(PDF) Zehbari, 2024, The Goldsmiths, Who Wrought the Gold, Those Were Medes and Egyptians: An Investigation of the Goldsmiths in the Achaemenid Period (in Persian) (زرگرهایی که بر طلا کار میکردند، آنها مادی و مصری بودند)

࢙ϟ ϕϩΟϪॽΨ৯ϩ ΋Ψ೯Ϟฬଘ ‫ﮐﺎرﻧﺎ َﻣﮓ ﭘﺎرﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻋﻠﻤﻰ–ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﯿﺮاث ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﺨﺖ ﺟﻤﺸﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدآورى و ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻤﯿﺪ ﻓﺪاﯾﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﯿﻞ دﻟﺸﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﻧﺎز ﺑﺮدﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺟﻮاد اوﻻد ﺣﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮان‪1402 .‬‬ ‫عنوان و نام پدید آور‪:‬‬ ‫مشخصات نشر‪:‬‬ ‫مشخصات ظاهری‪:‬‬ ‫شابک‪:‬‬ ‫وضعیت فهرست نویسی‪:‬‬ ‫یادداشت‪:‬‬ ‫یادداشت‪:‬‬ ‫عنوان دیگر‪:‬‬ ‫موضوع‪:‬‬ ‫موضوع‪:‬‬ ‫موضوع‪:‬‬ ‫موضوع‪:‬‬ ‫شناسه افزوده‪:‬‬ ‫شناسه افزوده‪:‬‬ ‫ردهبندی کنگره‪:‬‬ ‫ردهبندی دیویی‪:‬‬ ‫شماره کتابشناسی ملی‪:‬‬ ‫کارنامگ پارسه ‪:‬مجموعه مقاالت علمی پژوهشی پایگاه میراث جهانی تخت جمشید‪ /‬گردآوری و‬ ‫تدوین حمید فدایی‪ [...‬و دیگران]‪.‬‬ ‫تهران؛ نشر پرثوآ؛ ‪1402‬‬ ‫‪۶۶0‬ص‪ :.‬مصور(بخشی رنگی)‪،‬نقشه(رنگی)‪.‬‬ ‫‪978-۶22-۶771-۶8-9‬‬ ‫فیپا‬ ‫گردآوری و تدوین حمید فدایی‪،‬سهیل دلشاد‪،‬مهرناز بردبار‪،‬محمدجواد اوالدحسین‪.‬‬ ‫کتابنامه‪.‬‬ ‫مجموعه مقاالت علمی پژوهشی پایگاه میراث جهانی تخت جمشید‪.‬‬ ‫تخت جمشید ‪ --‬آثار تاریخی ‪ --‬مقالهها و خطابهها‬ ‫‪Persepolis (Iran)-- Antiquities -- *Addresses, essays, lectures‬‬ ‫ایران ‪ --‬آثار تاریخی ‪ --‬مقالهها و خطابهها‬ ‫‪Iran -- Antiquities -- *Addresses, essays, lectures‬‬ ‫فدایی‪ ،‬حمید‪- 1۳۵1 ،‬‬ ‫پایگاه میراث جهانی تخت جمشید‬ ‫‪DSR۵۵‬‬ ‫‪9۵۵/۶۳7‬‬ ‫‪942۳44۳‬‬ ‫کارنا َمگپارسه‪:‬‬ ‫مجموعه مقاالت علمی ‪ -‬پژوهشی‬ ‫پایگاه میراث جهانی تختجمشید‬ ‫گردآوری و تدوین‬ ‫حمید فدایی ـ سهیل دلشاد ـ مهرناز بردبار ـ محمدجواد اوالد حسین‬ ‫ویراستار بخش فارسی‪ :‬شهرناز اعتمادی‬ ‫ویراستار بخش انگلیسی‪ :‬راین کینگ‬ ‫صفحهآرایی‪ :‬فریده دیوباد‬ ‫لیتوگرافی‪ :‬راپید گرافیک‬ ‫ویراستار فنی و ناظر پروژه‪ :‬علیاصغر طاهری صفیآبادی‬ ‫مدیر هنری‪ :‬آتلیه راونیز‬ ‫شمارگان‪ 100 :‬نسخه‬ ‫نوبت چاپ‪ :‬اول ‪1402‬‬ ‫شابک‪ 6 :‬ـ ‪ 22‬ـ ‪ 5827‬ـ ‪ 622‬ـ ‪978‬‬ Z¿Ä»|¬» {¹Y|»,|¿Y|¿Y{ÂyxËZeÄ¯Êf6¸» dYÉÂ»Mc^{xËZedÌ¼ÅYÁÃ|ËZ§ ÉZÅÂ¯ ½ZÌ» Y dY ¹Zm§Z¿ Á h^ ÉY|» ] yq Á cZÅZ^fY Y°e µZu ÊÅZÀÅZ½YÁ{YÊÀ Ë,Z]Ë{YÄ¯dYÊ¿ZfZ]Â¯ZÆÀe½YËY,Z »½YÁ{ ÁÄZaÆ dYÃ{Â]½ZÆm¶¸»ËZZ]ÊfÁ{Át¸5Ê¿ZÆmY{gYÌ»,ÊÀ»ZzÅ ÈÌÀ]Y]¶¼f»,ÊÀ»ZzÅÊÅZÀÅZ\¸«½YÂÀ ]|Ì¼mdzeÃZ´fzeZyÂÄ] ºÅÁ{ÂÊ»[Âv»½ZfZ]½ZÆm¶¸»½|»M{³{Z¼¿ºÅÄ¯dYÉ{§Ä]vÀ» ,ÉZ¼ »{ YÊÀ»ZzÅ½ZÅZZÅ½M O{ÁÄZaÊÀ»ZzÅ½YË|»d«{Áº¿ 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{YÂm|¼v»f¯{,{Z·{¶ÌÆf¯{,Z]{]Z¿Æ»º¿Zy[Zf¯¾ËY¾ËÁ|eÁÉZfYËÁ Ê¿Y{|«ÉZm²ÀÌ¯¾ËYÁÉ{Z¼fYZ¿Æº¿Zy,É{ÁÁ{Ê^fn»ÉZ«MÁ¾Ìu{Z·ÁY ,É|YÊ¸|¼uYf¯{½ZËZ«MÃ|Æ]ÄÂ¼n»¾ËYcZ·Z¬»ÉÁY{ÁÃÁZ» {Y{½YÁY§ Â§Áa,Ân»wÅZf¯{,{Z·{¶ÌÆf¯{,|À¼¿Y{ZZaf¯{,Ê·Z¼mZ¼Ì¿f¯{ º¿ZyÁÊ¿Zy|¼v»ÁÂ¯f¯{,²ÀÌ¯¾ËYf¯{,É|ÅYs§f¯{º¿Zy,Ê4Â¿ZË{M ÊuY {{³Ê»ÉY´ZbÄ¿Z¼Ì¼½Z³]¾ËYÄ¼ÅYÄ¯{Â]ÊËYÌ»ZfËMf¯{ Ë|» É{Z]MÊ¨ ÉÅZ ¤YÊ¸ f¯{ Z¸e Z] m [Zf¯ ¾ËY ªÌ«{ _Zq Á ÊËZÆ¿ ½ZÌ»Y³¾ËYÄ¼ÅYÄ¯|Ê¼¿Ì»Ì¿ÁYÄÌ¸eM{½ZËY½YZ°¼ÅÁMÂiacYZf¿Y {ÂÊ»Ê¿Y{|«Á°eÌ¿ ÊËY|§|Ì¼u É´{³ÁÊ´ÀÅ§gYÌ»ÃZ´ÅÁaÊ¼¸dXÌÅÂ |Ì¼mdzeÊ¿ZÆmgYÌ»ÃZ´ËZaª]ZË|» ‫فهرست مطالب فارسی‬ ‫کاوش آبراه آجری حیاط ‪71‬خزانة تختجمشید ‪7 ........................................‬‬ ‫احمدعلی اسدی‪ ،‬مجید منصوری‬ ‫مهندسی دفع آبهای سطحی در دورة هخامنشی‪ :‬موردپژوهی ساختمان ‪ A‬در برزن‬ ‫جنوبی تختجمشید ‪17 ............................. ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫علی اقرء‬ ‫بررسی و شناسایی محوطههای حریم یک تختجمشید ‪71 ........................................‬‬ ‫وحید بارانی‪ ،‬علی احمدی‪ ،‬علیاکبر صادقی‪ ،‬وحید یونسی‪ ،‬پگاه منوچهری‬ ‫دشت مرغاب در دوره نوسنگی‪ :‬تل سنگی ‪701......................... ................................‬‬ ‫مرتضی خانی پور‪ ،‬حمیدرضا کرمی‪ ،‬فرهاد زارع کردشولی‪ ،‬حامد مولایی کردشولی‬ ‫رونوشت دوم از نسخة بابلی کتیبة خشیارشای هخامنشی (‪ :)XPf‬به همراه متن‪ ،‬تحلیل‬ ‫و ترجمه ‪721............ ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫سهیل دلشاد‬ ‫زرگرهایی که بر طلا کار میکردند‪ ،‬آنها مادی و مصری بودند‪ :‬پژوهشی دربارة‬ ‫فعالیت زرگرها در دورة هخامنشی ‪777..................................... ................................‬‬ ‫زهره زهبری‬ ‫سوزنیهای آرامی‪ -‬عبری نقشرستم‪ ،‬روی نگارة دیهیمستانی اردشیر پابگان ‪791......‬‬ ‫ابراهیم شفیعی‬ ‫فارس خاستگاه ایدئولوژیک هنر هخامنشی ‪241........................ ................................‬‬ ‫علیرضا عسکری چاوردی‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش اوﻟﯿﮥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ اول ﭘﺮوژة »ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﭘﺎرﺳﻪ« ‪211..................................‬‬ ‫لوکا کلٌیوا‪ ،‬عماد متین‬ ‫نقشة شهری «اقامتگاههای سلطنتی» فارس هخامنشی‪ :‬پارسه‪ ،‬پاسارگاد و تموکّن ‪281‬‬ ‫عماد متین‬ ‫یادماننبشتههایی از دوران اسلامی در نقشرستم ‪179................. ................................‬‬ ‫محمدعلی مصلینژاد‪ ،‬محمدجواد اولادحسین‪ ،‬مجتبی دورودی‬ ‫دیوید برایان استروناخ‪ :‬کارنامة عمر ‪119................................... ................................‬‬ ‫مهرداد ملکزاده‬ ‫فهرست مطالب انگلیسی‬ ‫نکاتی در رابطه با «متون» میخی فارسی باستان بر فرشها ‪472 ............................‬‬ ‫رودیگر اشمیت‬ ‫روال های زبانی و نوشتاری در نظام اداری هخامنشی‪ :‬بازنگری برخی از دیدگاههای‬ ‫اخیر ‪414.................. ................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫آدریانو رُسی‬ ‫عبارات رایج یا نقل قول از متون؟ مورد کتیبة کرتیر بر کعبة زرتشت (‪418... )KKZ‬‬ ‫اولیویا رَمبل‬ ‫فرهنگ مادّی پارس هخامنشی در برلین‪ :‬پژوهشهای اخیر ‪498...............................‬‬ ‫الکساندر ناگِل‬ ‫«شترا ِن شاه» بین پارسه و بلخ ‪215............. ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫راین کینگ‬ ‫کارگاه مهرسازی در پارسه ‪806................. ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫مارک گریسون‬ ‫چندزبانگی هخامنشی و راهبردهای ترجمه در کتیبههای شاهی ‪778..........................‬‬ ‫اِلا فیلیپونه‬ ‫بارِ دیگر عمارت معروف به معبد فرترکهها‪ ،‬تختجمشید‪ :‬معبد شمایل متعلق به اوایل‬ ‫دوران هلنی ‪740........................................ ................................ ................................‬‬ ‫پیِیر فرانچسکو کالیری‬ É»ÁÉ{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯ÊËZÅ³ ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{{ZÅ³dÌ·Z §ÇZ]{ÊÅÁa|¿{Â] É^ÅÃÅ Ã|Ì°q µÂ¤»µZ½YYÅÊ,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯½Â³Z¿Â³cY¸§ÉÁÄ¯,ÉZÌ]ÉZÅ³¸§½YËY{ ÉZÅÉZ¨uZËÊfyZÀ½ZfZ]ÁZ¯{ÉÀÅiY{YÂ»\¸£Y{Ä¯ÊËZn¿MY |¿YÃ{Â]dÌ·Z § ZÅÅÁafÌ],dYÌqZ¿½M½Z³|¿ZdÌ·Z §]ÊÀf^»|ÅYÂÁ|ËMÊ»d{Ä]©ZqZ« ,Ä »Zm{ZÅ³¸§ºÆ»¬¿Ä]ÄmÂeZ]Á ZY¾ËY] dY,ZÅ³¸§Ä¿Á,É¸§ZiM{Â»{ ÂÄ]ÁÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{{³¸§½Y|À»ÀÅ,Ä·Z¬»¾ËYÂÂ» ,ZÅ½MdÌ¼ÅYacY|Ì·Âe¶Ì·{Ä] ,ÊÀ»ZzÅÉZÅ³{Â»{{ÂmÂ»^À»ZÆÀeÄ]½Y´ÅÁaZÅÄÅ{Ê dZÅ³Zy Ê]Ás»É|Ë|m|ÅYÂÄ·Z¬»¾ËY{Z»Y-|¿{¯Ê»Z¨f¯Y,ÂÉZÀ]ÊaÈ^Ìf¯ÊÀ Ë Ã{Â]´Ë{ÉZÅ³¸§YfÌ]ÊÀ»ZzÅÉZÅ³{¼f{|Å{Ê»½Z¿|ÅYÂ¾ËY {ÂÊ» ÉZÅ{]Z¯Z]½Â³Z¿Â³LZÌYÁ|¿{Â]ZÀMÉ³lËYÉÁZÀ§Z]Ê]ÂyÄ]ZÅ³¾ËY dY -É»,ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{{ÊZaÌ£ÉZÅ³½ZÌ»{ |ÀfyZÊ»ÊÀ»ZzÅZ]{ÉY]ÂÀf» |¿YÄfY{É{ÂÆ»ÂuZÅ É|Ì¸¯½Z³YÁ |Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÄf^¿¶³,ÂÉZÀ]ÊaÈ^Ìf¯,ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{,cY¸§,ZÅ³¸§,ZÅ³ {Y{ÃZYÂwZ¯½Y³Ä]Ä¯(DSf, DSz)ÂÉZÀ]ÊaÈ^Ìf¯YÄf§³] Philipps-Universität Marburg±Â]Z»bÌ¸Ì§ÃZ´¿Y{,Éf¯{Za´ÅÁa The Goldsmiths, Who Wrought the Gold, Those Were Medes and Egyptians: An Investigation of the Goldsmiths in the Achaemenid Period =RKUHK=HKEDUL $EVWUDFW Countless smiths, both local and foreign, were active in producing metalwork in ancient Iran over the course of thousands of years. Most studies of metalwork have focused on the metal artifacts and not on the artisans who made them, chiefly because it is the artifacts themselves that have been found during excavations and uncontrolled diggings and because little evidence is available for the activities of their makers. In recognition of the important role of smiths in the ancient societies of Iran, the present paper seeks to shed light on these craftsmen, with a special focus on the goldsmiths of the Achaemenid period. For decades, researchers have referred only to the limited evidence regarding Achaemenid goldsmiths found in the foundation charter; however, the present article will discuss fresh evidence indicating that the Achaemenid goldsmiths were paid more than other contemporary metalworkers, had great knowledge of gold working technology, and made a range of artifacts for the Persian court. It will also demonstrate that among the non-Persian goldsmiths, Egyptians played a key role. .H\ZRUGV Goldsmiths, Smiths, Metals, Achaemenid Period, Foundation Charter, Persepolis Tablets |¿{Â]É»ÁÉ{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯ÊËZÅ³ Ä»|¬» ½ZfZ]½YÁ{Y½MYÉ{ZËz]Ä¯,{Y{ZÌ]É¸§]ZÀ»Á½{Z »½YËY¾Ì» »½| »,¾ÅM½| »,Z¸½| »º¯d{ dYÄf§³Y«ÉY{]ÃÆ]{Â» Momenzadeh,dYÃ|ÊËZZÀ½YËY{ÉÁ/Ã¬¿/[½| »YÌ]Á 2004, pp. 12, 15, 17, 18, Figs. 3, 5, 7; Nezafati et al, 2008, pp. 78, 81; ÁÊfyZÀ½ZfZ]ÉZÅÊ]Helwing, 2018, p. 122; Stöllner, 2004, p. 45 {ªZÀ»¾Ì·ÁYY Ä¯,|Å{Ê»½Z¿½YËY{YÉ³¸§Ê¿Z·Â ÈÀÌÌaÊnÀ½ZfZ] ,Ê°Â» ¶e ,¯Ê¸Äbe dY Ã| Z£M ½M { É³¸§ ÉZÅdÌ·Z § Ä¯ dZÌ¿{ ÉZÅÄÂv» Y Ä¿Â¼¿ |Àq ¬§ ZuÄbe Á ½Zf^«Äbe ,ÊÌvËÄbe ,½Z¼ËY ,®¸ÌÄbe ,½Y³¸§ dYÃ|»Md{Ä]É³¸§ÉZÅdÌ·Z §|ÅYÂZÅ½M{Ä¯dY½YËYÊ¿ZfZ] »YÂm d§Ìa { Ê¼Æ» ÃZ´ËZm ,ÉÁZÀ§ f³ { É³¸§ ÊeZÌu ¬¿ ¶Ì·{ Ä] ½ZËY|y¬¿{ÊÅZ³¦¸fz»»YÂm{Á½Â³Z¿Â³YÁ{Y{½Z¿M¾ËY]ÃÁZ¸,|¿YÄfY{ Y½Z»Æ«¬¿{³¸§Ç|ÄfyZÀÁZ°MÈ¿Â¼¿½YËY{ |¿YÃ|ÅZ½Z¿Z»Æ«Á |Ë{½YÂeÊ»Ä»ZÀÅZ{´ÀÅMÇÁZ¯½ZfY{{ Ã|ÌÂaÊ¯],½ZfZ]½YÁ{{,ÊÀ»ZzÅÊÅZÀÅZ{Ã||Ì·ÂeÉ¸§ZiMcÆ Ä]Y\ÌM¾ËfÌ]ÊfyZÀ½ZfZ]ÉZÅÄf§ZËËZ¾Ì]{ÉYÃ¬¿ÁÊËZ¸LZÌY dÌ¿ \¸£Y{ÂyÉ{Z»Y¶Ì·{Ä]ZiM¾ËY |ÀÌ]Ê»½Y³Z¼¤ËÁ½ZËÂm{ÂcZ£¶Ì·{ d·ÂÆÉY]ZË{ÂÊ»Á§Á|ËyZËÄ¯,dYZn»Ì£ÉZÅÉZ¨uÊ¸Y¥|Å ¾Ì¼ÅÄ]-{ÂÊ»{Â]Z¿ÄÌ¼ÅÉY]½MÊeZ ·Z»È^Àm Á[Á}¶»Z¯ÂÄ] Á§{ YÊz]¬§,Ã|ÌZ»d{Ä]ÊÀ»ZzÅ½YÁ{YÄ¯,ÉYÃ¬¿ÁÊËZ¸LZÌY¶Ì·{ ZiM ¾Ì¼Å µZu ¾ËY Z] |¿YÄfyZ ÊÀ»ZzÅ ½Y³¸§ Ä¯ dY ÊËZÅÌq ½M È¼Å xËZeYÌa½YÁ{{É³¸§ÈÀÌÌaÄ]Ê¸¯ÃZ´¿ÉY] dYÃ|Ê]ZÅµZZÅÄÂv»¾ËY{É³¸§|ÅYÂ 2 Forbes, 1964, pp. 78-82 478 Thornton, 2009, Table.1 ½YËY |Ì¼mdzeÊ¿ZÆmgYÌ»ÃZ´ËZaÊÅÁaÊ¼¸cZ·Z¬»ÄZa²3»Z¿Z¯ ÂÂ» Ä¯ ,|Å{Ê» ½Z¿ Y ÃÁ{ ¾ËY ½Y³¸§ cZÆ» Ê]ÂyÄ] Ì¿ Ã|»Md{Ä] {Â»{ZÅÊ]Ê¿YÁY§{ÂmÁZ] dY Ã{Â]ÌyYÉZÅÃ|{ÉZÌ]ÉZÅÅÁa {,ZÅÄfyZd{¾ËY½Z³|¿Z,ZÅ³¸§{Â»{ÅÁa,ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{É¸§ZiM {Y{ZÌ]dÌ¼ÅYÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{ÉZÅ³¸§dÌ ÁÊ]Á¾ËYYÁdYÃYZ£M ZyÂÄ]ÁÊÀ»ZzÅÃÁ{ÉZÅ³¸§Z¯Ìv»Ä·Z¬»¾ËY{, ZY¾Ì¼Å] ÉZÅ³¸§ÂyÄ]Á½Y|À»ÀÅdÌ ÁY|f]Y ºËYÃ{¯Ê]ÁÉZZ]YZÅ³ Z]^e»Ê¸¤¾ËÁZÀ,ÊÀ»ZzÅ½Y³bÁÊ·Z¼mYÁÊ¸¯ÂÄ]YÃÁ{¾ËY -ºËYÃ{¯Ê]½Z¿MÉZ¯Ìv»ÁËYYYÉ´Ë{cZÌWmÁ½Z¿M{¼f{,ZÅ½M \¸£YÄ¯,dYÃ|Ã{ÁMÃÁ{¾ËYÉ|Ì·ÂeÉ¸§ZiMY ÉYÄZ¸y,½MYÌaZ»Y dYÃ|Ê»|Ì·Âe½Z´ËZa|À¸]Z¨Ä]ÁÄfY{ÉZ]{¥Z» ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{É¸§ZiMÄ]ÊÅZ´¿ LZÌYÁÃ{Â]ÂÀf»ÉZÅ{]Z¯Z]½Â³Z¿Â³cZ·Âv»dyZÉY]Y|§a{YÂ»Y¸§ ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{{¾ÅMÁ[,¡¨»,»,Ã¬¿,Z¸|À¿Z»¦¸fz»cY¸§Y½Â³Z¿Â³ dYËcÂÄ]LZÌY¾ËY{]Z¯ÈËZa]É{ZÆÀÌaÉ|À]Ä¬^ dYÃ||Ì·Âe ,ZÅZn¿ ,ZÅ³¸§ Ä¸¼mY ,½Y|À»ÀÅ Z¯ Á Ä§u Y]Y |À¿Z» ½Â³Z¿Â³ Y]Y x ÉÁZ¯Y]YÁ½Y³d ÀËZÁZÅYe²À Ê´ÀmcYÁ{YÁsZ¸ x Zehbari, forthcoming ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{ÉZÅ³¸§{Â»{ Schmidt, 1957, Pl. 80, 5, 81; Özgen and Öztürk, 1996, pp. 61, 231; Matin and Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Colliva, 2017, p. 261. Schmidt, 1957, Pl. 80Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Schmidt, 1957, Pl. 75, 76; Stronach, 1978, p. 218; Matin and Colliva, 2017, pp. Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] 220- 223 477 |¿{Â]É»ÁÉ{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯ÊËZÅ³ ÊfÀËZÀÁcYÅYÂm x Ã°ÌaÁÄ¼n» x ½Â³Z¿Â³¥Z»Z]ÃÂ¯ÁÄ·ZÌa|À¿Z»½Â³Z¿Â³¥Á x ½Z¼¸^»ÁÉZ¼ »Ä]Äf]YÁcZÀÌWe x Ä^Ìf¯ x Ä° x Æ» x ÉZ¯YÂ¶ËZÁÁÂ{Â,Ä¿Á|À¿Z»cÁZ¨f»ÉZÅ{]Z¯Z]´Ë{LZÌY x Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Schmidt 1957, Pl. 45, 46; Kantor, 1957; Amandry, 1958; Stronach, 1965, Pl. XIa-d; Stronach, 1978, pp. 200, 210, Pl. 158-160; Reade, 1986, p. 82, Fig. 2, Pl. IIIa, Cat. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 1992, p. 18; Harper et al, 1992, pp. 245-251; Rehm, 1992; 1993; 2014; IV a and g; Matin and Colliva, 2017, pp. 228- 230. Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Dalton, 1964; Moorey, 1988; Curtis, 2005; Tallis, 2005, p. 408; Mongiatti et al, 2010. Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Herzfeld, 1937; Schmidt, 1957, Pl. 68; Dalton, 1964; Stronach, 1965, Pl. XII a-c; 1978, pp. 202, 205, 206; Reade, 1986, p. 81, Fig. 1; Moorey, 1988; Gunter and Jett, 1992, pp. 63-77; Cat. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 1992, pp. 16-17; Özgen and Öztürk, 1996, pp. 83113; Simpson, 2005; Treister, 2010; Rehm,2010; 2013 Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Schmidt, 1957, Pl. 39, 42, 43; Dalton, 1964; Curtis, 2005; Curtis and Razmjou, 2005, pp. 101102, Figs. 91, 94. Schmidt, 1953, p. 7; Curtis, 2005Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Head, 1877; Bivar, 1985; Stronach, 1989; Vargyas, 2000; Alram, 2012; Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Schmidt, 1957, Pl. 18, PT5 808, PT3 60, PT5 734Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] .Meadow, 2005, pp. 194-195 :Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] ۸ Melikan-Chirvani, 1993; Özgen and Öztürk, 1996, pp. 114-120Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] Tallis, 2005, pp. 218-219Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY] 476 |Ì¼mdzeÊ¿ZÆmgYÌ»ÃZ´ËZaÊÅÁaÊ¼¸cZ·Z¬»ÄZa²3»Z¿Z¯ ¾ËelËY Á|ÀfY{ÊËZÀMÊ]ÂyÄ]É³¸§½Â³Z¿Â³ÉZÅÃÂÌZ]ÊÀ»ZzÅ½Y³¸§ ,ÉZ¯Äfm],Ã|¼³¹Â»Á,É³ÄfzË¶»ZÃÁ{¾ËY{Ã{Z¨fY{Â»½ÂÀ§ Ã|»Md{Ä]LZÌYÊ] ZY]\¸£YÄ¯,{Â]ÉZ¯ºÌv·Á,ÉZ¯°q,Ê¿¼¸« Ê¿Y|ÀqcZZ¸YÊfyZÀ½ZfZ]ÉZÅÁZ¯{Ä¿Z¨Pf» dYÃ|ÊËZZÀÃÁ{¾ËYY Z»Y,Ã|»ZÌ¿d{Ä]É³¸§ÉZÅÃZ³Z¯ZËÃÁ{¾ËY½Y³¸§Ç{Z¨fY{Â» ÉZÅY]YY dYÃ|Y³¾ËYYÌaÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{{É³¸§|ÀËY§Z]^e» É|ÅYÂ ÉZÅÁZ¯ Y Ä¯ dY ¶° Ä·ZÂ³ ÁZ³ ¬¿ Z] Ê·Z¨ \·Z« |» ¾Ì·ÁY Schmidt, 1953, p. 174; 1957, p. 79, PT4 dY Ã|»Md{Ä] |Ì¼mdze Ä¯ÊËZn¿MYÁÃ|Ê»Ã{Z¨fYÃ|º³¹Â»ÇÂÌÄ]{ZËµZ¼fuYÄ]\·Z«¾ËYY 585 {ÂmÁ µZ¼fuY È¿Z¿ ºÌ¬f»Ì£ Â Ä] ,Äf§Ê» Z¯ Ä] É³¸§ ÉY] ZÅ\·Z« ¾ËY ´Ë{|»|ÀqZ]¿¾ËY dY½M¥YY ZË|Ì¼mdze{É³¸§ÉZÅÃZ³Z¯ µZ¼ { É¸§ ÇZ] |Àq Ä¸¼m Y ,Ã|»M d{ Ä] |Ì¼mdze ¥YY { Ä¯ {É³¸§ YÉ|ÅYÂ¾ÌÀr¼ÅÁEmami, 2015; 2018, p. 158|Ì¼mdze Askari Chaverdi and Callieri, 2012, p. 234; |Ì¼mdzeÊ]£ ÉZÅz] Ä] |¸¨eÅd¿YÈ»Z¿{¾ËY]ÃÁZ¸ {ÂÊ»dËÂ¬e Emami, 2018, p. 162 ¶ËÁM xËZe Ä] ,Â³Z°Ì ÊZÀ© ÈR» d«Á Ë|» ,|fË] ÉÀÅ ¼Ìm Gunter, 1995, p. 1546fÌ]cZvÌÂeÉY]- Casting Armbruster, 2005, p. 135; 2010, pp. 397, 399fÌ]cZZ¸YÉY], Lost wax technique Armbruster, 2005, p. 135; Mongiatti et al, 2010, p. 34chasingcY¸§ÉZ¯d^À»ZË Gunter and Jett, 1992, p. 252fÌ]cZZ¸YÉY]-Repoussé Gunter, 1995, p. 1546; Armbruster, 2005, p. 135fÌ]cZZ¸YÉY]-Hammering techniques Armbruster, 2005, p. 135; 2010, p. 400; Mongiatti et al, 2010, p. 32fÌ]cZZ¸YÉY]-Soldering 7 Ernst Herzfeld. 8 James Henry Breasted. Ê¿ZfZ]ÉZÅ²ÀÅ§cZ ·Z»ÄÂ»|Ë|m¹Z¿Z] The Oriental Institute of Chicagoª]ZÊZÀ©ÄÂ». Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures of the University of ChicagoÂ³Z°ÌÃZ´¿Y{Ä]Äf]YÁ 475 |¿{Â]É»ÁÉ{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯ÊËZÅ³ ÃZ³Z¯0Z·Z¼fuYÄ¯Ã|ÃZY|Ì¼mdzeÈ¨µZ¼{ÉZ¼ »ÉZÅÃZÄ], ,ÃÂ¯|À¿Z»|ÅYÂÊy]z]¾ËYÁZ¯{Ä¯|Å{Ê»tÌÂeÉÁ dYÃ{Â]É³ dYÃ|d§ZËÊf¼Ì«Ä¼Ì¿ÉZÅ²ÀÁZ¸cZ « ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{½Y|À»ÀÅ ½ZfZ]½YÁ{{½Y³d ÀÊ¸¯ÂÄ]Á½Y|À»ÀÅdÌ Á{Â»{ÅÁaÉY] ½YÁ{½Y|À»ÀÅÊZ¼fmYÌv»Á Z¯ËY Z]^e»¦ËZ e´ÅÁa dY¹Z· Á|]Z »d»|y{\¸£Y½ZfZ]½YÁ{{½Y|À»ÀÅ |À¯Á{{Ây¾Å}YYZ » {ÁRoot, 1994, p. 29 ¾ÌÀr¼Å-Matthews, 1995, p. 456|¿{Â]½ZÅZ ZÅ²À§,´Ë{ªZÀ»Ä]YZÅ½MYÊy]ÊÅZ³ÁÄfY{dÌ·Z §cÁZ¨f»ÉZ¯ËY Bertman, 2003, p. |¿{¯Ê»¹YYÉÀÅÉZÅZ¯ÉYmYÉY],½Z¿MÃZ³{YYeÁ{ {Ê»YY¾ÌÀqZ°MÈ¿Â¼¿ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{{ 214; McIntosh, 2005, p. 233 Ä]Ä¯{ÂÊ»Ã|Ë{Âz»|À»ÀÅ½|¿Y{³]ÉY],»_YeZ,¹ZMÂf{ Á½Y|À»ÀÅÊZ¼fmYdÌ ÁÄ¯|Å{Ê»½Z¿|ÅYÂ {Â]Ã|Ã{Zf§É´Ë{ÉZm ½MÄ]ZËZ¯Ä]µÂ¤»½M{Ä¯ÄfY{Ê´f]É¯Y»ÁZÅ½M½Z^ÌfaÄ]½Y³d À d·À»ÁZ^fYÊ¸Y¶»Z0Z»Á·ZÅ½MÊzZ¯dÌ¨Ì¯´Ë{cZ^Ä] |¿{Â]Äf]YÁ {¼f{½YÌ»ÊfuÁZ^fY¾¼f»,|¿{¯Ê»d»|y½M{Ä¯ÊËZmÄ°¸],Ã{Â^¿ZÅ½M 1 Nagel, 2018, p. 384. |À¾ËYÈ ·Z»ÉY] Grelot, 1972, p. 318, no. 70; Whitehead, 1974, pp. 84-89; Root, 1979, p. 23; Roaf, 1980, pp. 72, 74, n.3; Porten and Yardeni, 1986; Taylor, 2020, p. 41, TADAE A6.12; Tuplin, 2020a; 2020b; Zehbari, 2021. Z¯ZÅ½MÉY] ½Y³d ÀËZÁ½Y|À»ÀÅÄ¯dYÊ¿Z»ZÁ{ZÆ¿ZËz (Patron)½Z^ÌfaYÂÀ» |¿YÃ{Â]|]Z »ÁZÅZ]{½ZfZ]½YÁ{{½Y³d ÀÁ½Y|À»ÀÅÊ¸Y½Z^Ìfa\¸£Y |¿YÃ{¯Ê» 474 |Ì¼mdzeÊ¿ZÆmgYÌ»ÃZ´ËZaÊÅÁaÊ¼¸cZ·Z¬»ÄZa²3»Z¿Z¯ Êf{ÃÌq0Z»Á·Ä¿Á/½Y|À»ÀÅ½Z^ÌfaZ]{¼f{½YÌ»Z^eY{Â»{ dYÃ{Â]ZÅ½M dYd{{|Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÄf^¿¶³YÉ|ÅYÂ/½Z¿M ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{½Y³¸§ ÉZÀ]ÊaÉZÅÄ^Ìf¯Ä]Ä¯,Ã|»Md{Ä] ÄmÂe¶]Z«È^Ìf¯|ÀqÂÉZÅÁZ¯{ ÂËY{ dY A2SaÁDSaa,DSz,DSfÈ^Ìf¯ZÆq¶»ZÁ{Y{cÆÂwZ¯ ¾zÂwZ¯½Z³|¿ZÁ½Y|À»ÀÅY,ZÅÄ^Ìf¯¾ËY½ZÌ»YDSzÁDSfÈ^Ìf¯Á{{ ÇÁ{ ½Y|À»ÀÅ Ê] ÉY] µÁY d{ ]ZÀ» ¾Ì·ÁY ÉZfÂ¿ |ÅYÂ ¾ËY |ËÂ³Ê» |Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÊ¿Z´ËZ]¦¯Z»Y ,Ã|Ì½Y´ÅÁad{ Ä]Ä¯dY ÊÀ»ZzÅ |À¼YÊ¿Z´ËZ]Á{ {Â³ÃÁ{¾ËY½Y|À»ÀÅ{Â»{ÅÁaÉY]YÉ|Ë|mÈrË{ {Â» { ÅÁa { ÊZY ¬¿ ,Ä¿Yy Á ÁZ] ÉZÅÊ¿Z´ËZ] ¶»Z ,|Ì¼mdze d¿Y Z» { Y ÁZ] Ê¿Z´ËZ] {Y{ ÊÀ»ZzÅ ÇÁ{ ½Â³Z¿Â³ cZÂÂ» Ã|»Md{Ä]ÉZÅÄf^¿¶³{Y| eÉÁ d§ZË,|Ì¼mdzeÉÁZ]{ÁZ¯Ê,|¸¨eÅ ,ÉÂ¨»Ê¬e|¼v» Azzoni et al, 2017-¶°{¾Ì¼zeYÅYfÌ]Y {YZÅÄf^¿¶³È¼ÅÄ¯{ÂÊ»¯~f»,|Ì¼mdze{½Z»½MÊZÀ½ZfZ]Ç|ÀËZ¼¿ Y«,{Â]Ã|ºÅY§ÁZ¯dXÌÅ¥YÄ¯,Ä^ÀaÁÊËYÂ¬»ÉZÅÊÂ«{¦¯½Z» 2 The foundation charter. ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{½Y³¸§| ]z] |Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÄf^¿¶³{Â»{ ZÅÄ^Ìf¯¾ËY{Â»{fÌ]cZZ¸YÉY]¾ÌÀr¼Å Scheil, 1929; Kent, 1933, pp. 1-23; 1950; Hinz, 1950, pp. 1-7; Vallat, 1971, pp. 53-59; 2010b, pp. 300-317; Steve, 1974, pp. 135-169; 1987; Herrenschmidt, 1983, pp. 177-179; GrillotSusini, 1990, pp. 213-222; Schmitt, 2009. 4 The Persepolis Fortification Archive (PFA). 5 The Persepolis Treasury Archive (PTA). Ê¿Z´ËZ]Á{¾ËY{Â»{ÄËZacZZ¸YÉY] Cameron, 1948; 1958; 1965; Schmidt, 1957; Hallock, 1969; Henkelman, 2008; 2013; Azzoni et al, 2017. 473 |¿{Â]É»ÁÉ{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯ÊËZÅ³ ÈR» Ä] Êf¯ Z] Y ZÅÄf^¿¶³ b - , ,ÉÂ¨» |¿{Y{ ¦¯Y a µZ|Àq Henkelman, 2008, p.72|¿{Zf§Â³Z°ÌÊZÀ© ÉZÅÁZ¯Ê ,dÌ¼Y®ËYYÄ¿YyÊ¿Z´ËZ],Ze µZY,ÁZ] Ê¿Z´ËZ] ÁÄf°Áº·ZÈf^¿¶³ ¶»ZÄ¯,{ÁMd{Ä]|Ì¼mdzeÈ¿Yy½Z¼fyZ Schmidt, 1953, p. 174; 1957, p. 5; Henkelman, 2013, {Â]Æ4»¶³¾ÌÀr¼Å p. 534 ,dY ÊÀ»ZzÅ Ê»Z¸ËY ½Z] Ä] ½M fÌ] Ä¯ |Ì¼mdze ÉZÅÄf^¿¶³ ÈÂ¼n» ,\Å~» |À¿Z» ,ÊÀ»ZzÅ ÇÁ{ { ½Â³Z¿Â³ cZÂÂ» ÇZ]{ ÊËZÆ^¿Y³ cZZ¸Y Á ÉY{Y ½Y|À»Z¯ ,ÉY{Y cZ¬^ ,½Â³Z¿Â³ ¶£Z» ,ÉÀÅ ÉZÅze ,½Y|À»ÀÅ Á ÊÀ»ZzÅ ½Z¿ ,½Â³Z¿Â³ ÉZÅdÌ»Â« ,Ã{Z¨fY {Â» ÉZÅÌ» Á ZÅÃ{Zm ,ÉZ]{ Z»ZÅÄf^¿¶³¾ËY,\Ìee¾Ì¼ÅÄ] {Y~³Ê»ZÌfyY{,´Ë{^e»cZÂÂ»ÉZÌ] ZÅ³¡¨» ZÅ´»,ZÅZ¯Ã¬¿,ZÅ³¶»Z½Â³Z¿Â³ÉZÅ³¸§dÌ·Z §ÁÂuYY {Y| e |À¿Z» ÊeZÌWm ,ZÅÄf^¿¶³ ¾ËY { |À¯Ê» ÃZ³M ÊÀ»ZzÅ ÇÁ{ Y ZÅ´ÀÅM Á {¼f{ ÇÌmÄ¯ ÊËZÅ¶v»,|¿YÃ{¯¨Ä¯ÊËZÅÌ»,{Y§Y¾ËY dÌÀm,½Y³¸§ Ã|»MÃÌm½YÌ»ÁZ¯xËZe,|¿YÃ{Â]Z¯Ä]µÂ¤»ZÅ½M{ZË|¿YÃ{¯d§ZË{Y{Ây ½ZÌ»¾ËYYÄ¯,Ã|ÃZY½Y³¸§Ä]|Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÊ¿Z´ËZ]YÄf^¿¶³{ dY µÁ|mdY½Y³Ä]Â]»{Â» ÉZ¯¾ËÁZÀÁzeÊÀ»ZzÅÉZÅ³ Ê·Z¼z]{ZÅ½M\¸£YÄ¯ ,dYÉY{]ÃÆ]¶]Z«½YËY{½| »Ã{Ì{Z¸ ½YÁ{YZ¸kYzfYÁÉY{]ÃÆ]YÉ|ÅYÂ½{Z »¾ËYÈ¼Å{0Z^Ë¬e {Y{Y«½YËY ½Á¼¯ kÂm ÈfÂ¿ |Ì¼mdze È¿Yy ÉZÅÄf^¿¶³ [Zf¯ Y Êz] ÉÂ¨» Ê¬e|¼v» ¾ÌÀr¼Å dYÃ{¯fÀ»ÉÂ¨» ZaºÌ¸«Y[Zf¯{ÁÄ¼meÊZ§Ä]Y(Cameron, 1948) 2 Erich Schmidt. 472 |Ì¼mdzeÊ¿ZÆmgYÌ»ÃZ´ËZaÊÅÁaÊ¼¸cZ·Z¬»ÄZa²3»Z¿Z¯ Momenzadeh, 2004, p. 17, Fig. 7; Helwing, 2018, p. {Y{{ÂmÁ½ZfZ] Ê^Ì¯e¾ÌÀq Á|ËMÊ»d{Ä]ºÅZÀ¯{»ÁZ¸ÊÅZ³Ä¯{¯ÄmÂe|ËZ] 122 (Momenzadeh, 2004, p. 17, Fig. {ÂÊ»kYzfY½YËY{½| »YÌ]{ »/Z¸ËZy}ÁÊ Ì^ÉZ¸dY f{{½YËY{Z¸^À»Á{¾ËY]ZÀ],7) Zv¿YÁZÌfyY{\¸£YZ¸ Ä¿ZÌ»ÂM½YÁ{{Ä¯|Å{Ê»½Z¿[Âf°»|ÅYÂ |¿YÄfY|¿Êf{Z¸ËZy}Ä]½Y|Àq d»Â°uÄ]Äf]YÁÌ£{Y§YÁÃ{Â]d»Â°u d{{ÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{YY|»Á|ÅYÂÄ¿Â³¾ËYÄ¿Z¨Pf» Llop, 2018, p. 248 {ZËµZ¼fuYÄ]Ä¯¾ËY{ÂmÁZ] dYÃ|¿¾ÁZ»]Z¸Ä]Êf{dÌ ÁÁÃ{Â^¿ Êa È^Ìf¯{ÂËY{ ,Ã{Â]ÉY{]ÃÆ]{Â»Ì¿ÊÀ»ZzÅ ÇÁ{{½YËY ÉZ¸½{Z » {,ÂËY{ |¿YÃ{ÁMx¸]Á{ZYYÂwZ¯ÉZ¸Ä¯{ÂÊ»¯~f»ÂÉZÀ] ÁwZ¯{Ã|Äf§³Z¯Ä]t·Z»,ÂwZ¯dyZ|¿ÁYÉYÃ|Ì°qÄ] ,Ä^Ìf¯¾ËY Ä¯dY¯}½ZËZ |¿YÃ{¯Ê»dÌ·Z §wZ¯¾ËY{Ä¯|À¯Ê»ÃZYÊ¿Y|À»ÀÅdÌ»Â« ªÌ«{Á»ZmÉÂ´·Y|ËZ^¿,Ã|»MÄ^Ìf¯¾ËY{Ä¯ÉÂv¿Ä],Y½Y|À»ÀÅÉZ°¼ÅÇÂv¿ ÂÄ]ÊÀ»ZzÅÉZwZ¯ ÇÂÌ{Äf^·Y|ÁÂ.ÉZÅwZ¯dyZÉY]Êfu Y~³ÁÊ¸¯cÂÄ]cZÌWmÄ^Ìf¯¾ËY{Ä¯dY{¿{|ËZ] d§³¿{Ê¸¯ ,{ÂÊ»ÃZY»YÃ¬¿¶¼uÄ]¾f»¾ËY{Ä¯Ê·Zu{Ä¿Â¼¿ÉY]-dYÃ|½ZÌ] º¯Ä^Ìf¯¾ËYYYÄmÁpÌÅÄ]»Y¾ËYÄf^·Y dYÃ|»ZÌ¿ÊÀzZÅZ¯Ã¬¿{Â»{ ¿{ÃÁ{¾ËY½Y|À»ÀÅÊ]ÉY]Ê¸YZ¸»Á|»ZÆÀeY½M|ËZ^¿Z»Y,|À¯Ê¼¿ ºÌÀ¯Ê]Ì¿YÉ´Ë{|ÅYÂÁY|»dY¹Z·Ád§³ É{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯Ê¿Y³|À¯Ê»½ZÌ]YZ°MÄ^Ìf¯¾ËY{ÂËY{ cÂÄ]Ä^Ìf¯ÊÀ»ZzÅÊ»Z¸ËY Èz¿{ {Y§Y¾ËYÉZ¯ze |¿{Â]É»Á dYÃ|»MË 471 |¿{Â]É»ÁÉ{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯ÊËZÅ³ ‘DIŠLÚ lašda kazip akkabe AŠlašda hutašda’ dYÃ|»M¾ÌÀq,Ì¿Ä^Ìf¯¾ËY½ZfZ]ÊZaÈz¿{,Ê»Z¸ËYÈz¿]ÃÁZ¸ ‘martiyƗ daraniyakarƗ tayai֐ daraniyam akunavaša’ (Kent, 1933, p. 8; Schmitt, 2009, p. 145). |¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸ÉÁÄ¯Ê¿Y³{ÂÊ»Ä¼meÂ¾ËYÄ¯ ÁZÅ³{Â»{,ÂÉZÀ]ÊaÈ^Ìf¯{Ä¯dYÊeZZ¸Y¶¯«YÁ{ºÌf¨³Är¿M ½|»MÊ°Ë,Ä^Ìf¯¾ËYºÆ»Èf°¿Á{ dYÃ|»MÊÀ»ZzÅÇÁ{ÉZÅ³¸§{Â»{¶¯{ wZ¯{Ä¯dYÊ¿Y³YÊy]dÌ»Â«½|z»É´Ë{Á³Ê¸¤½YÂÀ { Ä¯ ºÌÅ{Ê» tÌÂe Ä»Y{Y { |¿YÃ{Â] Z¯ Ä] µÂ¤» ÂËY{ ÇÁ{ { Â Ä] ^e» ÉZÅdÌ·Z § Á ZÅ³ Ä] É´Ë{ ½Z³YÁ Z] Ì¿ |Ì¼mdze ÉZÅÄf^¿¶³ ÂÉZÀ]ÊaÈ^Ìf¯{Är¿M|À¿Z»,É»ÉZÅ³Ä¯Ã|z»ÁÃZYÉ³ |¿YÃ{Â]Z¯Ä]µÂ¤»Ì¿ÊÀ»ZzÅÊÅZÀÅZ\¸«{Â]ÃÁZ¸,Ã|»M dY kazza-¶ §YÄf§³],Ã|»MÂÉZÀ]ÊaÈ^Ìf¯{ Ä¯ lašda kazip ÇYÁ |Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÄf^¿¶³ÈÂ¼n»{cY¸§Z]^e»ÉZÅzeÊy]{¶ §¾ËY ZÅ´ÀÅM, KÙ.BABBAR kazipZÅZÃ¬¿ ÈÌaÉY],kazza- {ÂÊ»Ã|Ë{Ì¿ ½Z]Ä]Ã|»Md{Ä]½Âf»ÈÂ¼n»{KÙ.GI kazipZÅ³ÁAN.BAR kazip ½Â¼»Z]ÉYÃZ fYÁ½{Y{¶°,ÉZ¯°qÉZÀ »Ä]ÁÄf§Z¯Ä]ÊÀ»ZzÅÊ»Z¸ËY dYÉ³¸§ zirnupasašÁ zarnupirra ,KÙ.GI kazipÇYÁÄ,|Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÊ¿Z´ËZ]{ µÁ|md§ZË½YÂeÊ»É³Z]^e»Y cÂÄ]ÃZ^fYÄ]fÀÌÅeÌaYze¾ËYÄf^·Y.Grillot-Susini, 1990, pp. 215, 218 (Hinz, 1950, p. 2){Â]Ã|¿YÂy“ DIŠLUMEŠ lašdatukip akkabe AŠlašda hutašda ” 2 Hallock, 1969, p. 712; Henkelman, 2017, p. 275/ fn. 6. 470 |Ì¼mdzeÊ¿ZÆmgYÌ»ÃZ´ËZaÊÅÁaÊ¼¸cZ·Z¬»ÄZa²3»Z¿Z¯ |Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÄf^¿¶³{É³ ZÅ³Z]^e»cÁZ¨f»Ê¸¤¾ËÁZÀ µÁ|m ¨ ¶v» {ÃÌmd§ZË{ d¼Ä] Â Ø Ø Z¯ ½3ÌÅ,ÄZa Â¿3°Ìe Ø Äf^¿¶³{Ã|ÃZY Ê»Z¸ËYÇYÁ ÊÀ»ZzÅ PF 0872, PF 1519, PF 1805, NN 0448, NN 1913, NN 1984, KÙ.GI Fort. 0633-102, Fort. 1964kazira 101, Fort. 2293-101, Fort. 2293-103, Fribourg A NN 1361, NN 2515 zarnupirra PT 63 zirnupasaš YÂ¿Y ½Y³ ³ Z¸ ³¾ÌWe . Z¸ Ä¼meÁÌ^ e.Z¸½Z³|ÀÀ¯¾ÌWeZÌfuY|Ì«Z]Ä¯zirnupasašYÊ¿Y|ÀqcZZ¸Y PT 63 Èf^¿¶³{ dÌ¿ d{ { ,Cameron, 1948, pp. 177-178 Ã| Äf]YÁÊÅÁ³Ä¯Ã|ÃZY½YaYÉ{Y| eÄ]Cameron, 1948, pp. 177-178 .Z¸½Z³|ÀÀ¯¾ÌWeZ]{Ä]Äf]YÁÃÁ³¾ËY½ZÌ»{ |¿{Â]Ã{Zf§ÄZaÄ]Z]{Ä] Z]\¸£Y½YZÅYÂmÄ¯ÊËZn¿MY.dÌqZ¸½Z³|ÀÀ¯¾ÌWeYÂÀ»Z»Y,|¿YÃ{Â]Ì¿ Á®qÂ¯ ÊÀÌWe ÉZÌYÁ|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Êf¼Ì«Ä¼Ì¿Á Êf¼Ì«ÉZÅ²ÀÁZÆ^¿Y³cY¸§ Ê¸¤ ½YÂÀ |Ì¼mdze ÉZÅÄf^¿¶³ { ´Ë{ ÉÂ Y Á |ÀfyZÊ» cZ·MÂË ZË^e»½YZÅYÂmZ]Y½Y|À»ÀÅYÃÁ³¾ËY½YÂeÊ»ZËM,dÌ¿z»ZÅYÂm .{¯§½Z°Ë { ,dY É³ Z] ^e» ¶¤ ÊÂ¿ ´¿ZÌ] 0Z·Z¼fuY Ä¯ , zarnupirra ÇYÁ ½Y³d À¹Z¿k{Ä¯ ¾ËYZ] dYÃ|d^i NN 2515Á NN 1361 ÉZÅÄf^¿¶³ ÉZÅÄf^¿¶³cZZ¸Y¾ÌÀr¼Å-Vallat, 1994; 2010a, p. 64,Hallock, 1969; Henkelman, 2013; 2017]ZÀ» NN 1361,NN 1913, NN 2515, Fort. 0633-102, Fort. 1964-101, Fort. 2293-101, Fort. 2293-Ã|¿fÀ» 2 Hiran. 3 Tikranuš. 469 dYÃ|fÀ»Ä·Z¬»¾ËY{½ZËYÇZmYZ]ÁÄf§³Y«Ã|¿Z´¿ZÌfyY{¾¼¸°ÀÅeÁÁ¦·Ä]103 |¿{Â]É»ÁÉ{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯ÊËZÅ³ ½YÂÀ¾ÌÀqZ]{Y§Y¾ËYYÊ°Ë¹Z¿,Ã{Â^¿lËY|Ì¼mdzeÉZÅÊ¿Z´ËZ]{½Y|À»ÀÅÁ Ä¯Ã{Â]É¯~»³Ã36{3{,dYÃ|»MNN 2515Èf^¿¶³{zarnupirraÊ¸¤ Â¿3°Ìe{ÃZ» Ã{¿Zac|»Ä]µÁYÂËY{ÊÅZ{ZaºÅ{Â¿ZeºÅ|¨ÅÉZÅµZ{ Ä]mY dYÃ{¯d§ZË{{¼f{½YÂÀÄ]] |À¨Â³ OÁY dYÃ{¯Z¯ ¶ËÂve½M]ÃÁZ¸ÁdYÊËZ·Z]{¼f{,ÃÌm½YÌ»¾ËYÄ¯{ÂÃZY|ËZ]ÁY{¼f{ {Zf«Y{Ê¯YÂy¹Z¸«YËZZ]ÄËZ¬»{ {¼f{ÃÌm½YÂÀÄ]] |À¨Â³½{Y{ ÁÃ{¯d§ZË{ÉYÃÌm¾ÌÀqz¾ËYÄ°ÀËY dY Ã{Â^¿lËY½Y|Àq|Ì¼mdze Ã36{3{Ä¯ |Z]ÂÂ»¾ËYÇ|ÀÅ{½Z¿dY¾°¼» Ã|d^iÄf^¿¶³{ºÅÁY¹Z¿ dYÃ{Â]ÉYÃ|ÄfyZÀ|À»ÀÅ|ËZÁºÆ»³d À0Z·Z¼fuY Ã{ZË{Ä¯,dY KÙ.GI kazira{Y{ÃZYÉ³zeÄ]Ä¯É´Ë{ÇYÁ ZÅÄf^¿¶³¾ËYY{Â»ZÆq{{ÂmÂ»|ÅYÂ ZY]Á{ÂÊ» Ã|Ë{ÁZ]Äf^¿¶³ dYÃ|ÃZY¨¿Ze¾Ì]Ì¤f»{Y| eZ]É»ÉZÅ³YÃÁ³®ËÄ]«YÁ{ NN ,Henkelman, 2017, pp. 274, 276-¶°Fort. 2293-101ÉZÅÄf^¿¶³ ¹ZÆq,µÁYÉZÅÃZ»{Ä¯|¿YÃ{¯d^iYÉ»ÉZÅ³Fort. 2293-103Á0448 d]Z]Y{ÂyÇÌm|Ì¼mdze{µÁYÂËY{ÊÅZ{Za¹ZÆqÁdÌ]µZYºÁ ÃÁ³¾ËYZ]|Ì¼mdzeÉY{YºfÌ{Ä¯ Ê¿Y|À»Z¯Á {Y§Y |¿YÃ{¯d§ZË{Z¯ ] Ê¿Z°Ë Æ4» ¾ÌÀr¼Å Á |ÀfÅ ½Z°Ë Äf^¿¶³ Ä Å { ,|¿YÃ{Â] Z^eY { ®ËÄ]ZÅÄf^¿¶³¾ËYÈÅ{Ä¯|Å{Ê»½Z¿|ÅYÂ¾ËY dYÃ|®uZÅÄf^¿¶³ PF 0872 Èf^¿¶³ ,¾f» Ä ¾ËY ] ÃÁZ¸ dY Ã| ÃZY ½Z°Ë ÉZ¯ ÃÁ³ ÃZY¹Â¸ »Z¿ÊfÌ»Â«cZz»Z]³ÊÅÁ³Ä]Ì¿Hallock, 1969, p. 252 { ÂËY{ ÊÅZ{Za ¹ÂÁdÌ] µZ ºÅ{YÁ{ Á ºÅ{ZË ÉZÅÃZ» { Ä¯ {Y{ 1 Dadda. 2 Tikranuš. 468 dYÃ|»Mz]¾Ì¼ÅÊ¿ZËZaÉZÅ|À]{{Y§Y¾ËY{Â»{fÌ]cZZ¸Y |Ì¼mdzeÊ¿ZÆmgYÌ»ÃZ´ËZaÊÅÁaÊ¼¸cZ·Z¬»ÄZa²3»Z¿Z¯ ½Z°ËÊ¿Z´ËZa|À¸]Ä]Ì¿Äf^¿¶³¾ËY{ |¿YÃ{¯d§ZË{ÃÌmÁÃ{¯Z¯|Ì¼mdze Ã|ÅZ»½M] ¾ÌÌaÉZÅÄf^¿¶³Z]ÉYÄ]Z»Æ4»iYÁÃ|ÃZY¶^«Èf^¿¶³ ÄZ] dÌ»Â«Ä]ÉYÃZY PF 0872Èf^¿¶³{Ä¯ ¾ËY{ÂmÁZ] ,|Å{Ê»½Z¿Ä¯,{ÂÊ» Fort. 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Muscarella, 1987µZj»ÉY] {Z»d»Â°u{ZË|ÌËPeÉY] Sancisi-Weerdenburg, 1988; 1994; Codella, 1992; DeMatran, 1993; Muscarella, 1994; Kienast, 1999. 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Whitehead, J. D. (1974). Early Aramaic Epistolography: The Arsames correspondence. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Chicago: University of Chicago. Wulff, H. E. (1966). The Traditional Crafts of Persia, Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press. Zehbari, Z (2021). On the Participation of Egyptian Artists in Achaemenid Art. in: C.W. Hess & F. Manuelli (eds.) Bridging the Gap: Disciplines, Times, and spaces in Dialogue, Sessions 1, 2, and 5 from the Conference Broadening Horizons 6 Held at the Freie Universität Berlin, 24–28 June 2019, VOL 1: 59-79. available online at https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/Products/97818032709 44. Zehbari, Z (forthcoming). The Men, Who Wrought the Metals: On Achaemenid-era Metalworkers Based on Persepolis Tablets. Iran. 451 |¿{Â]É»ÁÉ{Z»ZÅ½M,|¿{¯Ê»Z¯Z¸]Ä¯ÊËZÅ³ ,6FKPLGWS)LJ`q|Ì¼mdzeYÄ·ZÂ³ ÁZ³¬¿Z]Ê·Z¨\·Z« ¶° 6FKPLGW3OdY ÃZ»{É»³ÊÅÁ³Ä]Ä¯|Ì¼mdzeÉÁZ]Ê¿Z´ËZ]Y)RUWÈf^¿¶³ ¶° {Y{ÃZY|Ì¼mdze{µÁYÂËY{ÊÅZ{Za¹ZÆqÁdÌ]µZº +HQNHOPDQ3O9 )DUEWDIHOQ 450 |Ì¼mdzeÊ¿ZÆmgYÌ»ÃZ´ËZaÊÅÁaÊ¼¸cZ·Z¬»ÄZa²3»Z¿Z¯ ^e»½Y|À»Z¯ÂeÉ¸§LZÌYdyZ½Â³Z¿Â³¶uY»µfÀ¯ËËÂf5aÃZ´»YM ¶° /HIHEYUH3O 449 Table of Contents Again on the So-Called Temple of the Fratarakās, Persepolis: An Image-Shrine From the Early Hellenistic Age ......................................1 Pierfrancesco Callieri Achaemenid Multilingualism and Translation Strategies in the Royal Inscriptions ........................................................................................................... 23 Ela Filippone A Glyptic Workshop in Persepolis ...................................................................33 Mark B. Garrison “Camels of the King” Between Persepolis and Bactria .........................129 Rhyne King Contextualizing Achaemenid Persian Material Culture in Berlin: Recent Investigations ......................................................................................................143 Alexander Nagel Stock Formula or Textual Citation? The Case of Kerdīr’s Inscription on the Ka‘ba of Zoroaster (KKZ) ........................................................................183 Olivia K. C. Ramble Languages and Writing Practices in the Achaemenid Administration: Reconsidering Some Recent Views.................................................................207 Adriano V. Rossi Some Notes on Old Persian Cuneiform “Texts” on Carpets ....................229 Rüdiger Schmitt Persian Articles David Brian Stronach: A Bibliography......................................................262 Mehrdad Malekzadeh Monumental Graffiti From the Islamic Period at Naqš-e Rostam ...322 Mohammad Ali Mosallanezhad, Mohammad Javad Owladhussein, Mojtaba Doroodi The Urban Plan of “Royal Residences” of Achaemenid Fars: Persepolis, Pasargadae and Tamukkan ............................................................................356 Emad Matin The Preliminary Report of the “Land of Persepolis” Project First Season ........................................................................................................388 Luca Colliva, Emad Matin Fars: The Ideological Homeland of the Achaemenid Art ........................396 Alireza Askari Chaverdi Aramaic-Hebrew Graffiti at Naqš-e Rostam on the Investiture Relief of Ardašir I ..............................................................................................................448 Ibrāhīm Šafiʿī The Goldsmiths, Who Wrought the Gold, Those Were Medes and Egyptians: An Investigation of the Goldsmiths in the Achaemenid Period....................................................................................................................480 Zohreh Zehbari The Second Copy of the Babylonian Inscription of Xerxes (XPf). Text, Commentary, and Translation........................................................................514 Soheil Delshad The Morghab Plain in the Neolithic Period: Tol-e Sangi ......................536 Morteza Khanipour, Hamid Karami, Farhad Zare Kordshooli, Hamed Molaee Kordshooli Survey and Identification of Sites in the Vicinity of Persepolis ................574 Vahid Barani, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Akbar Sadeghi, Vahid Younesi, Pegah Manouchehri Wastewater Management During the Achaemenid Period. Case Study: Building A of Barzan-e Jonubi in Persepolis...........................610 Ali Eghra` Excavation and Reconstruction of a Brick Drain in Courtyard 17 in the Persepolis Treasury..................................................................................640 Ahmad Ali Asadi, Majid Mansouri Preface The Persepolis World Heritage Site is one of the most prominent cultural heritage sites in Iran which meets three out of ten selection criteria set by the UNESCO World Heritage Convention: i. It represents “a masterpiece of human creative genius.” ii. It bears “a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living, or which has disappeared.” iii. It is “an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history.”1 As a world heritage site, Persepolis is a symbol of peace and empathy and a stage for demonstrating several critical developments in Ancient Near Eastern art, architecture, epigraphy, politics and ethics. Recent studies of Pārsa (Persepolis and its surrounding sites) have provided more evidence of the uniqueness of this city in the middle of the first millennium B.C. from historical, cultural and even ecological aspects. Therefore, scholars’ attention to the Persepolis Terrace and its surrounding buildings, which only cover 12 hectares, has expanded to a vast region of several thousand hectares. This broadened landscape of Pārsa was once the center of the Achaemenid Empire and the dwelling place for several significant Achaemenid elites, including the Great King and his royal family. More than five hundred sites and monuments have been found in such a vast region; among them, about two hundred monuments and sites from different periods (from prehistoric to Islamic periods) have been officially registered so far. Needless to say that preserving such a valuable region with several hundred monuments and 1 https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/ sites from different periods would not be possible without considering both tangible and intangible heritage aspects of the great city of Pārsa. Furthermore, rigorous studies of this cultural heritage can lead to novel interpretationsof identity and civilizations. Reaching appropriate interpretations can provide a suitable foundation for the study of economic development of our society. Needless to say, the historical and cultural values of Pārsa emerged out of historical interactions between humans and nature for millennia. In other words, the complexity of such a vast region results from the high number of monuments in Pārsa, the ecosystem of such a vast region, and the human connection to both of them. Without enough comprehensive studies and a deep perception of such a connection, preserving and managing Pārsa would not be possible. From the epigraphical point of view, the Persepolis World Heritage Site has benefited from a unique collection of evidence from different periods, i.e., from the Achaemenid empire to the contemporary era, and in different forms, from royal and private inscriptions and administrative tablets to graffiti in different languages and scripts. In fact, Pārsa is one of the exemplary regions where one can see the historical development of the scripts. For example, Darius’ Palace (Tachara) is a monument considered a museum of Iranian epigraphy. Recent epigraphical studies at Persepolis, also published in this volume, emphasize this significant aspect of the site. The history of archaeological expeditions, epigraphical and historical studies, and preservation and restoration projects in Pārsa is replete with the names of great scholars, many of whom are mentioned in several articles of this volume. Along with the scholars (archaeologists, epigraphers, and conservators), several hundreds of working staff were and still are active in Pārsa, who made the research and conserving projects possible. I take this opportunity to thank all the scholars and working staff who have taken part in field surveys in Pārsa, preserving monuments and conducting research. In the end, I would like to thank Dr Mohammad Hassan Talebian (the former deputy of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism), Dr Farhad Azizi Zalani (the former director of the World Heritage Sites, ICHTO) and Seyyed Moayyed Mohsen Nezhad (the director of the ICHTO of Fars Province) who supported us in multilateral research and field activities in the Persepolis World Heritage Site, some of which are reflected in the current volume. I would also like to thank Ms Mehrnaz Bordbar, Dr Soheil Delshad, Dr Mohammad Jawad Owladhussein, Mr Mojtaba Doroodi, Ms Shahrnaz Etemadi and Dr Rhyne King for their efforts in collecting and editing the articles of the current volume. I would also take this opportunity to thank Prof. Adriano Rossi, Dr Ahmad Ali Asadi, Dr Parsa Daneshmand, Dr Nima Jamali, Dr Shahrokh Razmjou, Dr Kurush Mohmmadkhani, Dr Farah Zahedi, Dr Azita Mirzaii, Dr Rhyne King and Dr Soheil Delshad who have kindly reviewed the submitted articles. I also want to thank Dr Ali Asghar Taheri Safiabadi, the director of “Parthua Publications” and his colleagues at the “Ravniz” atelier, who finalized the volume and prepared it for publication. Hamid Fadaei Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism (Former Director of the Persepolis World Heritage Site) Kār-nāmag ī Pārsa Studies From the Persepolis World Heritage Site Edited by Hamid Fadaei Soheil Delshad Mehrnaz Bordbar Mohammad Jawad Owladhussein Editor of English Articles: Rhyne King 2024 Parthava Publications. Tehran

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Zehbari, 2024, The Goldsmiths, Who Wrought the Gold, Those Were Medes and Egyptians: An Investigation of the Goldsmiths in the Achaemenid Period (in Persian) (زرگرهایی که بر طلا کار میکردند، آنها مادی و مصری بودند)

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