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Deep learning is a new area of machine learning research. Deep learning technology applies the nonlinear and advanced transformation of model abstraction into a large database. The latest development shows that deep learning in various fields and greatly contributed to artificial intelligence so far. This article reviews the contributions and new applications of deep learning. The main target of this review is to give the summarize points for scholars to have the analysis about applications and algorithms. Then review tries to investigate the main applications and uses algorithms. In addition, the advantages of using the method of deep learning and its hierarchical and nonlinear functioning are introduced and compared to traditional algorithms in common applications. The following three criteria should be taken into consideration when choosing the area of application. (1) expertise or knowledge of the author; (2) the successful application of deep learning technology has changed the field of application, such as voice recognition, chat robots, search technology and vision; and (3) deep learning can have a significant impact on the application domain and benefit from recent research with natural language and text processing, information recovery and multimodal information processing resulting from multitasking deep learning. This review provides a general overview of a new concept and the growing benefits and popularity of deep learning, which can help researchers and students interested in deep learning methods.
2022
Verarbeitung des Fundmaterials von dem spätkupferzeitlichen Fundort Decs-Dögkút (Schindgrube) Auf dem Bereich der in der Nähe der Decs-Schindgrube zu errichtenden Mülldeponie haben wir im Jahre 1986 eine Bergungsgrabung der Funde durchgeführt. Auf einem kleineren Gebiet tauchten neben mehreren Zeitaltern auch die Gruben eines spätkupferzeitlichen Ortsteiles hervor. Die meisten der freigelegten Fundstücke sind in die frühere Zeitperiode des spätkupferzeitlichen Baden-Komplexes (IB-C-Phasen), in die sog. Boleráz-Kultur zu datieren. Aus zwei Boleráz-Objekten konnten wir 14C-Daten aus Tierknochen gewinnen. Die Kalibrationswerte der Gruben Nr. 3 und 24 stellen unter 3520-3350 BC in zwei Sigmakalibrationen eine für die klassische Boleráz-Kultur charakteristische Zeitdauer dar. Aufgrund des Fundmaterials der Grube Nr. 2. konnte die Ortschaft die sog. IIA Übergangsphase erleben oder konnte sogar auch in der späteren Zeitperiode der Spätkupferzeit weiterleben und von der Boleráz-Periode in die klassische Baden-Periode (IIB-III-IV. Phasen) umwandeln. Decs war der dritte, in die frühere Spätkupferzeit gehörende Boleráz-Fundort im Komitat Tolnau. Das Tierknochenmaterial und die ärcheologischen Beobachtungen ermöglichten auch die Skizzierung der wichtigsten Elemente einer Umweltrekonstruktion. Die Analyse des freigelegten und gut dokumentierten Bivalviamaterials weist auf die Zeitperiode der Sammlung hin. Die Musterung der Sammlungsperiode deutet auf die Ernährungsweise, Bewegeung und Periodizität der Seßhaftigkeit, sowie auf die fernliegenden Beziehungen hin. Die letztjährigen Zuwachsdaten der rechten Schale der 77 Stk. - in der Grube Nr. 5. freigelegten und zur Messung geeigneten - Unio pictorum (Malermuschel) setzen sich vier signifikant separierende Sammlungsperioden voraus. Nach einer kurzen Periode kam ein längeres Ausbleiben, dann eine Periode mit einer fortdauernder Sammlung und später hört sich die Tätigkeit für eine kürzere Zeit wieder auf. All danach ist die Sammlung der Muscheln dauernd und langhaltig, wahrscheinlich erst im letzten Drittel des Jahres wurde die kurze Sammlungszeit mehrmals unterbrochen. All das weist darauf hin, daß die Ortschaft dauernd bewohnt war. Sämtliche archäzoologischen Funde weisen auch darauf hin, daß die Umwelt der geprüften spätkupferzeitlichen Gemeinschaft wechselhaft war. Man nutzte die Möglichkeiten aus, welche durch die darunter liegenden Galeriewald und des regelmäßig durch Hochwasser überflossenen Flußlaufes bieteten. Die Menschen der Spätkupferzeit sammelte Beeren und Pflanzen, fing Fische, jagte die Wildtieree, sowie züchtete Haustiere, wie Rindvieh und Schweine. Er züchtete alle die im Karpatenbecken damals bekannten Haustiere (Schaf, Ziege, Rindvieh, Schwein, Hund und Pferd?), auf den höheren Löshügeln betrieb die Wiesen mit die Schafen und Ziegen. Die Haltung von Tierrassen mit unterschiedlichen Umweltansprüchen, sowie die voneinander einige Kilometer entfernt liegenden enstprechenden Bodenflächen nehmen eine spezialisierte Arbeitsteilung auch innerhalb der Tierzucht an.
Caldasia, 2018
RESUMEN En este estudio se documentan y analizan los casos de atropellamiento de fauna silvestre encontrados en el área urbana del Valle de Aburrá comprendida por los municipios metropolitanos de Bello, Medellín, Itagüí, Envigado y Caldas, con el objetivo de conocer las especies más afectadas, la efectividad de las señales preventivas instaladas y las variables que pueden tener influencia sobre este fenómeno. Se analizaron datos colectados de manera aleatoria con el aplicativo TAyRA, junto con datos obtenidos por el monitoreo periódico por dos vías principales del valle. Se encontró que los animales más afectados son las aves y los mamíferos, y que el límite de velocidad, el ancho de la vía y la distancia a las zonas verdes son factores de influencia. Adicionalmente se calculó una tasa de atropellamiento aproximada de 0,2 ind/km de vía urbana/semana. Se sugiere la ubicación de señales de tránsito para la prevención de atropellamiento de fauna y disminuir los impactos que las vías tienen en la fauna silvestre urbana. ABSTRACT This study documents and analyzes the cases of wildlife roadkill found in the urban area of the Aburrá Valley comprised by the metropolitan municipalities of Bello, Medellín, Itagüí, Envigado, and Caldas, with the aim of knowing the most affected species, the effectiveness of the preventive signals installed, and the variables that may influence this phenomenon. The data collected was randomly collected with TAyRA app, along with data obtained by periodic monitoring through two main roads in the area. We found that the animals most affected are birds and mammals, and that the speed limit, along with the width of the road and the distance to the green areas are factors of influence. Additionally, an approximate traffic rate of 0.2 ind / km of urban road / week was calculated. The location of traffic signals is suggested for the prevention of roadkill and the decrease of the impacts that the roads have on urban wildlife.
Masters Thesis, 2024
This research thesis aims to study a qualitative selection of Scandinavian rock art studies during the first half of 1900, the origin story of Das Ahnenerbe, a Nazi research institute, and their activities in Scandinavia in the years 1935-36. Through discourse theory and analysis this thesis will illuminate the differences between rock art studies by Ahnenerbe and Scandinavian researchers, if any. Furthermore this thesis will go through the reigning archaeological theory in Europe during early 1900s Europe. The reader will also learn about the imprisonment of two prominent Norwegian professors and their treatment in enemy territory – Nazi Germany. It will also lay forth Adolf Hitlers thoughts on propaganda and racial theories, a linguistic summary of the aryan term, as well as Das Ahnenerbes works until the shift in leadership from Herman Wirth to Walther Wüst. The main theme of the thesis is on the misuse of archaeological rock art research for propaganda purposes, and whether the line between legitimate academic practices and ideological manipulation are as visible as we would think or more diluted. This is shown through the powerplay between Scandinavian rock art researchers, mainly in Norway, from early 1900 up until the end of World War two. Through discourse theory as the methodological and theoretical framework it will present the empirical work with the origin and transformative ideological impacts of rock art interpretation. It also aims to question the ethical implications of research and the researcher’s responsibility to act honestly upon presenting scientific finds.
We attack the traditionally accepted view that a criterion of representational veridicality is a necessary condition for scientific understanding. To replace this ‘veridicality condition’, we propose an effectiveness condition on understanding: understanding requires representational devices that are scientifically effective; where scientific effectiveness is the tendency to produce useful scientific outcomes such as correct predictions, successful practical applications and fruitful ideas for further research. We illustrate our claims using three case studies: phlogiston theory versus oxygen theory for understanding of chemical phenomena; Newton’s theory of gravitation versus Einstein's general theory of relativity; and fluid models of energy and electricity in science education.
As part of the 2nd International African Congress, that will take place in Toruń (Poland) on February 20-21, 2025, I am organizing a seminar on "Arabic literature in Africa - African literature in Arabic". Here is a brief description: "The panel addresses the issues of creative writing in Arabic countries throughout northern Africa including the rich literary tradition and modern national literatures written in Arabic but also in French (francophone literature) and English as well as the works by Muslim authors writing in Arabic in Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa with their variety, uniqueness and distinctiveness". If you are interested, please register for the International African Congress by August 31, 2024: https://africa.marszalek.com.pl/index.php/en/registration. In the comments section, please indicate "Seminar on Arabic literature in Africa".
Wayne H Brekhus & Gabe Ignatow (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019
This chapter presents in outline the theoretical framework of an integral cognitive sociology that, aside from making sense in itself and on its own, has been intentionally designed to complement Critical Theory by potentially enhancing its analytical and defining critical capacity. It is an integral version in so far as it seeks to interrelate in a cognitive theoretical sense both the sociocultural and naturalistic dimensions. Starting from the metatheoretical concept of immanent transcendence, the sociocultural dimension is explicated through the key concept of the metacultural cognitive order of society and a complementary theory of cultural structures and dynamics. This complex is then embedded in nature by means of the concept of weak naturalism that, despite tying it down ontologically, allows the sociocultural domain to come into its own. Theoretically and methodologically, the ambivalent tension-laden position of the sociocultural world between first and second nature is of special interest in that it is crucial to Critical Theory's critical reconstructive and explanatory mode of procedure. Rather than just outlining the theoretical framework, which is given in the core second part of the chapter, however, indications are first offered of the origination of this integral version of cognitive sociology. Instead of a general historical overview of whatever smatterings of the cognitive are to be found in Critical Theory, this is done from an intellectual autobiographical perspective. Both the emergence of this cognitive sociology from the intellectual constellation of the 1960s and 70s in which Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas took Critical Theory in a new direction is pinpointed and its subsequent unfolding in by no means uncritical correlation with the further development of Critical Theory in the context of international debates, including the cognitive revolution, is traced. Introduction To honour my brief of having to write on the theme of Critical Theory and cognitive sociology requires taking up an autobiographical perspective, both my own and my generation's, in order to briefly retrace the trajectory of this relation from the viewpoint of my current understanding of cognitive sociology. The integral version of cognitive sociology presented here is closely associated with Critical Theory. It originally emerged against the background of the intellectual constellation of the late-1960s and early-1970s in which Critical Theory occupied a central position, and it gradually unfolded in parallel with the development of the latter in a context partially shaped by the cognitive revolution.
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2020
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Inorganic Chemistry, 1979
Rivista degli Studi Orientali, n.s. XCVII, 1-2 (2024), pp. 77-114