RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN INDIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

© 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN INDIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES S.B. ANILKUMAR1 Research Scholar, S.K. Institute of Management, S.K. University, Anantapur, A.P, PAPPAKA ADINARAYANA2 Assistant Professor, Sir C.V. Raman Institute of Management Studies, Tadipatri, Anantapur District, A.P. ABSTRACT Religious tourism is a sort of tourism solely or emphatically propelled by religious reasons. This is perhaps the most established type of tourism. It can likewise be alluded to as spiritual tourism. It is a type of tourism, where people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage, missionary, or leisure purposes. Religious tourism has a big future in India. India is richly endowed with ancient temples and religious festivals. Religions originating in India, be it Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, have a vibrant culture and spiritual philosophy. Together they present a viable, alternative way of life as compared to materialism and confrontation prevalent in the West. This paper highlights the religious tourism in India and addresses the key issues and challenges in tourism industry. 1. INTRODUCTION Religious tourism, spiritual tourism, sacred tourism, or faith tourism, is a type of tourism with two main subtypes: pilgrimage, meaning travel for religious or spiritual purposes, and the viewing of religious monuments and artefacts, a branch of sightseeing. The spiritual air in the country humbly carries the fragrance of Karma, Dharma and most importantly Forgiveness. A secular country under whose shelter dwells multiple religions in utmost peace and harmony, India can rightly be called the ‘Land of Faith’. Tourism in India is significant for the nation's economy and is developing quickly. The World Travel and Tourism Council determined that tourism created ₹16.91 lakh crore (US$240 billion) or 9.2% of India's GDP in 2018 and bolstered 42.673 million occupations, 8.1% of its absolute employment. The part is anticipated to develop at a yearly pace of 6.9% to ₹32.05 lakh crore (US$460 billion) by 2028 (9.9% of GDP). Around the world, Delhi is positioned 28th by the quantity of outside vacationer appearances, while Mumbai is positioned 30th, Chennai 43rd, Agra 45th, Jaipur 52nd and Kolkata 90th. JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 539 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS FROM TOURISM IN INDIA (2014–2018) Earnings (US$ % Earnings % change (₹ crores) change Year million) 9.7 123,320 14.5 2014 20,236 21,071 4.1 135,193 8.8 2015 9.1 154,146 14.3 2016 22,923 19.1 177,874 15.4 2017 27,310 4.7 194,882 9.6 2018 28.585 Source: "India Tourism Statistics at a Glance 2018" The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 positioned India 34th out of 140 nations in general. India improved its positioning by 6 places over the 2017 report which was the best improvement among the top 25% of nations positioned. The report positions the value intensity of India's tourism part thirteenth out of 140 nations. It makes reference to that India has very great air transport framework (positioned 33rd), especially given the nation's phase of improvement, and sensible ground and port foundation (positioned 28th). The nation likewise scores high on normal assets (positioned fourteenth), and social assets and business travel (positioned eighth). Nonetheless, some different parts of its tourism framework remain fairly immature. The Ministry of Tourism structures national approaches for the improvement and advancement of tourism. Simultaneously, the Ministry counsels and works together with different partners in the segment including different focal services/offices, state governments, association domains and private area agents. Purposeful endeavors are being made to advance specialty tourism items, for example, rustic, voyage, restorative and ecotourism. The Ministry of Tourism keeps up the Incredible India battle concentrated on advancing the tourism in India. FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVALS IN INDIA (2014–2018) Change Arrivals (In Year (millions) Percentage) 10.2 2014 7.68 4.5 2015 8.03 8.8 9.7 2016 14 2017 10.04 5.2 2018 10.56 Source: "India Tourism Statistics at a Glance 2018" JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 540 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) RELIGIONS IN INDIA India is a place of huge holy places and different kind of cultures. The people in the country are classified into different religious groups each one is having their own traditions religious formalities like holy places, worshiping method, and other religious discipline in their daily life style. Below are the religions and their life style of worshiping in India. HINDUISM Hinduism is an Indian religion, or a lifestyle. Hinduism is generally polished in South Asia mostly in India and Nepal. Hinduism is the one of the most established religion on the planet, and Hindus allude to it as Sanaatana Dharma, "the everlasting convention," or the "interminable way," past mankind's history. Researchers view Hinduism as a mix of various Indian societies and conventions, with assorted roots. Hinduism has no author and starting points of Hinduism are obscure. They accept that God made the universe and all inside it, that all animals have consistently had a comprehension about God. Hinduism contains a wide scope of ways of thinking, and is connected by the ideas, similar to ceremonies, cosmology, Texts, and journey to sacrosanct locales. Hindu ceremonies incorporate puja (worship) and recitations, contemplation, family-arranged soul changing experiences, yearly celebrations, and infrequent journeys. Hinduism is the world's third biggest religion; there are around 1.15 billion Hindus which are 15-16% of the worldwide populace. Dominant part of the Hindus lives in India, Nepal and Mauritius. Hindus are additionally found in different nations. Worship Most Hindus adore (puja) consistently at home and have a place of worship there. A sanctuary can be anything from a room, a little special raised area or just pictures or statues. Relatives frequently venerate together. At the holy place, Hindus make contributions to a murti. A murti is a hallowed stautue of God, or a divine being or goddess. The Hindu structure for mutual worship is called Mandir (Hindu Temple). The sanctuaries are committed to various divine beings and are the focal point of religious life. Outside India, individuals basically assemble at the mandir at the end of the week. Admirers rehash the names of their preferred divine beings, goddesses, and the mantras. Water, natural product, blooms and incense are offered to the divine beings. Famous Holy places in India  Varanaashi (Kashi) Lord Shiva temple  Tirupathi, Lord Venkateswara temple JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 541 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2  Shiridi, Sai Baba temple  Shakhi Peeta’s (Temples of Goddess )  Joythirlingaas (Temples of Lord Shiva) and more… www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) ISLAMISM Islam is an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion. The entirety of its lessons and convictions are worked out in the Quran (likewise spelled Qur'an or Koran), the heavenly sacred writing of Islam. Devotees of Islam are called Muslims which signifies "submitter to God". They accept that the Quran was addressed Muhammad by the blessed messenger Jibril, and that it is the expression of Allah. They see Muhammad as a prophet and emissary of God. Different convictions and rules about what Muslims ought to do originate from reports of what Muhammad instructed or hadith. Muslims accept that the substance of the Quran (written in Arabic) is secured by Allah as referenced in the Quran and is the last message of God for all of humanity until the Day of Judgment. Most Muslims have a place with one of two gatherings. The most well-known is Sunni Islam (75–90% of all Muslims are Sunni Muslims). The second is Shia Islam (10–20% of all Muslims are Shias – likewise called Shiites). Be that as it may, there are a lot more gatherings like the Alevis in Turkey. With about 1.75 billion devotees (24% of the total populace), Islam is the second-biggest religion on the planet. Islam is additionally the quickest developing religion on the planet. Islam is additionally the second-biggest and quickest developing religion in Europe. Worship The Muslim structure for collective worship is known as a mosque. Muslims regularly allude to the mosque by its Arabic name, masjid. Muslims are called to supplication from the minaret. The man who enters the minaret and calls them to supplication is known as a muezzin. They are embellished with examples and words from the Qur'an. At the point when individuals go into the mosque they remove their shoes. This is to keep it clean for petition. Ladies don't ask in a similar spot as men, there is generally a screened off region for them. Famous Holy places in India  Rauzaa of Shah-e-Alam, Ahmedabad, Gujarat  Hazratbal Shrine, Srinagar  Ajmer Sharif Dargah - the dargah of Moinuddin Chishti, Ajmer  Haji Ali Dargah, Mumbai  Rauza Sharif - the rauza of Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, in Sirhind-Fategarh, Punjab State  Dargah of Khawaja Kanoon Sahib, Madhya Pradesh  Mazar-e-Najmi, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 542 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2  Buddishai Baba Dargah in Telangana  Dargah of Nizamuddin Chishti, Delhi  Valley of Saints at Khuldabad  Thiruparankundram Dargah in Thiruparankundram, Tamil Nadu www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) CHRISTIANITY Christianity is the world's greatest religion, with about 2.2 billion devotees around the world. Jesus Christ, who was killed around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem, is the author of Christianity. It depends on the lessons of Jesus Christ who lived in the Holy Land 2,000 years back. Through its teacher action Christianity has spread to most pieces of the globe. Christians are individuals who accept that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and who pursue his lessons and those of the Christian places of worship that grew up after his passing. Christians accept that Jesus became alive once again and appeared to his pupils (supporters) to show everybody that there is another existence with one, endless, adoring God. Worship The Christian spot of worship is known as a Church. They are regularly worked looking like a cross with the special stepped area confronting east towards the rising sun. The Christian otherworldly pioneers are called clerics or pastors. (Vicars) Christian worship includes applauding God in music, discourse, readings from sacred writing, petitions of different sorts, a lesson and different blessed functions Famous Holy Places in India  Goa. St. Francis Xavier  St. Thomas Mount. – Tamil Nadu  Vailankanni. Tamil Nadu  Shrine of the Infant Jesus, Nashik, Mahrashtra, .  Mount Mary Church, Bandra, Mumbai, Maharashtra  St Peter's and st pauls Orthodox church ( parumala church), parumala,kerala.  St George Orthodox church, puthupally. SIKHISM Sikhism was brought to the world around 1500 by Guru Nanak Dev, the first of the "Ten Gurus". Master Nanak carried the Word of God to show upon Earth. Through his Hymns and Prayers (Shabads), he propelled and elevated mankind to carry on with an existence of truth, honorableness and otherworldliness. These Hymns and Prayers were arranged into the Siri Guru Granth Sahib. Remarkable among the world's significant religious sacred texts, while aggregating the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh Gurus consolidated their own compositions, yet additionally incorporated the works of other contemporary holy people from Hinduism and Islam (counting holy people having a place with the most reduced strata of untouchables in the Hindu Caste System), who had JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 543 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) confidence in the solidarity of God and condemned superstition and station. Further, the structure and aggregation of the Guru Granth Sahib was performed by the Sikh Gurus themselves, instead of being performed by their disciples and adherents. In 1699, Guru Gobind Singh, the Tenth Guru, built up the Khalsa and gave Sikhs a particular character and strengthened standards instructed by all Gurus. This festival occurred on Vaisakhi and is recognized every year. One of the most significant functions set up by Guru Gobind Singh on that day is Khande di Pahul, where Sikhs are started into the Khalsa and are required to keep the 5 Ks, kakkars or kakke which are articles of confidence. Master Granth Sahib was presented the Guruship by the remainder of the human structure Sikh Gurus, Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1708. Prior to dying, Guru Gobind Singh Ji declared that the Sikhs were to view the Granth Sahib as their next and everlasting Guru. Master Ji said – "Sab Sikhan ko hukam hai Guru Manyo Granth" signifying "All Sikhs are instructed to accept the Granth as Guru". So today, whenever asked, the Sikhs will reveal to you that they have an aggregate of 11 Gurus. (10 Gurus in human structure, and the unceasing shabad Guru, the Siri Guru Granth Sahib). Worship Sikhs revere at home and in the Sikh sanctuary called the Gurdwara ('Gateway to the Guru'). All Gurdwaras over the globe have:  The Sikh sacred writing - Guru Granth Sahib  Community Kitchen – langar, Food is prepared by the individuals from the network and served by individuals from the network, to all individuals at the Gurdwara. The thought is to show correspondence surprisingly, independent of rank, statement of faith, religion, race or sex.  Four Doors The gurdwara for the most part has four ways to show that it is available to all.  The "Nishan Sahib," a yellow (saffron) triangular banner bearing the Sikh image of "Khanda" flies from each Gurdwara. The term 'nisan' signifies 'banner' and 'sahib' is a term of regard. Guests independent of their religion can anticipate safe house, solace and nourishment at all Gurdwaras. Everybody who enters a gurdwara must cover their head and take their shoes off. Hands are washed and in some Gurdwaras there are feet washes. There are no seats, everybody sits on the floor. People don't sit together. The ladies sit on one side of the Guru Granth Sahib and men on the other. (In some littler Gurdwaras, people might be seen sitting blended in the assemblage.) Famous Holy places in India  Golden Temple  Patna Sahib  Paonta Sahib (Himachal Pradesh)  Anandpur Sahib (Punjab) JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 544 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2  Baba Bakala (Punjab)  Goindwal Sahib (Punjab)  Taran Taran (Punjab)  Sirhind (Punjab)  HemKund Sahib (Uttarakhand)  Nanded Sahib (Maharashtra) www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) BUDDHISM Buddhism started in northeastern India and depends on the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama. The religion is 2,500 years of age and is trailed by 350 million Buddhists around the world. Buddhism is the fundamental religion in numerous Asian nations. It is a religion about anguish and the need to dispose of it. A key idea of Buddhism is Nirvana, the most illuminated, and happy express that one can accomplish. A state without affliction. Buddhism is unique in relation to numerous different religions since it isn't focused on the connection among humankind and God. Buddhists don't put stock in an individual maker God. The Buddhist custom is established on and roused by the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama. He was known as the Buddha and lived in the fourth or fifth century B.C. in India. Siddhartha Gautama found the way to Enlightenment. By doing so he was driven from the torment of misery and resurrection towards the way of Enlightenment and got known as the Buddha or "stirred one". started in northeastern India and depends on the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama. The religion is 2,500 years of age and is trailed by 350 million Buddhists around the world. Buddhism is the principle religion in numerous Asian nations. It is a religion about anguish and the need to dispose of it. A key idea of Buddhism is Nirvana, the most edified, and merry express that one can accomplish. A state without affliction. Buddhism is not the same as numerous different religions since it isn't focused on the connection among humankind and God. Buddhists don't have confidence in an individual maker God. The Buddhist custom is established on and motivated by the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama. He was known as the Buddha and lived in the fourth or fifth century B.C. in India. Siddhartha Gautama found the way to Enlightenment. By doing so he was driven from the torment of affliction and resurrection towards the way of Enlightenment and got known as the Buddha or "stirred one". Worship Buddhist worship is called puja. Individuals serenade to show their affection for the Buddha. They make contributions of blossoms, candles, incense and unadulterated water at a holy place. Individuals express gratitude toward Buddha for his lessons. At the point when Buddhist worship alone they generally reflect and read from the Buddhist heavenly books. Consistently most Buddhists have unique religious days. These are JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 545 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) regularly days when there is a full moon. Numerous Buddhists go to sanctuaries to worship on these unique days. Buddhist worship at home or at a sanctuary. Admirers may sit on the floor shoeless confronting a picture of Buddha and reciting. It is significant that their feet face away from the picture of Buddha. They tune in to priests reciting from religious messages and participate in supplications. Buddhists will frequently have a holy place. There will be a statue of Buddha, candles, and an incense burner. Buddhist sanctuaries come in numerous shapes. Maybe the most popular are the pagodas of China and Japan. Another run of the mill Buddhist structure is the Stupa (topsy turvy bowl shape). Every single Buddhist sanctuary contains a picture or a statue of Buddha. Famous Holy places in India  Bodh Gaya: Bihar (in the current Mahabodhi Temple).  Sarnath: Uttar Pradesh (formally Isipathana)  Kusinara: Uttar Pradesh (now Kusinagar, India)  Sravasti: Uttar Pradesh  Rajgir: Bihar  Vaishali: Bihar JAINISM Jainism is a religion initially from India that instructs that "every one of the occasions known to mankind are self-caused, irregular, fixed and are autonomous of past occasions or outside causes or god": Jain way of thinking is the most established way of thinking of India that recognizes body (matter) from the spirit (awareness) totally. It encourages that the universe is everlasting and that each living being has a spirit which has the ability to turn out to be all-knowing (spectator of all the arbitrary occasions). A spirit which has prevailed upon its internal adversaries like connection, covetousness, pride, and so on is called jina which implies vanquisher or victor (over numbness). The blessed book of Jainism is Pravachansara. Worship The thought process and motivation behind Jain worship is altogether different from worship in numerous different religions - in certainty no doubt Jain standards make worship both superfluous and pointless. Jains don't worship to satisfy divine beings, or in the expectation of receiving something from divine beings consequently. In any case, by and by, Jains do worship at a shallow level Jain sanctuary worship appears to contain components like worship in Hindu sanctuaries. This is the consequence of the social impact of other Indian religions on the Jain people group, and not an impression of the Jain way of thinking. JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 546 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Famous Holy places in India  North India: Hastinapur, Taxila, and Ashtapada  South India: Shravanabelagola, Moodabidri, Humbaj, Anantnath Swami Temple near Kalpetta  Eastern India: Shikharji, Pawapuri, Champa, Pundravardhan  Western India: Palitana, Girnar, Mount Abu, Mahavirji, Shankheshwar, Mahudi  Central India: Vidisha, Kundalpur, Sonagir SHARE OF TOP 10 STATES/UTS OF INDIA IN NUMBER OF FOREIGN TOURIST VISITS IN 2018 State/Union Share Rank Number Territory in % Maharashtra 5,078,514 18.9 1 Tamil Nadu 4,860,455 18 2 Uttar Pradesh 3,104,062 13 3 Delhi 2,379,169 10 4 Rajasthan 1,489,500 6 5 West Bengal 1,475,311 6 6 Kerala 977,479 4 7 Bihar 923,737 4 8 Karnataka 636,502 3 9 Goa 541,480 2 10 Total 20,620,863 88 2,705,300 12 Others Total 23,326,163 100 Source: "India Tourism Statistics at a Glance 2018" SHARE OF TOP 10 STATES/UTS OF INDIA IN NUMBER OF DOMESTIC TOURIST VISITS IN 2018 State/Union Share Rank Number Territory in % Tamil Nadu 345,061,140 20.9 1 Uttar Pradesh 233,977,619 14 2 Karnataka 179,980,191 11 3 Andhra Pradesh 165,433,898 10 4 Maharashtra 119,191,539 7 5 Telangana 85,266,596 5 6 Madhya Pradesh 78,038,522 5 7 West Bengal 79,687,645 5 8 Gujarat 48,343,121 3 9 Rajasthan 45,916,573 3 10 Total 1,380,896,844 84 271,588,513 16 Others Total 1,652,485,357 100 Source: "India Tourism Statistics at a Glance 2018" JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 547 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) 2. OBJECTIVES  To identify the importance of religious tourism in India.  To study the issues and challenges of religious tourism in India. 3. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM Tourism goes about as a critical empowering agent in encouraging improvement of fundamental infrastructural offices, produces salary for the nearby network just as the administration, balances provincial advancement methodologies through 'umbrella' impact, and cultivates harmony and socio-social amicability. In any case, tourism improvement in any district should be controlled to anticipate the negative effects. Serious issues and challenges include: 1) Infringement of Carrying Capacity: Most strict focuses in the nation, major or minor, experience the ill effects of short yet serious seasons that modify the elements of the locale for the remainder of the year. The Char Dham Yatra in Uttarakhand is one such model. Enduring from May till about November, it puts a genuine weight upon the vehicle framework of the Garhwal district, which combined with the rainstorm and a great deal of street development still under progress infer avalanches, which means visit detours, mishaps and death toll. 2) Waste Management: To some degree a subordinate of the issue of conveying limit, the waste administration issue has disturbed as science and innovation developed to usher us into the 'period of plastic'. 3) Air Pollution: The sheer volume of movement in this specialty makes the figures staggering. While prepares still figure out how to assimilate a dominant part of the movement volume, a serious considerable number of significant strict tourism locales in India are still just open by street or foot, or a mix of the two (take the instance of sloping areas). 4) Monetizing Religion: In the race for creating whatever number specialties as would be prudent, there is regularly the issue of religion being 'adapted', as the host network gets progressively determined by the 'benefit intention'. 5) Lack of investigation of strict trusts: There is a need to advance guidelines which oversees the budgetary status and guideline of strict trusts as it hopes to relieve worldwide worries about tax evasion and fear monger financing exercises. Such a law will likewise make ready to make open names of associations that case charge exclusion to guarantee more JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 548 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) prominent straightforwardness. This is particularly pivotal in a situation when a portion of India's strict trusts are among the most extravagant on the planet. The present discussion runs around the way that the money related profit from strict tourism are insufficient to counterbalance its socio-ecological effects. In any case, it must be remembered that the impacts of tourism action work in different planes, from straightforwardly influencing the nearby economy to affecting choices at the arrangement confining level. 4. CONCLUSION Tourism acts as a crucial enabler in facilitating development of basic infrastructural facilities, generates income for the local community as well as the government, balances regional development strategies through 'umbrella' effect, and fosters peace and socio-cultural harmony. However, tourism development in any region needs to be regulated to prevent the negative impacts. The study concludes that there is a continuum of spirituality inherent in tourism though it is related to tourists’ experiences. Various policies should be made to encourage the tourists from various parts of the globe. Indian tourism should utilize the internet facility and create awareness among the people about religious tourism. The government need to work earnestly with a commitment to develop and sustain the religious tourism spots. REFERENCES Websites: 1. https://www.holidify.com/collections/holy-religious-places-in-india 2. http://ficci.in/spdocument/20207/diverse-beliefs-tourism-of-faith.pdf 3. https://www.tourmyindia.com/blog/top-25-religious-tourism-places-in-india/ 4. https://www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4088740.html 5. https://www.visittnt.com/blog/top-religious-pilgrimage-destinations-india/ Articles: 1. The Significance of Religious Tourism, Dr. Radhika Kapoor, International Journal of Applied Research, 3(1), 737-740. 2018 2. Griffin, K., & Raj, R. (2017). The Importance of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage: Reflecting on Definitions, Motives and Data. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 5(3), 1-8. Retrieved October 07, 2018 from http://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/4940/6/TheImportanceofReligiousTourismandPilgrimagePV-RAJ.pdf 3. Shanthakumari, R. (2017). Challenges and Opportunities of Spiritual Tourism in India. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(1), 737-740. Retrieved October 08, 2018 from http://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2017/vol3issue1/PartJ/3-4-173-131.pdf 4. Diverse Beliefs: Tourism of Faith. Religious Tourism Gains Ground. (2012). Retrieved October 08, 2018 from http://ficci.in/spdocument/20207/diverse-beliefs-tourism-of-faith.pdf 5. Cevallos, M.C.R. (2016). Religious Tourism. National Tourism Guide. Retrieved October 07, 2018 from http://190.95.226.74/bitstream/45000/199/1/RELIGIOUS%20TOURISM.pdf JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 549 © 2019 February 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Books: 1. Aerni.M.J: The Social Effects of Tourism; Current Anthropology, (13), 1972. 2. Bhatia A.K.: Tourism in India; Sterling Publisher, New Delhi, 1978. 3. Cohen Eric: Towards a sociology of International Tourism; 1972. 4. Donald E: Tourism Marketing and management issues; Macmillan, Washington, 1980. 5. Edward Anthony: International Tourism Development Forecasts to 1990; the Economic Intelligence Unit, London. JETIR1902C78 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 550