Bursa, as the first capital of Ottoman State, is a peculiar Anatolian city representing unique urban development of Early Ottoman Era. Various studies have depicted that there was an established Ottoman model for the development of new towns and agreed that the Early Ottoman urban pattern beginning with Bursa influenced the development of Balkan cities that were conquered during the 14 th century. This study focuses on the effects of urban development idea of Early Ottoman State on Bursa and Skopje. Skopje is one of the Balkan cities conquered by Ottomans following Bursa. The city of Skopje, displayed similar characteristics with Bursa in terms of its topography and urban pattern. Although their development differed after the Ottoman sovereignty ended, their early development displayed some similarities. The settlement pattern, during Early Ottoman Era, can be characterized with an existing citadel, a bazaar and neighborhoods called ‘mahalle’. These neighborhoods were developed aro...

In the domestication of water resources there are two main strategies. A passive strategy covers many adaptive kinds of the surface water resources usage. An active strategy includes actions to save drinking water, as well as its extraction and use in various sectors of the economy. Artificial wells for obtaining water, as a manifestation of an active strategy, are early hydrotechnical struc- tures. The article gives a brief excursion into the history of the origin of the tradition of the con- struction of shaft wells, related in time and in essence to the Neolithic revolution in the Middle East, from where they spread to Europe. In Eurasia, early wells are associated with the Bronze Age settlements. They occur in the settlements of the Sintashta, Alakul, Srubna, Cherkaskul cultures, and for the most part they are characteristic of the steppe zone, but are also found in the forest- steppe. The article also examines various aspects of studying the wells of the sixth excavation unit of the Kamenny Ambar fortified settlement. A brief description of the studied wells is given, their relationship with residential buildings, parameters, design, chronology and cultural attribution are analyzed. The problem of their functional purpose is discussed as well.

Review article in Cambridge Archaeological Journal / Volume 16 / Issue 03 / October 2006, pp 354 - 356

Cancer-associated thrombosis is common. Recommended treatment is daily injected low-molecular-weight heparin for 6 months. Most studies focus on prophylaxis and treatment; few have explored the patients' experience. To identify and synthesise the available literature concerning patients' experience of cancer-associated thrombosis. Systematic literature review and qualitative thematic synthesis. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO (until 10/2016; limited to English) were searched. Eligible papers were qualitative studies of adult patients' experience of cancer-associated thrombosis. Two researchers screened titles/abstracts/papers against inclusion criteria with recourse to a third for disagreements. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist tool was used for quality appraisal. A total of 1397 articles were identified. Five qualitative studies (total n = 92; age range 32-84 years) met the inclusion criteria. Participants had various cancer types. Most had ad...