Environment. Technology. Resources. Rezekne, Latvia
Proceedings of the 14th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Volume 1, 22-28
Theoretical and Methodological Aspects for the
Development of a Creative Economy in the
Context of the Formation of an Innovative
Business Ecosystem
Iluta Arbidane
Faculty of Economics and
management
Rezekne Academy of Technologies
Rezekne, Latvia
Iluta.arbidane@rta.lv
Halina Synycyna
Faculty of Trade, Business and
Customs Management
State Biotechnological University
Kharkiv, Ukraine
sinicina_galina@ukr.net
Daina Znotina
Faculty of Economics and
management
Rezekne Academy of Technologies
Rezekne, Latvia
Daina.Znotina@rta.lv
Oksana Ruza
Faculty of Social Sciences
Daugavpils University
Rezekne, Latvia
Oksana.Ruza@du.lv
ecosystem is a favorable environment for innovation to
increase its value and contribute to the achievement of
sustainable development goals. It is proposed to consider a
sustainable "business ecosystem" as a coherent management
model with established characteristics, which describes an
aggregate system of business ecosystem modules that interact
with each other and are focused on co-creation and coproduction of value.
Abstract. The aim of the study is to analyze the theoretical
basis of creative economy and its development trends in the
context of innovative business ecosystems formation. The
scientific novelty of the research consists in solving the most
important scientific and applied problem - further
development of theoretical provisions of creative economy,
ecosystems, as well as substantiation of the conceptual
approach to the formation of innovative business ecosystem
as a coherent management model. In the process of research,
general scientific and special methods were used: scientific
abstraction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, system and
critical analysis, structural-logical, ascending from the
abstract to the concrete, and statistical analysis. It has been
substantiated that the priority development of creative
economy as a strategic driver of sustainable development is
the formation of an ecosystem conducive to the development
of complex non-linear dynamic innovation processes,
development of value propositions and value chain. The
analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of
formation and functioning of ecosystems indicates the lack of
development of this problem and the need to develop
scientific approaches to their identification. Generalization of
the results of theoretical analysis allowed us to group
ecosystems according to the identified attributes into five
main types. It was substantiated that a sustainable business
Keyword: business ecosystem, innovation, coherent model,
creative economy.
I. INTRODUCTION
The global economy is currently undergoing processes
of convergence associated with the creation of innovative
technologies, digitalisation and exponential growth of
knowledge, and increased intensity of international
competition. The formation of an environment conducive
to the development of complex non-linear dynamic
innovation processes, the development of value
propositions and value chains is among the priorities of the
creative economy as a strategic driver of sustainable
development. Its focus is now on building effective
Print ISSN 1691-5402
Online ISSN 2256-070X
https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2023vol1.7312
© 2023 Iluta Arbidane, Halina Synycyna, Daina Znotina, Oksana Ruža. Published by Rezekne Academy of Technologies.
This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
22
Iluta Arbidane, et al. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects for the Development of a Creative Economy in the
Context of the Formation of an Innovative Business Ecosystem
innovation ecosystems based on the Industry 4.0
paradigm. In this context, research into trends in creative
economy development in the context of business
ecosystem formation is becoming more relevant.
The papers of foreign authors Howkins [1], Higgs [2],
Henry [3], Sung [4], Andres [5], Štreimikienė [6], Pratt
[7], Rodrigues-Insuasti [8] provide a theoretical basis for
the creative economy and, particularly, its conceptual
approaches, formation mechanisms and intellectual
structure development trends, assessment of its resources,
degree of influence on competitiveness and other aspects.
The concept of creative economy formed on the basis of
the results of these studies acquires particular relevance in
the context of interdisciplinary research into sustainable
development and the socio-economic relations unfolding
therein.
At the same time, the creative economy is changing
traditional notions of economic development models,
value proposition creation, environment and the
mechanism of competitive business process management
strategies based on the concept of ecosystems.
Moore was one of the first to use the term "ecosystem"
in social sciences and humanities [9]. The problems of the
formation and functioning of ecosystems are devoted to
the works of Cennamo [10], Jacobides [11], Tsujimoto
[12], Pidun [13], Senyo [14], Ehrensperger [15], Gueler
[16], Dima [17] and other authors.
At the same time, the incomplete nature of the
theoretical and methodological foundations of the
ecosystem in the scientific literature indicates the lack of
unified approaches to its terminology, definition of the
structure formation factors, insufficient description of the
essential characteristics and their impact on the
development of creative economy, determines the
relevance of further systematic research in this area.
The aim of the research is to analyze the theoretical
basis of creative economy and trends of its development in
the context of innovative business ecosystems formation.
The objectives of the study are to summarize the
theoretical and methodological support of the investigated
issues and substantiate the conceptual approach to the
formation of innovative business ecosystems.
The scientific novelty of the research consists in
solving the most important scientific and applied
problem - further development of theoretical positions of
creative economy, ecosystems, as well as substantiation of
the conceptual approach to the formation of innovative
business ecosystem as a coherent management model.
The research period is 2022-2023.
and critical analysis of the interpretation of the concept of
"ecosystem", structural-logical, ascent from the abstract to
the particular (to substantiate the conceptual approach to
forming innovative business ecosystems)
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Over the last three decades the term "creative
economy" has attracted increasing interest worldwide [4]
as a way of adapting the economy and society to
globalisation changes [4], [18]. Moreover, it is because of
its adaptability that the creative economy is the driving
force behind national economies to achieve sustainable
development goals [6], [7], [17] by structuring the entire
economic system on an intellectual basis and creating
conditions for the unlocking of personal potential [4].
The creative economy is a paradigm of modern
economic development based on the creation and
management of innovation, enabling the transformation of
industries in which value creation is the creation of
creative ideas turned into goods or services.
Creative economy is an analytical category that covers
a very wide range of economic activities - from culture, art
to software development, forming the digital economy and
influencing the future of the whole society [19].
Experts estimate the contribution of the creative
economy to the global gross domestic product to be about
3%, and roughly equivalent to its contribution to world
trade. It is expected to increase due to the introduction of
digitalisation and advanced technologies that characterise
Industry 4.0 [20].
The development of a creative economy is crucial for
increasing a country's export potential, income growth, job
creation and international trade [2], [3]. Moreover, it not
only stimulates the development of innovation, but also
acts as a catalyst in industry, energy, transport, agricultural
production, trade and other sectors of the economy, as well
as contributing to the process of social inclusion.
Due to the evolution of digitalisation and the changing
behaviour of both producers and consumers of innovative
goods and services, the creative economy is universal in
generating and implementing change in the economic and
social life of society.
Such versatility and knowledge-intensive nature of the
creative economy has attracted much attention from the
global scientific community and business world [21], [22],
and allowed the development of theoretical, empirical and
practical application bases based on different approaches
to its study [2].
Thus, the results of a December 2021 study of the
intellectual structure of the creative economy, using the
Scopus database (by the scientific publishing house
Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and the VOSviewer
bibliometric software application (developed by Leiden
University, Leiden, Netherlands) in the subject area of
business, management and accounting, indicate that the
creative economy is a growing research field with 687
articles, 1340 authors and 64 countries represented [8].
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Achievement of the research goal and solution of the
tasks set determined the use of general scientific and
special methods of scientific knowledge: scientific
abstraction, deduction, analysis and synthesis (to
conceptualise the essential content of creative economy as
a paradigm of modern economic development), systemic
23
Environment. Technology. Resources. Rezekne, Latvia
Proceedings of the 14th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Volume 1, 22-28
It should be noted that, until recently, such research has
been conducted in the subject area of social sciences,
humanities, culture, art and urban studies.
Since the mid-1990s, scientists, government agencies
and public organizations have used the concepts of "new
idea", "creativity", "creative idea", "creative activity",
"creativity", "intellectual capital", "intellectual property",
"innovation" as the basis for defining the creative
economy. [1], [9], [23], [24], "business innovation" [25],
"creative industries" [26].
Thus, UNCTAD considers the artistic, cultural and
industrial aspects of the creative economy. In 2008,
together with the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) «summarise the definition of the
«Creative Economy» as follows:
1. The Creative Economy is an evolving concept based
on creative assets potentially generating economic growth
and development;
2. It can foster income generation, job creation and
export earnings while promoting social inclusion, cultural
diversity, and human development;
3. It embraces economic, cultural and social aspects
interacting with technology, intellectual property and
tourism objectives;
4. It is a set of knowledge-based economic activities
with a development dimension and crosscutting linkages
at macro and micro levels to the overall economy;
5. It is a feasible development option calling for
innovative multidisciplinary policy responses and
interministerial action» [20].
The creative economy is also sometimes referred to as
the 'orange economy', which is a broader concept that
includes the interaction of companies with consumers and
other business entities based on creative activities such as
research and development (R&D), which is not classified
as a creative industry.
John Hawkins, the world's leading researcher of the
creative economy, emphasizes the importance of her field
in creating an enabling ecosystem for creativity [27].
In the final report on the state and prospects of the
creative economy in Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain,
Turkey, Japan, South Korea and Australia, prepared by
Deloitte LLP for Netflix International B.V. for the period
2011-218, the authors view it as an ecosystem made up of
a large number of activities, characterized by opportunities
for income and job creation through individual creativity,
development and use of intellectual property [28].
The results of our theoretical analysis of the various
definitions of the creative economy led us to conclude that
they are based, depending on the subject area of research,
on the categories of "economic value", "sociological
value", "business value" and their combinations.
However, in our view, globalisation processes in the
world are proceeding so rapidly that there is a need to
review and change the development paradigm of the
creative economy. For example, the digitalisation and
greening of business processes, which affect business
performance, has necessitated a transformation in
company management strategies through the creation of
successful innovation ecosystems. By operating on the
basis of this concept, companies, transcending corporate
boundaries, will be able to increase the speed of
innovation, improve its quality and increase its value.
Over the last decade, interest in the concept of
ecosystem as a new way of reflecting the competitive
environment has increased significantly. Borrowed from
biology, the term "ecosystem" is commonly used to
describe a set of interacting and complementary
companies that collectively generate ecosystem-level
outcomes. It is widely used by academia and business in
contexts related to strategic management, innovation
policy, economic system development, industry and
entrepreneurship. The concepts of industrial ecosystem,
digital ecosystem, entrepreneurial ecosystem, innovation
ecosystem and others have spread.
In our opinion, in order to understand the process of
ecosystem formation, it is necessary to gain an
understanding of the nature of its emergence, purpose,
composition of participants, levels of formation and other
specific characteristics.
To this end, we have conducted a theoretical study of
the interpretation of the concept of "ecosystem" by various
authors (table 1).
TABLE 1 THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPRETATION OF THE
TERM «ECOSYSTEM» (COMPILED BY THE AUTHOR)
Authors
Moore J. [29]
Dima, A.,
Bugheanu, A.,
Dinulescu, R.,
Potcovaru, A.,
Stefanescu,
C., Marin, I.;
Gueler, M.,
Schneider, S.;
24
Interpretation of the Сoncept
Companies facing the challenges of
implementing innovation in their
operations experience radical changes
in the external environment, often
negative ones. To avoid them,
companies need to be seen not as
participants in an industry, but as part
of a broader business ecosystem.
In such an ecosystem, organisations,
institutions and individuals come
together around a focal company,
working together and competitively to
create shared value and customer
satisfaction. The ecosystem of any
company (other than itself and its
owners)
includes
consumers,
suppliers, intermediaries, government
agencies and other stakeholders
evolving
through
competition,
cooperation and interdependence.
Business ecosystem is a group of
companies that pool their expertise
around innovation to develop
innovative products and customer
satisfaction.
Iluta Arbidane, et al. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects for the Development of a Creative Economy in the
Context of the Formation of an Innovative Business Ecosystem
Ehrensperger,
R., Sauerwein,
C., Breu, R.;
Senyo, P., Liu,
K., Effah, J.
[14] ‒ [17]
Pidun, U.,
Reeves M.,
Schuessler M.
[13]
Eisenhardt, K.
& Galunic, D.
[30]
Tsujimoto,
M., Kajikawa,
Y., Tomita,
J., Matsumoto,
Y. [12]
Jacobides, M.,
Cennamo, C.,
Gawer, A.
[11]
Pidorycheva,
I. Yu. [31]
Burda, Y.,
Volkova, I.,
Gavrikova, E.
[32]
Wareham J.,
Fox P., Giner
J. [33]
A business ecosystem is a dynamic
group of largely independent
economic players creating goods or
services that are the result of agreed
solutions. The authors propose to see
the business ecosystem as
a solution to a business problem, a
way of organising to realise a
particular value proposition.
For this, the business ecosystem is a
management model that competes
with other ways of organising the
creation of a product or service, such
as a vertically structured organisation,
a hierarchical supply chain or an open
market model.
An ecosystem can be seen as a
network of corporate organisations
whose various interests are united by
a common goal, and the effectiveness
of each organisation depends on the
other participants in the chain.
The ecosystem is a community of
companies
that
is
constantly
transforming because it needs to
create new value through cooperation
instead of competing alternatives.
An ecosystem is a complex of
organisations (multifaceted, mutually
reinforcing) that is not fully controlled
hierarchically.
Innovation ecosystem is an open,
holistic, dynamic network,
consisting of a spatial community of
organizations and individuals with
different competencies and roles,
coevolving in a particular institutional
environment under the influence of
influenced by business, regulatory and
innovation environments, sharing
knowledge and resources, and
allocating obligations, risks and
benefits in the process of creating
innovation
and benefits in the process of creating
innovations in which consumers are
interested.
Innovation ecosystem is a network of
legally independent economic agents
of different compositions who may be
direct competitors but cooperate to
Cennamo, C.,
Santalo, J.
[10]
Stevencon, H.,
Jarillo Mossi,
J. [34]
Malecki, E.
[35]
create a comprehensive value
proposition for customers.
The authors suggest that ecosystems
should be seen as digital platforms 'semi-regulated markets' that facilitate
entrepreneurial activity under the
coordination and guidance of the
platform sponsor.
The authors suggest that ecosystems
should be seen as digital platforms "multistakeholder markets" that allow
transactions among specific groups of
users.
The authors view the entrepreneurial
ecosystem as 'a process of creating
value by combining a unique
combination of resources to exploit an
opportunity'.
The author argues that the
entrepreneurial ecosystem emerged in
the
early
1990s,
identifying
contributions from Moore J.'s
'business ecosystem', Van de Ven's
'infrastructure for entrepreneurship'
and the concept of a 'local
entrepreneurial system'.
Summarizing the results of the theoretical analysis, we
can conclude that at present there is no unified view among
the authors on the interpretation of the concept of
"ecosystem", the vision of its essence and expediency of
application, the number of structural elements of which it
consists and the relationships between them.
However, based on the results obtained, the following
main approaches to its definition can be identified as:
1. A "business ecosystem" in which the participants
focus around the focal company and its
surrounding environment without reference to a
specific geographical area;
2. An "ecosystem" as an environment formed at
different spatial levels without reference to focal
companies or innovations;
3. An "innovation ecosystem" centred around a
specific innovation or new value proposition, and a
group of supporting actors;
4. An "ecosystem as a digital platform" around which
other stakeholders focus;
5. An "entrepreneurial ecosystem", which is a set of
actors interacting within a geographically bounded
entrepreneurial environment and enablers of
productive entrepreneurship.
One of the most important tasks in this study is to
justify a conceptual approach to the formation of
innovative business ecosystems.
25
Environment. Technology. Resources. Rezekne, Latvia
Proceedings of the 14th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Volume 1, 22-28
The business ecosystem is widely used to study a
complex social and economic system from a business
perspective. A key feature of such an ecosystem is that its
members do not simply compete with each other using
their own resources, but cooperate, interact and use shared
resources, knowledge, networks and infrastructure to
create value together.
The transition to a creative economy affects the
shaping of the entire business ecosystem, as the process of
managing the flow of value creation is based on the cocreation and capture of value.
It should also be noted that it is only recently that
research into the creative economy has been carried out in
the context of building a sustainable business ecosystem
[23].
A sustainable business ecosystem is an enabling
environment for innovation to add value, and therefore
contributes to the achievement of sustainable development
goals. Creating an aggregate framework not only provides
a systematic approach to modelling the business
ecosystem, but also provides a methodological basis for
investigating the complex systems aspect of the business
ecosystem.
We propose to consider the "business ecosystem" as a
coherent governance model, which is characterized by:
1. Modularity. In contrast to vertically integrated
models or hierarchical supply chains, in business
ecosystems, supply options are designed
independently of one another but function as a
coherent whole. In many cases, the consumer can
choose any or a combination of options.
2. Regulability. In contrast to the open market model,
the contributions of ecosystem actors are usually
adapted to the ecosystem and are mutually
compatible. This means that participation in an
ecosystem requires some investment in a particular
ecosystem.
3. Multilateralism. Unlike open market models, the
business ecosystem builds relationships between
many partners that cannot be broken down into a
set of simple bilateral relationships. This approach
should be applied when it is important to achieve
cohesion among all partners to create innovation as
a common goal.
4. Coordination. Unlike vertically integrated models
or supply chains, business ecosystems are not fully
controlled hierarchically, but there is some
mechanism for coordination - for example through
standards, regulations or processes - outside the
simple open market mechanism.
5. Cospecialisation. Partners are involved in the cocreation of new value (coproduction), but are
involved in different but complementary activities.
Each of the actors in the ecosystem contributes
their inputs and resources to the development of the
innovation.
6. Collaborative. Ecosystem members interact with
each other by creating interactive collabora tive
innovation networks (COINs) - self-organised,
united by a shared vision, common goals and a
shared value system, reflecting the growing
complexity of the innovation process.
7. Coevolution. In business ecosystems, the activities
of each actor cannot be viewed in isolation:
changes in one part of the system can have longlasting and often unanticipated consequences in
other parts of the system. In such an environment,
companies pool their capabilities around
innovation - working together and competitively to
meet consumer needs, support new products and
ultimately take innovation to the next level.
Therefore, an effective governance model must
establish an appropriate level of openness, balancing
"open" elements (attracting partners, driving growth and
enabling innovation) and "closed" elements (ensuring
ongoing quality and consistency); be adaptive; be
dynamic; and provide social, environmental or economic
value to the business ecosystem.
It should also be noted that traditionally "a business
model describes the rationale of how an organization
creates, delivers, and captures value" [37]. [37], and our
proposed coherent governance model describes an
aggregated system of modules of an innovative business
ecosystem that interact with each other and focus on cocreation and co-capture of value.
Companies that form such business ecosystems will be
better able to innovate and improve capital efficiency
while developing and implementing value propositions
and value chains.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Systematization of ideas about the creative economy as
a paradigm of sustainable development made it possible to
generalize the fundamental changes in innovation
processes, their deployment and development associated
with the acceleration of scientific and technological
progress, digitalization and greening, the emergence of
new conditions and models of cooperation between
subjects of innovation activity, which created the basis for
the emergence of the concept ecosystems.
As a result of a comprehensive study of the origins and
views on ecosystems, the unformedness of scientific ideas
about the essence and nature of ecosystems has been
established, and the existing approaches to their
identification have been grouped by us into five main
types: “business ecosystem”, whose participants are
concentrated around the focus company and its
environment without reference to a certain geographical
area; "ecosystem" as an environment formed at different
spatial levels without reference to focus companies or
innovations; an "innovation ecosystem" centered around a
particular innovation or new value proposition and the
group of contributors that support it; "ecosystem as a
digital platform" around which other interested
participants
are
concentrated;
“entrepreneurial
26
Iluta Arbidane, et al. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects for the Development of a Creative Economy in the
Context of the Formation of an Innovative Business Ecosystem
ecosystem”, which is a set of participants interacting
within a geographic business environment and factors that
contribute to the development of productive
entrepreneurship.
Based on the analysis of the features of the ecosystem
approach, it was found that a sustainable business
ecosystem is a favorable environment for introducing
innovations in order to increase its value, and, therefore,
contributes to the achievement of sustainable development
goals. The creation of an aggregate structure not only
provides a systematic approach to business ecosystem
modeling, but also provides a methodological framework
for researching the complex systems aspect of the business
ecosystem.
In this regard, we propose to consider the "business
ecosystem" as a coherent governance model that will
provide innovative approaches to assessing, comparing
and effectively managing value streams, access to new
knowledge, resources and the capabilities of all
participants in the ecosystem, and as a result, will
contribute to the achievement of a synergistic effect in
managing the development of the intellectual
environment.
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
J. Howkins, The Creative Economy: How People Make Money
from Ideas. J. Howkins, Ed.; Penguin Books: London, UK, 304,
2002.
P. Higgs and S. Cunningham, "Creative Industries Mapping:
Where have we come from and where are we going?", Creative
Industri es Journal, 1 (1), 7-30, 2008.
C. Henry and A. De Bruin, Entrepreneurship and the Creative
Economy: Process, Practice and Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing:
Cheltenham, UK, 240, 2011.
T. Sung, "The creative economy in global competition", Technol.
Forecast. Soc. Chang., 96, 89-91, 2015.
L. Andres and J. Round, "The creative economy in a context of
transition: A review of the mechanisms of microresilience", Cities, 45, 1-6, 2015.
D. Štreimikienė and T. Kačerauskas, "The creative economy and
sustainable development: The Baltic States", Sustain. Dev., 28,
1632-1641, 2020.
A. Pratt, "The creative economy and sustainable
development", City Cult. Soc., 25, 100393, 2021.
H. Rodrigues-Insuasti, N. Montalvan-Burbano, O. SuaresRodrigues, M. Yonfa-Medranda and K. Parrales-Guerrero,
"Creative Economy: a Worldwide Research in Business,
Management and Accounting", October 2022. [Online].
Available:
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/23/16010.
[Accessed: 11 January 2023].
J. Moore, "Predators and Prey: A New Ecology of Competition",
Harvard Business Review, 71 (3), 75-86, 1993.
C. Cennamo and J. Santalo, "Platform Competition: Strategic
Trade-offs in Platform Markets", Strategic Management Journal,
34 (11), 1131-1350, 2013.
M. Jacobides, C. Cennamo and A. Gawer, "Towards a theory of
ecosystems", Strategic Management Journal, 38 (8), 2255-2276,
2018.
M. Tsujimoto, Y. Kajikawa, J. Tomita and Y. Matsumoto, "A
review of the ecosystem concept – Towards coherent ecosystem
design", Technological Forecasting and Social Change,136, 4958, 2018.
U. Pidun, M. Reeves and M. Schuessler, "Do You Need a Bisiness
Ecosistem?", 27 September 2019. [Online]. Available:
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
27
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/do-you-need-businessecosystem. [Accessed: 14 January 2023].
P. Senyo, K. Liu and J. Effah, "Digital Business Ecosystem:
Literature Review and a Framework for Future Research", Int. J.
Inf. Manag.,47, 52-64, 2019.
R. Ehrensperger, C. Sauerwein and R. Breu, "Current Practices in
the Usage of Inter-Enterprise Architecture Models for the
Management of Business Ecosystems", In Proceedings of the 2020
IEEE 24th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing
Conference (EDOC), Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 5–8 October
2020, 21–29.
M. Gueler and S. Schneider, "The resource-based view in
business: A perspective on the determinants of a valuable resource
and capability", Journal Business Research, 133, 158-169, 2021.
A. Dima, A. Bugheanu, R. Dinulescu, A. Potcovaru, C. Stefanescu
and I. Marin, "Exploring the Research Regarding Frugal
Innovation and Business Sustainability through Bibliometric
Analysis", Sustainability, 14, 1326, 2022.
S. Mazilu, C. Incaltarau and K. Kourtit, "The Creative Economy
Through the Lens of Urban Resilience. An Analysis of Romanian
Cities", Transylv. Rev. Adm. Sci., 59, 77-103, 2020.
I. Dubina and D. Campbell, "Creativity Economy Versus Creative
Economy", Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation and
Entrepreneurship, 1-6, 2019.
"Creative Industry 4.0. Towards a new globalized creative
economy", 2022, United Nations publication issued by the United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development. [Online].
Available:
https://unctad.org/system/files/officialdocument/ditctncd2021d3_en.pdf. [Accessed: 18 January 2023].
A. Fachinelli, F. Carrillo and A. D’Arisbo, "Capital system,
creative economy and knowledge city transformation: Insights
from Bento Gonçalves, Brazil", Expert Syst. Appl., 41, 5614-5624,
2014.
A. Pratt and T. Hutton, "Reconceptualising the relationship
between the creative economy and the city: Learning from the
financial crisis", Cities, 33, 86-95, 2013.
P. Santana and F. Silveira, "Empreendedorismo na indústria
criativa: Um estudo bibliométrico", Rev. Adm. UFSM,12, 125-141,
2019.
UNCTAD, Creative Economy. Report 2008, UNCTAD: Geneva,
Switzerland.
H. Bakhshi and E. McVittie, "Creative supply-chain linkages and
innovation: Do the creative industries stimulate business
innovation in the wider economy?", Innovation: Organization &
Management, 11 (2), 169-189, 2009.
R. Afriantari and W. Harikesa, "Industry Revolution 4.0:
Strengthening the Creative Economy Sectors through BEKRAF
Implementation Programs", Journal Transborders, 3 (2), 28-43,
2020.
J. Howkins, Creative Ecologies: Where Thinking Is a Proper Job.
University of Queensland Press, 162, 2009.
The future of the creative economy. A report by Deloitte, June
2021. [Online]. Available: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/
dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/technology-mediatelecommunications/deloitte-uk-future-creative-economy-reportfinal.pdf. [Accessed: 21 January 2023].
J. Moore, The Death of Competition: Leadership and Strategy in
the Age of Business Ecosystems. New York: Harper Paperbacks,
1997.
K. Eisenhard and D. Galunic, "Coevolving: At last, a Make
Synergies Work", Harvard Business Review, 1, 91-101, 2000.
I. Yu. Pidorycheva, Formation of the institutional environment for
the modernization of the economy of the old industrial regions of
Ukraine. NAS of Ukraine, Institute of Industrial Economics, Kyiv,
90, 2022.
Y. Burda, I. Volkova and E. Gavrikova, "Meaningful analysis of
innovation, business and entrepreneurial ecosystem concepts",
Russian Management Journal,18 (1), 73-102, 2020.
J. Wareham, P. Fox and J. Giner, "Technology ecosystem
governance", Organization Science, 25 (4), 1211, 2014.
H. Stevencon and J. Jarillo Mossi, "Preserving entrepreneurship as
companies grow", Journal of Business Strategy,7(1), 10-23, 1986.
Environment. Technology. Resources. Rezekne, Latvia
Proceedings of the 14th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Volume 1, 22-28
[35] E. Malecki, "Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems",
Geography Compass, 12 (3), 12359, 2018.
[36] V. Paridaa, T. Burströmc, I.
Visnjicd and J. Wincent,
"Orchestrating industrial ecosystem in circular economy: A two-
stagetransformation model for large manufacturing companies",
Journal of Business Research, 101, 715-725, 2019.
[37] A. Osterwalder and Y. Pigneur, Business model generation: A
handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers.
Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
28