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Anti doping laws generally exist in order to provide a safe and fair environment for participation in sport. These laws should prevent and protect athletes from subjecting themselves to health risks through the use of unsafe, but performance-enhancing drugs. Because of difficulties in proving intent to cheat, the World Anti-Doping Agency enforces a principle of strict liability for positive test results for banned substances. An area of major controversy with respect to liability is the “sports supplement” industry, which is poorly regulated when compared with prescription drugs yet is a potential source of doping violations. Medical practitioners can be found guilty of anti-doping violations if they traffic banned drugs, prescribe these to athletes or otherwise assist athletes in taking banned substances. Medical practitioners are also now required to complete paperwork (therapeutic use exemption forms) to enable athletes to take banned substances which are required on medical grounds for specific illnesses. Keywords: Anti doping, Cardiovascular diseases, infertility, Anabolic Steroids, Peak Performance, World Anti Doping Agency, Social Drugs.
The Medical journal of Australia, 2006
Doctors need to know if a patient is an athlete subject to drug testing, and to be aware of the legal situation surrounding drugs they prescribe such patients. Antidoping laws generally exist in order to provide a safe and fair environment for participation in sport. These laws should prevent and protect athletes from subjecting themselves to health risks through the use of unsafe, but performance-enhancing drugs. Because of difficulties in proving intent to cheat, the World Anti-Doping Agency enforces a principle of strict liability for positive test results for banned substances. An area of major controversy with respect to liability is the "sports supplement" industry, which is poorly regulated when compared with prescription drugs yet is a potential source of doping violations. Medical practitioners can be found guilty of anti-doping violations if they traffic banned drugs, prescribe these to athletes or otherwise assist athletes in taking banned substances. Medical pr...
International Journal of Law, Government and Communication (IJLGC), 2019
Morally speaking, employing Performance-Enhancing Medicines (PEMs) in sports is not acceptable because using these medicines in sports competitions is associated with negative legal consequences. However, due to rapid advances in the genetic modification technologies, there is a fear that these therapeutic technologies have been applied to athletes (e.g., to prevent Myostatin from incapacitating skeletal muscle groups). Additionally, taking and giving performance-enhancing medicines are not only unethical, but such activities could even be illegal because of the dangerous side effects of drugs associated with it. The main issue that this paper is going to discuss in the absence of criminal provisions addressing the actions of doping generally and gene doping in many existing legal systems around the world. Another issue that this paper deals with is the lack of laboratory screening methods that can discover the occurrence of gene modifications. In this regard, this study attempts to...
Bioanalysis, 2012
The misuse of medicines for performance enhancement in sport (doping) is not approved by regulatory agencies, and is illegal in many countries. In addition to the 'traditional' doping agents such as steroids, β-blockers and blood transfusions, the list of agents and techniques used in doping is increasing and now includes newer medicines such as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and growth hormones. Innovative new medicines are of particular interest as would-be dopers may believe them to be undetectable by current methods. Close collaboration between the biopharmaceutical industry and anti-doping agencies such as the World Anti-Doping Agency is critical to a successful anti-doping strategy. Industry is ideally placed to identify the doping potential of new medicines at early stages and to support early development of detection assays. A strong, united front between the biopharmaceutical industry and anti-doping agencies is essential to counter the misuse of medicines for pe...
Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2018
Through doping, we understand the use by athletes of substances prohibited by the anti-doping agencies in order to gain a competitive advantage. Since sport plays an important role in physical and mental education and in promoting international understanding and cooperation, the widespread use of doping products and methods has consequences not only on health of the athletes, but also upon the image of sport. Thus, doping in sports is forbidden for both ethical and medical reasons. Narcotics and analgesics, anabolic steroids, hormones, selective androgen receptor modulators are among the most frequently utilized substances. Although antidoping controls are becoming more rigorous, doping and, very importantly, masking doping methods are also advancing, and these are usually one step ahead of doping detection techniques. Depending on the sport practiced and the physical attributes it requires, the athletes will look for one or more of the following benefits of doping: recovering from ...
In simple words doping can be described as the use of substances or other means or methods to artificially increase the performance of an athlete, who takes part in or is prepared for competitions. Doping is also defined as "occurrence of one or more of Anti Doping Rule Violations." Anti Doping Rule Violations means tampering or attempting to tamper any part of doping control, trafficking of prohibited Substance/prohibited method, possession of prohibited substances & methods, complicity: encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring, covering up or any other type of intentional complicity involving an ADRV or any attempted ADRV, administration or attempted administration of a prohibited substance/prohibited method to any athlete or assisting, encouraging, aiding, prohibited association: associating with a person such as a coach, doctor or physio who has been found guilty of a criminal or disciplinary offence equivalent to a doping violation, violation of requirements regarding Athletes availability for out-of-competition testing, refusing or evading sample collection, use or attempted use of prohibited method or substances, presence of a prohibited substance/metabolites/ markers in athletes urine/ blood. Many athletes serve as wonderful, clean role models for children and adolescents, but high-profile athletes who cheat and win, which largly encourage the use of steroids, supplements, stimulants, and narcotics among young athletes. Despite progress in drug testing, challenges remain in addressing this important health and ethical issue. The reasons an athlete might choose to dope vary. Many physicians attempt to deter athletes from cheating by educating them about the physical, psychosocial, legal, and ethical consequences of drug use. However, some physicians rationalize that "supervising" doping behavior renders this practice safer, despite no supporting evidence. Physicians who aid and abet doping practices violate the Hippocratic Oath and the policies of most sports and exercise organizations. Considerations emerging from the congress that might be helpful for sports medicine and other concerned health care practitioners include the Urge your medical organization to take action if physicians and other health care practitioners are over treating "growth" deficiency or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or are inappropriately prescribing testosterone and stimulants. Ask athletes in your medical practice to commit to seeking your advice on the use of dietary supplements or medication, noting that your advice will be documented in their records. Ask coaching and training staff to sign a similar agreement that they will not provide nutritional supplements or vitamin products to athletes or counsel their use without your consent. By engaging in some activities, physicians will be part of a collaborative effort to promote the opportunity for all children, adolescents, young athletes, and exercisers to participate and compete fairly in clean sports and athletic performance.
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