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The focus of this article is to provide a social and intellectual contextualization of Sperone Speroni’s Apologia dei dialogi whose attempts to untie the hermeneutical Gordian knot with which the Papal censors had bound literature led to the paradoxical condition of the parrhesiastes who reveals that truth lies in error.
Sperone Speroni and the Debate over Sophistry in the Italian Renaissance
Sperone Speroni and the Debate over Sophistry in the Italian Renaissance2017 •
2017 •
This dissertation analyzes the works of Sperone Speroni degli Alvarotti (Padua 1500–1588), his re-evaluation of ancient sophistic perspectives and his legacy in the early modern age. Although international studies on the subject are taken into consideration, this research is mainly conducted through a systematic exploration of ancient and early modern primary sources. The rigorous and direct analysis of the texts is a consistent practice for determining results. The subject of this research, at the intersection of Italian literature and philosophy, requires an interdisciplinary approach throughout the dissertation. Speroni was one of the most important protagonists of the Renaissance debate on language and logic as well as civil and speculative philosophy. Educated as an Aristotelian, he eventually developed a distinctive literary and philosophical production and was the first to challenge Plato’s (327-447 BCE) condemnation of sophists. Still, despite the fact that Speroni was a cen...
With the newly available lecture, La Parrêsia, originally given in 1982 at l’Université de Grenoble, Foucault examines the constraints that enable speakers to elaborate and test new political claims. La Parrêsia serves as a hinge between Foucault’s earlier work on the production of truth through confession, and his turn to modes of truth-telling in the ancient world. The speech of contest and law relies on pre-specified rules and procedures – rules that ostensibly protect from the vulnerable from domination, even as the expertise that governs these rules only reproduces political injuries and asymmetries. By contrast, the speech of parresia draws from the irreducible relationship between parresiastes and student and the political context it composes. Differently from Foucault’s other lectures on ancient ethics, I argue La Parrêsia sketches a space of freedom and truth-telling quite different from the pulpit, the clinic, the law court, or the Kantian public sphere.
1999 •
L’umanista padovano Sperone Speroni (1500-1588) scrisse il Dialogo della discordia tra il 1537 e il 1540 e lo incluse nella sua prima edizione dei Dialoghi, pubblicata a Venezia nel 1542 da Paolo Manuzio. In quest’opera Speroni critica la natura stessa della ricerca epistemologica e fenomenologica. Come si dimostra in questo saggio, il Dialogo della discordia e caratterizzato fondamentalmente dal dubbio e dall’ambiguita dal momento che si propone la difesa dell’impossibile. L’interlocutore principale, che si presenta come la dea Discordia, indebolisce il proprio caso a causa del suo temperamento che distorce e mina l’uso degli strumenti retorici a sua disposizione. La sua tesi pertanto e destinata a fallire fin dall’inizio per l’inclusione di elementi contrastanti e contradditori.
Parrhesia 2007
A QUESTION OF TWO TRUTHS? REMARKS ON PARRHESIA AND THE ‘POLITICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL’ DIFFERENCEThe Performance of Telling the Truth: The Foucauldian Reconstruction of Parrhēsía and its Contemporary Significance
The Performance of Telling the Truth: The Foucauldian Reconstruction of Parrhēsía and its Contemporary Significance2021 •
This thesis is a reconstruction of the Foucauldian genealogy of parrhēsía and an analysis of its contemporary significance. It is composed of three chapters, the first two being critical reconstructions of the genealogical analysis of truth-telling, provided by Michel Foucault throughout his late lecture series at Berkeley and the Collège de France, and the third chapter reveals the contemporary significance of the discoveries found in the previous chapters. I argue that Foucault overlooked the importance of rhetoric within his genealogy and drew an inordinate dichotomy between rhetoric and parrhēsía. I suggest that rhetoric plays a vital role in the performance of parrhēsía, whereas flattery is opposed to truth-telling. The first chapter engages with the meaning of parrhēsía in Greek Antiquity and I discuss the relationship between the three forms of parrhēsía that emerge: the personal, political, and philosophical. The second chapter probes the development of truth-telling within Christianity, in which I consider truth-telling in the New Testament and the institutionalisation of what Foucault terms, “a regime of truth”. Foucault identified two factors that contribute to the Christian regime of truth, “the regime of faith” and the “regime of confession”, which I elucidate. The third chapter examines how Foucault connects the Christian regime of truth with modern governments, or what he terms, the “new pastorate”, who control using discourses of governmentality and biopolitics. I investigate how the Internet disrupted the monopolisation of truth and explore the concept of “post-truth”. I argue that the term “alternative-truths” better captures the contemporary situation because access to the truth has become far more accessible thanks to the Internet. I present the example of Edward Snowden to illustrate the parallels between contemporary whistleblowing and Greek parrhēsía and discuss how the Internet enables parrhēsíastes to continue to tell the truth from exile. Thus, I conclude with the claim that the Internet enables truth-tellers to overcome limitations that hindered parrhēsíastes from the past.
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