‪-7/1‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﺷﺶ ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ دو ﺷﯿﺎر وﺳﻂ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ 41/2‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ .‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒـﯽ رﺣـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل ‪40/6-26/8‬‬ ‫از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺷﯿﺎرﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺳﺮ در اﻣﺘﺪاد ﺑﺪن‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪﻫـﺎي ﮔـﺮد‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‪ (2/6-1/4) 2/0 ،‬ﺑﺮاﺑــﺮ ﻋــﺮض ﺑــﺪن در ﻣﺤــﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨـــﺪي ‪ 2/6-1/7‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـــﺮ و ﻋـــﺮض ﭘﺎﯾـــﻪ ‪6/6-5/2‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و ‪ (46/2-29/2) 40/4‬درﺻـﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ .‬ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑـﻮﻟﯽ ﺳـﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ‪ .‬دم ﺑﻪﺗـﺪرﯾﺞ ﯾـﺎ از ﻧﯿﻤـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‪ .‬اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﮏﺑﺎره ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﯾﺎ داراي ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬ ‫‪ 44/3-32/9‬درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل آن‪ ،‬ﮔـﺮهﻫـﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺎﺷـﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﮔﺮد و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ رو ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻀـﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‪ :‬ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﺑﻮرﺳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ‪ 31/0-24/0‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ و‬ ‫‪ 51/1-47/6‬درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل دم را ﻓﺮا ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ‪ 8/4-4/9‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬داراي درﯾﭽﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮل ‪-0/8‬‬ ‫‪ 2/1‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ و ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺗﺮ از ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ اوﻟﯿـﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﯾــﻦ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ اوﻟــﯿﻦ ﺑــﺎر ﺑــﺎ ﻧــﺎم ‪Pseudhalenchus‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺗﺎ ﮐﺸﯿﺪه‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً ﻣﻤـﺎس‬ ‫‪ anchilisposomus‬از ﭼﻤــﻦ در ﮐﺎﻟﯿﻔﺮﻧﯿ ـﺎ‪ ،‬اﯾ ـﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤــﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ روده و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ داراي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺗﺎ ‪ 7/6‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮنﻫـﺎي ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎردﯾﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ .‬رﺣﻢ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‪ ،‬داراي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر درﯾﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ در‬ ‫‪315‬‬ ‫‪315‬‬ ... Nothotylenchus Thorne, ‫ ﻭ‬Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 ‫ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ‬:‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ 316 316 ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﯿـﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺟـﻨﺲ ‪Ditylenchus‬‬ ‫)‪ ،(Brzeski 1998, Sturhan & Brzeski 1991‬وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي‬ ‫رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و رﯾﺨﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪ D. geraerti‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ دارد‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖﻫـﺎي اﯾـﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮح اﺻﻠﯽ داراي ﻃﻮل ﺑﺪن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ )‪ 839-626‬در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 430-400‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻃﻮل ﻣـﺮي ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ )‪146-101‬‬ ‫در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 87-84‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻃـﻮل دم ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ )‪64/4-45/5‬‬ ‫در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 40-31‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ( و ﻋﺮض ﺑـﺪن ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ )‪-15/2‬‬ ‫‪ 24/0‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 15-11‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ( ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )‪.(Bello 1971‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. geraerti‬ﺑﺎ داﺷـﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ درﯾﭽﻪدار‪ ،‬ﺷﺶ ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃﻮﻟﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﮐﻮﺗــﺎه )‪ 7/8-6/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﺑــﺎﻻ‬ ‫)‪ (83/3-78/1‬و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض‬ ‫ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ )‪ 2/9-0/8‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ .4‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ J-N ،B-H .Ditylenchus geraerti‬و ‪ :P-Q‬ﻣﺎده‪.‬‬ ‫‪،D. dauniae Brzeski & Palmisano, 1990‬‬ ‫‪ I ،A‬و ‪ :O‬ﻧﺮ‪ A .‬و ‪ :F‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﻠﯽ؛ ‪ :B-D‬ﺳﺮ و اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ؛ ‪ :E‬ﻣﺮي؛‬ ‫‪،D. myceliophagus ،medicaginis Wasilewska, 1965‬‬ ‫‪ G‬و ‪ :K‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ؛ ‪ :H-J‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي؛ ‪ :L-P‬دم؛ ‪Q‬‬ ‫‪ D. silvaticus Brzeski, 1991‬و & ‪D. valveus Thorne‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 4. Ditylenchus geraerti. B-H, J-N & P-Q: Female.‬‬ ‫‪A, I & O: Male. A & F: General view; B-D: Anterior‬‬ ‫;‪end; E: Oesophagus; G & K: Post-vulval uterine sac‬‬ ‫‪H-J: Oesophageal basal bulb; L-P: Tail; Q: Lateral‬‬ ‫‪field.‬‬ ‫‪D.‬‬ ‫‪ Malek, 1968‬ﺷــﺒﺎﻫﺖ دارد‪ D. geraerti .‬از ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪D.‬‬ ‫‪ dauniae‬ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﺎً ﮐﻮﺗـﺎهﺗـﺮ )‪ 7/8-6/5‬در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 8‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ( و ﺷﮑﻞ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دم )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﮔﺮد ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد ﺗﺎ ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮔـﺮد(‪ ،‬از‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪاي آن‪ .‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ‪ 51/7-14/1‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. medicaginis‬ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ دم ﻗﻄﻮر ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد ﺗـﺎ‬ ‫‪ (2/9-0/8) 1/9‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و‬ ‫ﻧﺴــﺒﺘﺎً ﮔــﺮد در ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ دم ﺑﺎرﯾــﮏ و ﺑﻠﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬از ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪D.‬‬ ‫‪ (69/8-14/9) 42/2‬درﺻﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺷـﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ و‬ ‫‪ myceliophagus‬ﺑــﺎ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﭘﺎﯾ ـﻪ ﺷــﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑــﻮﻟﯽ ﺳــﺮ‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ‪ .‬دم ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻗﻄﻮر و ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت )ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﻋﻤـﻮد ﺑـﺮ ﺑـﺪن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ رﺷـﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﮔﺮد و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﮐﻤـﺎﻧﯽ(‪ ،‬از ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ‪ D. silvaticus‬ﺑـﺎ داﺷـﺘﻦ دم ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‪ :‬از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ و ﻣﺮي ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ دم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ و ﯾـﺎ زاﺋـﺪهدار و‬ ‫اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺧﻤﯿﺪه از ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺑﺮﻧﺎﮐﻮﻟﻮم ﺳﺎده و ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. valveus‬ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ دم ﻗﻄـﻮر در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ دم‬ ‫ﻫﻼﻟﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮرﺳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﺷﯿﺎردار‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ‪45/5-16/0‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺟﺪا ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ و ‪ 73/7-22/9‬درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل دم اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪317‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. geraerti‬اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸﻪ درﺧﺖ ﻣـﻮز در‬ ‫‪317‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬ﻭ ‪... Nothotylenchus Thorne,‬‬ ‫زﺋﯿﺮ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ﻣـﺎده ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺻــﻮرت ﻣﻮﻗــﺖ ﺗﺤــﺖ ﻋﻨــﻮان & ‪D. procerus Bally‬‬ ‫‪ Reydon, 1931‬ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎراﻣﺎﻧﻮف ) ‪Paramonov,‬‬ ‫‪ (1970‬اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ را ‪ Tylenchus geraerti‬ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺠﺪداً ﺑﻪ ﺟـﻨﺲ ‪ Ditylenchus‬ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ )‪ .(Bello & Geraert 1972‬در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻫﺸـﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿ ـﺖ از اﯾ ـﻦ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸــﻪ ﺑــﺎدام )ﺟــﺎده ﺷ ـﯿﺮاز‬ ‫ﺳﺮوﺳﺘﺎن‪ ،‬روﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﻬﺎرﻟﻮ ﮐﻬﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬اﻧﺎر )‪ 80‬ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﻧﯿﺮﯾـﺰ‬ ‫از آﺑﺎده ﻃﺸﮏ(‪ ،‬ﺟـﻮ )ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪ 25‬ﺟـﺎده ﻗﺎﺋﻤﯿـﻪ‪-‬ﺷـﯿﺮاز(‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻨـﺪم )دو ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ از ﻣــﺰارع داﻧﺸـﮑﺪه ﮐﺸـﺎورزي داﻧﺸــﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺮاز( و ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻟﺒﻮﯾﯽ )ﺣﻮﻣﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﭙـﻮﯾﯽ( در اﺳـﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺎرس‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺰﯾﺠﺎت )ﺟﺎده ﻧﻮرآﺑﺎد ﮔﭽﺴﺎران‪ ،‬روﺳـﺘﺎي دزك‪،‬‬ ‫اﺳــﺘﺎن ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾــﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤــﺪ( و ﮔﻮﺟــﻪﻓﺮﻧﮕــﯽ )ﺟــﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﻨــﺪرﻋﺒﺎس ﻻرﺳــﺘﺎن‪ ،‬ﭘــﻨﺞ ﮐﯿﻠــﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﮐﻬﻮرﺳــﺘﺎن‪ ،‬اﺳــﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن( ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‪ .‬اﯾﻦ ﮔﺰارش اوﻟـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮد ﻧـﺮ اﯾـﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ در دﻧﯿـﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ اوﻟـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪Ditylenchus solani Husain & Khan,‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ .5‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ H ،C-F ،A .Ditylenchus solani‬و ‪ :J‬ﻣـﺎده‪،B .‬‬ ‫‪ G‬و ‪ :I‬ﻧﺮ‪ A .‬و ‪ :B‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﻠﯽ؛ ‪ :C‬ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ؛ ‪ D‬و ‪:E‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮ و اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ؛ ‪ F‬و ‪ :G‬ﻣﺮي؛ ‪ H‬و ‪ :I‬دم؛ ‪ :J‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Fig. 5. Ditylenchus solani. A, C-F, H & J: Female. B,‬‬ ‫;‪G & I: Male. A & B: General view; C: Part of gonad‬‬ ‫‪D & E: Anterior end; F & G: Oesophagus; H & I:‬‬ ‫‪Tail; J: Lateral field.‬‬ ‫‪1976‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ‪ 3‬و ﺷﮑﻞ ‪5‬‬ ‫ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋـﺮض ‪ 5/3-4/7‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬داراي درﯾﭽـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت‪:‬‬ ‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ‪ 1/7-0/7‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺗﺮ از‬ ‫ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﮐﺮﻣﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ‪ ،‬ﮐﻤـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﮑﻤﯽ ﺧﻤﯿـﺪه‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪ اوﻟﯿﻪ‪ .‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺮي ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﻮﺗـﺎه ﯾـﺎ ﮐﻤـﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ‪ 1/4-1/2‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪه‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ روده ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺗـﺎ ‪1/5‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺷـﯿﺎر ﻃـﻮﻟﯽ‪ .‬ﺳـﺮ در اﻣﺘـﺪاد ﺑـﺪن ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت رﺷـﺪ ﮐﺎردﯾـﺎ درون ﺣﺒـﺎب اﻧﺘﻬـﺎﯾﯽ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺮد‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪي ‪ 2/1-1/8‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ و ﻋﺮض ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎردﯾﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ .‬رﺣﻢ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و در اﺑﺘﺪاي آن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر درﯾﭽﻪ‬ ‫‪ 6/1-5/3‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬داراي ﯾﮏ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻇﺮﯾـﻒ‪ .‬ﺷـﺒﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد‪ .‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل ‪-18/8‬‬ ‫ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺳﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً رﺷﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ .‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ و‬ ‫‪ 25/1‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ (1/8-1/4) 1/6 ،‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﯾﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـﯽ ‪ 38/9-27/1‬درﺻـﺪ ﻃـﻮل آن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و ‪ (45/8-38/0) 40/8‬درﺻـﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺮهﻫﺎ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ و ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﻋﻘـﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ و روزﻧـﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‪ .‬دم ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـﯽ و از ﻣﺤـﻞ‬ ‫‪318‬‬ ‫‪318‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ ﺑﻪﺗﺪرﯾﺞ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺷـﺪه و ﯾـﺎ اﯾﻨﮑـﻪ از دو ﺳـﻮم‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ ﺑـﺎ زاﺋـﺪه(‪ ،‬ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ‪c‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﮔﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﻢﺗﺮ )‪ 10/8-9/7‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ ،(24-18‬اﻧﺪازه ﺑﻮرﺳـﺎ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺮ‪ :‬از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ و ﻣﺮي ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎدهﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل دم )‪ 50/2-38/9‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒـﺎً ‪ 100‬درﺻـﺪ(‪ ،‬از‬ ‫اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺧﻤﯿﺪه از ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﮑﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺑﺮﻧـﺎﮐﻮﻟﻮم داراي دو‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪ D. sturhani‬ﺑــﺎ اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﮐﻮﺗــﺎهﺗــﺮ )‪ 10/4-8/0‬در‬ ‫ﺧﻤﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻇﺮﯾﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﯽ و ﺷﮑﻤﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮرﺳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 11/6-10/4‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ )‪-79/3‬‬ ‫ﺷ ـﯿﺎردار‪ ،‬ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮل ‪ 26/0-18/8‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ و ‪50/2-38/9‬‬ ‫‪ 82/2‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ (78/2-76/4‬و از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. ausafi‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺤـﻮه‬ ‫درﺻﺪ ﻃﻮل دم اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪن )در اﻣﺘﺪاد در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣﺘﻤـﺎﯾﺰ(‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﯿـﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺟـﻨﺲ ‪Ditylenchus‬‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ )‪ 10/4-8/0‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 11-10‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ( و‬ ‫)‪ (Brzeski 1998, Sturhan & Brzeski 1991‬و‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ )‪ 82/2-79/3‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ‪ (75-72‬ﻣﺘﻤـﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و رﯾﺨﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖ ﻣـﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. solani‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ دارد‪ .‬ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. solani‬اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑـﺎر از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸـﻪ ﺳـﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨـﯽ در‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮح اﺻـﻠﯽ )‪(Husain & Khan 1976‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﭘﻮر ﻫﻨﺪوﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ) & ‪Husain‬‬ ‫داراي ﺑــﺪن ﮐﻮﺗــﺎهﺗــﺮ )‪ 604-506‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ‪1100-780‬‬ ‫‪ .(Khan 1976‬در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ از ﻓﺮارﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﻞ ﻻﻟـﻪ )ﺣﻮﻣـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻬﺒﺎن‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس( ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑـﺮاي اوﻟـﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ )‪ 1/8-1/4‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر از اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫از دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ c′‬ﮐﻢﺗـﺮ )‪ 5/7-4/5‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ‪،(7-6‬‬ ‫اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ )‪ 16/5-15/6‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 20-18‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﻮرﺳﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل دم )‪ 50/2-38/9‬در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ‪ 20‬درﺻﺪ( اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد‪ ،‬از ‪ 22‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ ،Ditylenchus‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي ‪D. ،D. myceliophagus‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. solani‬از ﻧﻈﺮ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺣﺒﺎب ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺑـﺎ درﯾﭽـﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ D. medicaginis ،dipsaci‬و ‪ ،D. destructor‬ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃـﻮﻟﯽ در ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﯽ و ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪودي ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ در اﯾﺮان ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي اﻧﮕـﻞ‬ ‫اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﯿﻦ ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﺑــﻪ ﭼﻬــﺎر ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪D.‬‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ‪ D. dipsaci‬و ‪ D. destructor‬ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮرد‪،‬‬ ‫‪D. ،D. angustus ،hisariensis Das & Bajaj, 2005‬‬ ‫از اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﮐﻪ داراي آب و ﻫﻮاي ﮔﺮمﺗـﺮي‬ ‫‪sturhani Mirbabaei Karani, Eskandari, Ghaderi,‬‬ ‫‪ Heydari & Miraeez, 2017‬و & ‪D. ausafi Husain‬‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮔﺰارش ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ از ‪ 12‬ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫‪ Khan, 1967‬ﺷــﺒﺎﻫﺖ دارد‪ .‬از ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪ D. hisariensis‬ﺑــﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒـﯽ رﺣـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در ﻣﺤـﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ )‪ 1/8-1/4‬در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ‪ (1/0‬و ﺗﻔـﺎوت‬ ‫در ﺷﮑﻞ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دم )ﮔـﺮد ﺗـﺎ ﻧﺴـﺒﺘﺎً ﮔـﺮد در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﮐـﺎﻣﻼً‬ ‫ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ(‪ ،‬از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ D. angustus‬در ﺷﮑﻞ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي دم )ﮔـﺮد‬ ‫‪319‬‬ ‫‪ ،Ditylenchus‬ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪﻫـــﺎي ‪ D. myceliophagus‬و‬ ‫‪D.‬‬ ‫‪ medicaginis‬ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ ﺑــﺎ داﺷـﺘﻦ ‪ 38/8‬و ‪ 35/1‬درﺻــﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ‪ ،‬داراي ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘـﺮاﮐﻨﺶ در اﺳـﺘﺎنﻫـﺎي ﻓـﺎرس‪،‬‬ ‫ﮐﻬﮕﯿﻠﻮﯾﻪ و ﺑﻮﯾﺮاﺣﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷـﻬﺮ و ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔـﺎن ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻞ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از دﻻﯾﻞ ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻞ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ‪ D. dipsaci‬و ‪D. destructor‬‬ ‫‪319‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬ﻭ ‪... Nothotylenchus Thorne,‬‬ ‫از اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻌﺪودي از وﯾﮋﮔـﯽﻫـﺎ داراي ارزش ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼـﯽ‬ ‫در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮدﻫـﺎي اﻧﮕـﻞ ﮔﯿـﺎﻫﯽ ﺟـﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ )‪ .(Fortuner 1982‬ﺗﻤـﺎﯾﺰ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ دﻟﯿـﻞ‬ ‫‪ ،Ditylenchus‬ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷــﺒﺎﻫﺖ رﯾﺨــﺖﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌــﺪاد ﻣﻌــﺪود وﯾﮋﮔــﯽﻫــﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮد ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل در ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻘﯽ از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻨﻮع درون ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي دﺷﻮار اﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﺴﺎرت آن ﭘﻨﺞ ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻧــﺎﻗﺺ ﺑــﻮدن ﺷــﺮح ﺗﻌــﺪادي از ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎ و ﺗﻌــﺪاد اﻧــﺪك‬ ‫ﺑــﺮآورد ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ ) ‪Abivardi & Sharafeh 1973,‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ دﺷﻮاري ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ و‬ ‫‪ .(Mansouri 1983‬ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ ‪ D. destructor‬در ﻣـــﺰارع‬ ‫ﮔﺮدآوري ﮐﻠﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺼﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﮐﺜﺮ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳــﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨــﯽ و ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪ D. dipsaci‬در ﻣــﺰارع ﯾﻮﻧﺠــﻪ و‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ و ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﺪادي از‬ ‫ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻤـﺎﺗﻮد اﻧﮕـﻞ ﮔﯿـﺎﻫﯽ اﺳـﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﻨﻮز ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ اﺳﺖ ) & ‪Sturhan‬‬ ‫اردﺑﯿﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧـﺪ )‪ .(Barooti 1997‬ﻧﺸـﺎن داده ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫‪ .(Brzeski 1991‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺑﻬﺎﻣﺎت‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ دو ﻧـﮋاد ﯾﻮﻧﺠـﻪ و ﺳـﯿﺮ از ‪ D. dipsaci‬در‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ روي ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي ﺗﯿـﭗ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿـﺖﻫـﺎي ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ و‬ ‫اﯾـﺮان وﺟـﻮد دارد ) ‪ .(Fasihi et al. 2010‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪه ﺷـﺪه‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺷﺮح ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪن‬ ‫اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ‪ 15/7‬و ‪ 19/7‬از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎك و ﻏﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ وﺟﻮد دارد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﻮد ‪ D. destructor‬آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ )‪.(Karimipour Fard et al. 2012‬‬ ‫در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــــﻪ ﺣﺎﺿــــﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻧــــﻪ ‪destructor‬‬ ‫‪ D.‬از‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿــﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ﮔــﺰارش ﺷــﺪه ﺟــﻨﺲ‬ ‫‪ Nothotylenchus‬در اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺳــﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨــﯽﻫــﺎي آﻟــﻮده اﺳــﺘﺎن ﻫﻤــﺪان و ﺑﺴــﯿﺎري از‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ‪2 ......................‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺐزﻣﯿﻨﯽﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه در ﺷـﻬﺮ ﺷـﯿﺮاز ﺟـﺪا ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﺷﺶ ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃﻮﻟﯽ )ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ(‪5 ....‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ‪ D. dipsaci‬از ﺑﺮﺧ ـﯽ ﻣــﺰارع ﺗــﻮتﻓﺮﻧﮕ ـﯽ اﺳــﺘﺎن‬ ‫‪ -2‬اﺳـــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 13-10/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـــﺮ‪ ،‬اﺳـــﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪24-22‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران‪ ،‬ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ و ﺳﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﻤﺪان ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪N. adasi ............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺘﻬـﺎ از ﻣـﺰارع ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن زراﻋـﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿـﻞ‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 10-5/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‪ ،‬اﺳــﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﮐﻮﺗــﺎهﺗــﺮ از ‪20‬‬ ‫ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ و ذرت ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺟﺪا ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪3 .........................................................................‬‬ ‫از ﻧــﻪ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﮔــﺰارش ﺷــﺪه ﺟــﻨﺲ ‪،Nothotylenchus‬‬ ‫‪N. acris* ................................................ 82-79 = V -3‬‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ‪ N. geraerti‬و ‪ ،N. acutus‬ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ـﺐ داراي‬ ‫‪4 ................................................................ 79-70 = V -‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ در اﯾﺮان ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬در ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﻧﯿـﺰ‬ ‫‪ -4‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 10-7‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬اﺳـﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪ 20-14‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‬ ‫‪N. acutus ..........................................................................‬‬ ‫ اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 7-6‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‪ ،‬اﺳــﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪ 15-13‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‬‫‪N. basiri............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 6-5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ‪-‬ﺗﺮﺷـﺤﯽ ﺑﻌـﺪ از‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. geraerti‬ﺑﺎ ‪ %60‬ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘـﺮاﮐﻨﺶ را دارا‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‪ .‬ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮن ﻫﯿﭻ ﮔﺰارﺷﯽ از ﺧﺴـﺎرتزا ﺑـﻮدن ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ Nothotylenchus‬وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳــﺎزي ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ﺟــﻨﺲﻫــﺎي ‪ Ditylenchus‬و‬ ‫ﻣﺮي‪ ،‬دم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ ‪N. persicus .............................‬‬ ‫‪ Nothotylenchus‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دادهﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 9-6/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‪ ،‬روزﻧــﻪ دﻓﻌـﯽ‪-‬ﺗﺮﺷــﺤﯽ در‬ ‫‪320‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪ /‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ / ۵۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ / ۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺮي‪ ،‬دم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد ﯾﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد ‪6 .................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﺷﺶ )ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ( ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃـﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﮔــﺮهﻫــﺎي اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﺑﺴــﯿﺎر ﻇﺮﯾــﻒ‪ ،‬اﺳــﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪23-19‬‬ ‫‪10 .......................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،86-82 = V ،‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ‪ 1/3-0/5‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 9/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪3 ............‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ‪N. hexaglyphus ........‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ‪ 8‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪6 .................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﮔــﺮهﻫــﺎي اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﻣﺸــﺨﺺ‪ ،‬اﺳــﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪18/5-14‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪ 21-18‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪4 ........................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ‪ 3-0/6‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪ 28-22‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪5 ..........................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ‪7 .......................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ،83-79 = V -4‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷـﮑﻞ‪= c′ ،‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﻃﻮل رﺣﻢ ‪ 4-3‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮل ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ‪2/4-2/0‬‬ ‫‪ ،7/0-4/5‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ‪ (3/6-1/2) 2/6‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻋـﺮض‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ‪N. tuberosus ....‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ‪D. solani ..............................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻃﻮل رﺣﻢ ﮐﻢﺗﺮ از ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻃـﻮل ﮐﯿﺴـﻪ ﻋﻘﺒـﯽ رﺣـﻢ‬ ‫‪ ،78-76 = V -‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و اﺳـﺘﻮاﻧﻪاي‪-3/3 = c′،‬‬ ‫‪ 2/6-0/6‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ‪8 .........‬‬ ‫‪ ،4/6‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ‪ (1/9-1/0) 1/4‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﺳﺮ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬـﺖ ﮔـﺮهﻫـﺎي اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾـﻞ ﺑـﻪ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎ‬ ‫‪N. geraerti**...................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﺮ ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮهﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ﮔﺮد ‪9 .............................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ‪D. sturhani .......................................‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﻃﻮل ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ‪ 1/3-1/0‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در‬ ‫ﻣﺤـــﻞ ﺷـــﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـــﻠﯽ‪ ،‬اﺳـــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 9-8‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـــﺮ‬ ‫‪N. affinis** ......................................................................‬‬ ‫ ﻃﻮل ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ‪ 2/6-1/3‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در‬‫ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺷــﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳــﻠﯽ‪ ،‬اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 8/0-6/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‬ ‫‪N. medians.......................................................................‬‬ ‫*‪ :‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ‪ N. acris‬ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿـﻞ ﻧـﺎﻗﺺ ﺑـﻮدن ﺷـﺮح اﺻـﻠﯽ‬ ‫)ﻋﺪم ﺑﯿﺎن ﻃﻮل اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ و اﺳـﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ‪species‬‬ ‫‪ inquirenda‬آورده ﺷــﺪه )‪ (Brzeski 1991‬و در ﻟﯿﺴــﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺮزﺳﮑﯽ )‪ (Brzeski 1998‬ﻫﻢ ذﮐﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫**‪ :‬ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ‪ N. affinis‬و ‪ N. geraerti‬از ﻧﻈــﺮ‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و رﯾﺨـﺖﺳـﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﺴـﯿﺎر ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺸﮑﻞ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿــﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪﻫــﺎي ﮔــﺰارش ﺷــﺪه ﺟــﻨﺲ‬ ‫‪ Ditylenchus‬در اﯾﺮان‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ داراي ﭼﻬﺎر ﺷﯿﺎر ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ‪2 ......................‬‬ ‫‪321‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺑــﺪن ﺑﻠﻨــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑــﻪ ﻃــﻮل ‪ 2300-1500‬و ﻣﯿــﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ‪1750‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪D. gigas ..............................................................‬‬ ‫ ﺑﺪن ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل ‪ 1700-1000‬و ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ‪1250‬‬‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪D. dipsaci .........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪ 29‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪،83‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دم ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ ﯾﺎ ﻧﺨﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪D. filimus.......................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ از ‪ 25‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ‪V‬‬ ‫ﮐﻢﺗﺮ از ‪ ،83‬اﻧﺘﻬﺎي دم ﮔﺮد‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد ﯾﺎ ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ ‪7 ...........‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‪ 5/1-1/8 ،‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ )ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪرت‪ 1‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ(؛ ‪8 ..... 77-66 = V‬‬ ‫ ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ‪ 2/1-0/4 ،‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑـﺪن در‬‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ‪9 ................................... 85-77 = V ،‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﺳﺮ ﺑﺪون ﺷﯿﺎر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 7-5/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪V ،‬‬ ‫= ‪D. longimatricalis .......................................... 73-66‬‬ ‫ ﺳــﺮ ﺷـﯿﺎردار‪ ،‬اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 9-6/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‪77-71 = V ،‬‬‫‪D. parvus.........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ‪ 50-15‬درﺻـﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺷـﮑﺎف‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ‪ ،‬اﺳـﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪ 25-14‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬دم ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫‪321‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎﯼ ‪ Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936‬ﻭ ‪... Nothotylenchus Thorne,‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮔﺮد‪ ،‬ﮔﺮد ﯾﺎ ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ ‪D. equalis ....................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ‪ 20-14‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪15 .............‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒـﯽ رﺣـﻢ ‪ 17-10‬درﺻـﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺷـﮑﺎف‬ ‫‪ -15‬دم ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ‪ ،(12/2-6/6) 9/1 = ć ،‬ﻣﺮي ﮔﻼﺑـﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ‪ ،‬اﺳـﭙﯿﮑﻮل ‪ 17-15‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬دم ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﻞ و ﻣﻤﺎس ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روده ‪D. longicauda ..................‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد ‪D. exilis ..........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬دم ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ ć‬ﮐﻢﺗﺮ از ‪16 ........................... 7/5‬‬ ‫‪ -10‬ﻃـــﻮل اﺳـــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 14-10‬ﺑـــﺎ ﻣﯿـــﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ‪12-10/5‬‬ ‫‪ -16‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ‪ 15-13‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮ ﻣﺘﻤـﺎﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪11 ........................................................................‬‬ ‫از ﺑﺪن ‪17 .............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻃــﻮل اﺳــﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 11/0-5/5‬ﺑــﺎ ﻣﯿــﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐــﻢﺗــﺮ از ‪9/5‬‬ ‫‪ -‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪ 16‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺮ در‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ ‪12 .......................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺪاد ﺑﺪن ‪18 ......................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -11‬ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ ﺷـﯿﺎر ﻃـﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪14-10‬‬ ‫‪ -17‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ‪ 67-52‬درﺻﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي ﻣﻤﺎس ﯾﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷـﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬دم‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷـﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ و ﻣﺨـﺮج‪ ،85-81 = V ،‬دم ﮐﻮﺗـﺎه و‬ ‫ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد ‪D. destructor ..............................................‬‬ ‫ﻗﻄــﻮر )‪ ،(c′ = 3/6-2/9 ،c = 18/8-15/1‬ﺣﺒــﺎب اﻧﺘﻬــﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻄﻮح ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺶ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺸـﺖ ﺷـﯿﺎر ﻃـﻮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮي ﮔﻼﺑﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ‪D. nanus* ............................................‬‬ ‫‪ 11-10‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي ﻣﻤﺎس‪ ،‬دم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي‬ ‫‪ -‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ‪ 33-25‬درﺻﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ ‪D. dryadis ...........................................................‬‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و ﻣﺨﺮج‪ ،82-75 = V ،‬دم ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﻠﻨـﺪﺗﺮ‬ ‫‪ -12‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺣـﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ‪ 0/4‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در‬ ‫)‪ ،(c′ = 4/4-6/2 ،c = 8/3-13/3‬ﺣﺒـــﺎب اﻧﺘﻬـــﺎﯾﯽ ﻣـــﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ ‪ %9‬ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺷـﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ و‬ ‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪه ‪D. triformis ...........................................................‬‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣـﺮي ﮐﺸـﯿﺪه و ﺑـﺎ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷـﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫‪ -18‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً داراي ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روده ‪D. apus ................................................‬‬ ‫روده و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻤﺎس‪19 .................................................... ،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ‪0/8‬ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋـﺮض ﺑـﺪن در ﻣﺤـﻞ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﻤـﺎس‪ ،‬در ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ ﯾﺎ ‪ %18‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻠﯽ و روزﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ‪20 ..............................................‬‬ ‫دﻓﻌﯽ ‪13 .............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -19‬ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺳﺮ رﺷﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻫﻼﻟﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪ ،(75-68) 71/5 = V -13‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﮐﻮﺗـﺎه ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮل ‪11/5‬‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻪ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪ 8/5-6/5‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒـﯽ‬ ‫)‪ (14-9/0‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻠﻨـﺪ و ﻣﻤـﺎس ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬ ‫رﺣﻢ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ‪ 69-30‬درﺻـﺪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺷـﮑﺎف‬ ‫ﺑـــﻪ روده‪ ،‬دم ﻣﺨﺮوﻃـــﯽ ﺑﻠﻨـــﺪ ﺑـــﺎ اﻧﺘﻬـــﺎي ﻧـــﻮكﺗﯿـــﺰ‬ ‫‪D. ferepolitor ..................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺷــﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳــﻠﯽ ﻋﻘــﺐﺗــﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿــﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ‪ V‬ﺑ ـﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و ﻣﺨﺮج‪D. myceliophagus ..................................‬‬ ‫از ‪14 ..............................................................................77‬‬ ‫ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﯿﮑﻮﻟﯽ ﺳـﺮ ﺿـﻌﯿﻒ‪ ،‬اﺳـﺘﺎﯾﻠﺖ ‪10/8-7/5‬‬‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ‪ 34-24‬درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫‪ -14‬اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ‪ 11‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮرﺳﺎ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻـــــﻠﻪ ﺑـــــﯿﻦ ﺷـــــﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳـــــﻠﯽ و ﻣﺨـــــﺮج‬ ‫‪D. anchilisposomus ........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ -20‬ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧـﺪازه ‪ (4/1-2/8) 3/5‬ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد ‪D. virtudesae .................................................‬‬ ‫ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و ‪ (59-45) 52‬درﺻـﺪ‬ ‫دم‪ ،‬ﻃﻮل ﺑﺪن ‪ 450-370‬ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‪ ،‬دم ﮐﻮﺗـﺎه و ﻗﻄـﻮر ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫‪322‬‬ ‫‪322‬‬ ۳۲۶-۳۰۳ :۱۳۹۶ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬/ ۳ ‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬/ ۵۳ ‫ ﺟﻠﺪ‬/ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ 23 .............. (‫ دم ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺗﺮ و ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ )دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬- ‫ دم ﻗﻄـﻮر ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً ﺑـﺎ‬،‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ و ﻣﺨـﺮج‬ 23-16 ‫ اﺳــــــــــﭙﯿﮑﻮل‬92-88 = V' ،82-79 = V -23 D. acutatus ................................................ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ‬ D. valveus ................................ 8/8-5/3 = c' ،‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‬ 21 ........................................... ‫ ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣﻢ ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ‬- ،‫ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘـﺮ‬20-15 ‫ اﺳﭙﯿﮑﻮل‬91-81 = V' ،84-72 = V - ‫ﺗﺮﺷﺤﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬-‫ روزﻧﻪ دﻓﻌﯽ‬،‫ ﺣﺒﺎب اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﯿﺪه‬-21 D. medicaginis ......................................... 8/6-4/5 = c' (1/8-0/9) 1/3 ‫ ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﯽ رﺣـﻢ ﮐﻮﺗـﺎه‬،‫وﺳﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬ ‫ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿـﻞ ﻋـﺪم ﺑﯿـﺎن‬D. nanus Siddiqi, 1963 ‫ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬:* ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ و ﺷﺮح ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻧـﺪك‬ species ‫( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان‬Brzeski 1998) ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺮزﺳﮑﯽ‬ .‫ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬inquirenda ً‫ دم ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻼ‬،‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن در ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﮑﺎف ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﯽ‬ D. tenuidens ......................................................... ‫ﻧﻮكﺗﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷــﺤﯽ‬-‫ روزﻧــﻪ دﻓﻌــﯽ‬،‫ ﻣــﺮي ﮐﻮﺗــﺎه و ﮔﻼﺑــﯽ ﺷــﮑﻞ‬22 .......................................................................... ‫ﻋﻘﺐﺗﺮ‬ 4/3 = c' ،‫ دم ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و ﻗﻄﻮر ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﮔﺮد‬-22 D. geraerti ...................................................... 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