Defensores, curatores e togati. Il ruolo dei viri perfectissimi nella tutela delle comunità municipali della tarda antichità

Confronto tra il danno per morte del congiunto nell'antica Roma e nell'epoca contemporanea

TRACCE DI TRASFORMAZIONE TRA EPOCA ROMANA E TARDO ANTICO NELLA PARTE OCCIDENTALE DELL’AGER PLACENTINUS., 2019

TRACCE DI TRASFORMAZIONE TRA EPOCA ROMANA E TARDO ANTICO NELLA PARTE OCCIDENTALE DELL’AGER PLACENTINUS. La civitas romana si trasforma nella civitas romana barbarica e con la calata delle popolazioni provenienti dal Nord si avvia la crisi del periodo Tardoantico. Nell'intera zona emiliana, il quadro socio-economico del periodo vede la nascita di una nuova aristocrazia militare, i cui esponenti ampliano sempre più i loro possedimenti, a discapito dei piccoli proprietari terrieri; le campagne iniziano a spopolarsi e le città a riempirsi di proletari, schiavi, uomini semi-liberi, contadini ridotti ad una condizione di povertà; le piccole proprietà terriere non sempre sono abbandonate dai contadini, ma vengono adibite a nuove funzioni. La crisi economica che ne seguirà contiene i prodromi della società medievale.

La fortuna degli Etruschi nella costruzione dell'Italia unita (Annali Fond. Museo C. Faina XVIII) a cura di G. Della Fina , 2011

2012

The bishops of Terra di Lavoro and the conservation of the parish archives in pre-unification Southern Italy

Quaderni dell’Istituto di Storia dell’Architettura, 2020

Di seguito la citazione completa che il sistema non accettava perché troppo lunga: Alessandro Pergoli Campanelli, "Manuteneantur et praeserventur, verum etiam antiqua et prisca aedificia, et illorum reliquiae ad posteros manenant. I pontefi ci romani e la rinascita del diritto antico sulla tutela dei monumenti", in "Realtà dell'architettura fra materia e immagine. Per Giovanni Carbonara: studi e ricerche", a cura di Daniela Esposito e Valeria Montanari, «Quaderni dell'Istituto di Storia dell’architettura», n.s. 2019, I, pp. 729-734. Starting from the end of the Roman Empire, two parallel and only apparently antithetical roads were taken immediately. One was the destruction of the Pagan world, with its idols and together with its magnificent and bulky monuments; another was a new feeling towards the conservation of the ruins of a world that seemed more and more clearly as far away. Both these attitudes led to the transformation of the ancient world into a new reality that now we can call "modern" and, in the Western world, certainly Christian. The ancient Roman emperors had an active and decisive role, working until the end to maintain or recover control of a context that is not always easily manageable. It happened that many ancient monuments were lost and, conversely, that many others, albeit transformed, were preserved, thanks to the legislative action of the last emperors. Finally Maioriano, with its constitution of 458 (De aedificiis publicis), represented the last act of a long and glorious legislative history of city heritage protection. After them, in the brief period of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy, established by the Ostrogoths in from 493 to 553, Roman Law was remained in force to authorize or deny any direct action on ancient monuments. In many cases, shown by the work of Cassiodoro, the cardinal principles codified in the Roman Law to protect the city's monuments reappeared in many measures aimed to the conservation and restoration of the ancient ruins. Together with the relentless and dramatically theatrical disappearance of the ancient monuments, now no longer functional to a different lifestyle and, in the case of Rome, certainly oversized compared to new small number of inhabitants, an ever-growing desire to preserve all that beautiful produced by the Romans, especially in the arts. At first only in those few more sensitive and nostalgic ones who helplessly witnessed the loss of many masterpieces of the past and then, gradually grew over the centuries, until it becomes a widespread need of conservation and restoration archaeological antiquities. The city of Rome in a similar path has always played a special role. First as the home of Roman Law and of great architectural monuments of the ancient city and then as the new apostolic seat of the Roman Church and its popes. Therefore it is no a coincidence that the first legislative texts for the preservation of ancient monuments were made by Roman Popes, starting from Martino V, with the Papal bull Etsi in cunctarum orbis provinciarum, up to the Apostolic Letter of Enea Silvio Piccolomini of 1462 (Quod antiqua aedificia Urbis, et eius districtus non diruantur) and Pope Sisto IV of 1474 (Cum provida sanctorum patrum decreta). And it is no coincidence that the darkest times for Roman monuments was represented by the absence of Law, when the Popes resided in Avignon. Petrarca recalls this in his famous letter to Cola di Rienzo (Sic paulatim ruine ipse deficiunt, ingens testimonium magnitudinis antiquorum ... hoc in Urbe Roma ... sublimis adhuc Imperii et summi Pontificis titulis illustrata ... paucorum tyrannorum libidinibus subiaceret, nemo quidem usque ad hoc tempus, qui satis indignaretur, inventus est) and in subsequent exhortations to Benedetto XII and Clemente VI to bring the papal residence back to Rome, up to the epistle to Urbano V in which he expresses the miserable situation of the city (longa suorum pontificum ac principum absentia extenuatam) and its monuments. This essay therefore proposes some of the first and most important legislative acts for the protection of ancient Heritage issued by the Roman Popes, reproducing in its full text with a modern translation, so that they can be reintegrated, as it should be, in the long and troubled History of a modern system of protection and conservation of monuments. Too often, in fact, an excessively severe contextualization of the legislative provisions issued by the Popes – as also in the past by the ancient emperors – has emphasized the coeval destruction of many ancient monuments cancelling, unfairly, their value in the slow, long and troubled road of formation of a modern feeling of protection and conservation of monuments, where every good effect is recognized only after a long time, hardly looking for its traces in the labyrinths of history.