Participatory Action Research

The well-being of the rural population globally has been associated with the performance and resilience of the agriculture sector. The sector continually requires new needs-based knowledge and technologies. It has become necessary to empower the rural communities through a wider bottom-up system that directly addresses their needs. This paper explores the application of little-used Participatory Livelihood Analysis for the adoption and up-scaling of its use in the assessment of agricultural-extension-needs for disadvantaged rural communities. It presents a case study of a village perceived by Agriculture stakeholders as disadvantaged in Nandi County, Kenya. Using a case study design and a participatory livelihood analysis approach, the descriptive study analyses the pentagon of resources (Natural/Land, human, social, physical and financial) based on the sustainable livelihood framework. It identifies livelihood strategies, constraints and opportunities for improvement on the performance of the livelihood strategies. The study observed that the Participatory Livelihood Analysis approach was an effective method in the assessment of agricultural-extension-needs of disadvantaged communities in relatively remote locations. Further trials of the approach in similar socioeconomic contexts for use in needs assessment are recommended.

... Joshua M. Price a * pages 387-412. ... View all references). The management received our evaluation of the program with skepticism tinged with hostility and I almost lost my job. What follows is an ethnographic, even an auto‐ethnographic, case study. What was I doing? ...

This article offers a critical transdisciplinary heuristic as both a tool for critique of neoliberal reforms in schools, particularly in science and environmental education, and a springboard for the reconstruction of education along more equitable and sustainable lines. Emerging from the sociocultural study of science, critical pedagogy, critical youth studies, and participants’ reflections on practice, this heuristic challenges hegemonic assumptions pervasive in science teaching, learning, and research by foregrounding the lived experiences of students. Two narratives demonstrate the potential of this heuristic in both a formal and an informal context.

Here we present research resulting from a tribal-academic collaboration between the Chickasaw Language
Revitalization Program (CLRP) and the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). This collaboration began three years
ago, with a UTA service-learning trip to Ada, Oklahoma. The Chickasaw Language Revitalization Program is
vigorously engaged in many activities to support language use by the remaining 70 or so fluent speakers. Communities
facing such stark endangerment must address revitalization and documentation simultaneously, and in a way that
maximizes resources. Our partnership offers ideas on how to approach this challenge.

We draw on the principles of Community-Based Language Research, defined in Czaykowska-Higgins (2009:
24) as a model that "not only allows for the production of knowledge on a language, but also assumes that that
knowledge can and should be constructed for, with, and by community members, and that it is therefore not merely (or
primarily) for or by linguists." Benefitting from an action-research model, our collaboration supports the Chickasaw
community by doing revitalization-driven documentation and training materials for learners that both feed into and are
drawn from documentation. Both sides of our collaboration are committed to the transfer of knowledge, especially
sharing our findings and knowledge with other endangered language communities.

Après avoir dresser un état des lieux des évolutions de la Recherche Action Participative (RAP) et des Sciences Citoyennes (SC), cet article présente un dispositif innovant nommé Artivistes-atelier (AA) visant à accompagner les politiques publiques sur la qualité de l'air en intégrant le citoyen dans la boucle décisionnelle prenant en compte le champ de contraintes sociales et environnementales y compris les épineux aspects métrologiques. Il détaille comment le dispositif (AA) s'intègre et se développe dans deux projets de recherche complémentaire (Air Climat Santé Société & Art et BREATHE) sur la qualité de l'air pour apporter des réponses concrètes à des problèmes complexes dans un esprit résolument pragmatique, critique et réflexif. Abstract After drawing an inventory of developments in Participatory Action Research (RAP) and Citizen Sciences (SC), this article presents an innovative device called Artivistes-atelier (AA) aimed to help public policies on the air qualit...

Background: The scientific literature on health care quality, health literacy, and chronic illness calls not for more data or innovative interventions but for a new paradigm that accounts for the importance of subjectivity and interpersonal relationships to these problems.  Specifically, leaders in public health and health care quality are calling for a systems approach and for practice-based research to address the Quality Chasm.
Research Objective: The goal of this practice-based project was to demonstrate the application of a Model of Dynamic Quality to the process of advising members of an outpatient services clinic via a council comprised of patients and community members and to share its results and implications for public health practice and leadership.
Data Sets and Sources: Participant observation was the primary means of data collection.  Over the course of two years, the primary investigator and council participants digitally recorded the majority of the council and facilitator meetings and more than 50 semi-structured participant (key informant) interviews related to the council process. Other documents, artifacts, and more than 2000 field notes also comprise the ethnographic record that is the data set for this project.
Study Design: An intentional mix of ethnography and interpretive phenomenology were used to accommodate the ambiguous, situational, and dynamic nature of advisory council structures and the inherent importance of subjectivity to the concepts of health care quality and patient-centeredness.
Analysis: The data generated through this project were analyzed using two processes—first, guided reflection by the project participants, then critical interpretation of this data through the application of a theoretical Model of Dynamic Quality.  Member checking (the process of returning to the participants, one or more times after the initial observation, in order to determine their thoughts on the accuracy or “truthfulness” of the information collected, the resultant themes, and conclusions) was used to address the need for rigor, validity, and “objectivity.”
Principal Findings: Specific areas for improvement in local practice were identified and were organized around four themes that emerged from the data: Purpose, Decision-making, Organizational Structure, and Communication. Dialogue was needed about the purpose of the council and their ideas about quality. Transparency was needed in the decision-making process. The use of existing organizational structure to frame a patient-centered care model was a barrier to the development of new relationships and to the integration of silos.  The concept of subjective/objective dualism and a bias for expert opinion were barriers to interpersonal communication in the process.
Conclusions:  The practice of patient-centered care is difficult in an expert-driven culture. Evidence-based templates, expert advice, and financial incentives offered by traditional, authoritative, agenda-setting institutions in health care and government are of limited value in local practice. The concept of Dynamic Quality and the principles of practice-based research can help identify and address problems encountered on the local level when trying to move the culture of hierarchical, expert-centered health care organizations toward patient-centeredness.
Implications for Public Health Practice and Policy: In order to address the 21st century health care challenges of quality improvement, chronic illness, and health literacy, current leaders and policy makers must acknowledge the limits of expert-defined “quality standards” and explore ways to give the power and responsibility for defining health and health care quality back to the public.  Systems science, practice-based research, and a Model of Dynamic Quality, as demonstrated here, are useful tools toward that end.

Art is not created from standardization or schedules imposed from external forces, rather the artist determines the appropriate methodology and process. Children need the freedom and agency to experiment with alternative materials and methods and time to discover the openness of the creative process.

Before youth can be accepted as important players in school decision making, the concept of “student voice must gain acceptance among powerful stakeholders in the school. Using social movement theory as a lens, the paper examines the consequences of positioning a student voice effort inside or outside of school walls. The paper finds that positioning influences the legitimacy, sustainability, and scope of changes that a student voice initiative can pursue.

Abstrakt:
Przedstawiony artykuł jest sprawozdaniem z interpretatywnego badania jakościowego wykorzystującego strategię uczestniczącego badania w działaniu zrealizowanego w jednej ze szkół podstawowych działających w oparciu o pedagogikę Marii Montessori. Pierwszą część tekstu stanowi synteza głównych założeń pedagogiki montessoriańskiej. Następnie przedstawiono założenia metodologiczne partycypacyjnego badania w działaniu, lecz kluczową częścią sprawozdania są uzyskane wyniki badań, które wskazują na konieczność wdrażania  immersyjnych programów nauczania języka obcego w placówkach tego typu. Badania wskazują na możliwe ryzyka zapoznawania podstawowych zasad edukacji w systemie Montessori w sytuacji realizowania zajęć z języka obcego realizowanych przez nauczycieli wyspecjalizowanych w języku obcym, ale niebędącymi pedagogami Montessori.  Tym samym wskazano na konieczność kształcenia nauczycieli języków obcych w zakresie pedagogii alternatywnych.

Abstract:
The article presented is a research report conducted in one of the Montessori elementary schools with the use of participatory action research strategy.  The first part of the text is devoted the synthesis of key Montessori pedagogy principles. Then the author describes the methodological assumptions of the participatory action research, however the essential part of the article consists of the research results and outcomes that show that it is advisable to implement immersion foreign language programmes in such schools. It is also necessary for the foreign language teachers to be familiarised with this pedagogical approach apart from being English teaching methodology educated. The research reveals the necessity of thorough and alternative pedagogical education of L2 teachers.

Title. Acknowledging communication: a milieu-therapeutic approach in mental health careAim.  This paper is a report of a study to develop milieu therapists’ acknowledging communication in their relationships with patients.Background.  Gunderson’s therapeutic processes in milieu therapy have come into use in a broad range of mental health contexts in many countries. Research in nursing indicates that validation needs a more concrete development for use in clinical work.Methods.  Schibbye’s theory, ‘Intersubjective relational understanding’, formed the theoretical foundation for a participatory action research project in 2004–2005. The data comprised the researcher’s process notes written during participation in the group of group leaders every second week over a period of 18 months, clinical narratives presented by participants in the same group, and eight qualitative interviews of members of the reflection group.Findings.  The core concept in acknowledging communication, mutuality, was described as inter-subjective sharing of feelings and beliefs in a respectful way. Participants presented their process of development as a movement from knowing what was best for the patient (acknowledging patients as competent persons, a milieu-therapy culture based on conformity), to appreciating diversity and stubborn talk, to reflective wondering questions. Misunderstanding of acknowledgement occurred, for instance, in the form of always being supportive and affirmative towards patients.Conclusion.  The concrete approaches in acknowledging communication presented in this article could be a fruitful basis for educating in and developing milieu therapy, both for nursing and in a multi-professional approach in clinical practice and educational institutions. Future research should focus on broader development of various areas of acknowledging communication in practice, and should also include patients’ experiences of such approaches.

Download here: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10115572/1/Heritage-Conservation-and-Social-Engagement.pdf Heritage Conservation and Social Engagement is an edited volume that explores different kinds of engagement, participation, access, and creative use of resources motivated by the practice of conservation, and offers ethical and practical perspectives from which to approach cultural heritage projects. The chapters are structured around the themes of engagement and participation, with an emphasis on the value of cross-disciplinary collaborations and the adoption of more encompassing approaches to conservation decision-making. The authors explore the complexities of these collaborations, which are often influenced by the colonial baggage of museums and whose effectiveness vary according to context, objectives, methods and resources available. TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction Renata F. Peters 1. Conservation and engagement: transforming and being transformed Renata F. Peters 2. Conservation and collaboration: a discussion Miriam Clavir 3. The role of conservation education in reconciliation: the example of the Iraqi Institute for the Conservation of Antiquities and Heritage Jessica S. Johnson, Kim Cullen Cobb and Brian Michael Lione 4. Community involvement in built heritage conservation: the case study of the Birzeit Historic Centre Rehabilitation Project, Palestine Anna Teresa Ronchi 5. Putting sustainability Into practice: the use of locally available materials in conservation Flavia Ravaioli 6. The ‘Open Lab Project’: addressing the skills deficit of volunteer community archaeologists in Lincolnshire, UK Craig Spence 7. Cultural heritage conservation and public benefits: effectiveness of Kenya’s legal and administrative framework Gilbert Wafula 8. Learning from archives: integrating preservation and access Nancy Bell and Dinah Eastop 9. Objects And Wellbeing: a personal view Elizabeth Pye

This user-friendly book provides a step-by-step guide to using the five major approaches to research design: quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods, arts-based, and communitybased participatory research. Chapters on each approach follow a unique format—they present a template for a research proposal and explain in detail how to conceptualize and fill in every section. Terminology commonly used within each approach is identified, and key moments of ethical decision making are flagged. Interdisciplinary research examples draw on current events and social justice topics. Unique coverage includes hot topics: replication studies and data sharing, tailoring proposals to different audiences, and more. The book also includes a general introduction to social research; an in-depth, practical discussion of ethics; and a chapter on how to begin a research study, from planning a topic to developing a research question via a literature review.

Includes Pedagogical Features 

Clinical engagement is often removed from everyday social processes familiar to Māori (indigenous people of Aotearoa [New Zealand]), as it can focus on health consumerism rather than communication and connection. The health encounter is not a routine social engagement, patients often feel unwell and experience a range of emotions; feeling unsure, vulnerable, nervous and out of their comfort zone. Patients are faced with health literacy (HL) demands, such as new information, words and concepts and may be faced with making quick decisions. Feeling guided, supported and safe are important factors in interactions with health professionals. Drawing on a literature review and some of the findings from a Kaupapa Māori Evaluation which analysed some participants' perspectives of the effectiveness and impact of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) medicines health literacy intervention trial, this paper provides a distal understanding of interpersonal dynamics of HL that is vital to understanding how it might be more useful in the context of Māori communities. The paper highlights a shared health system experience expressed by CVD patients as their yearning for whanaungatanga (relationship, kinship, connection) and reciprocal and responsive relationships; a space to be ourselves, to be Māori.

ABSTRACT
Problem, research strategy, and findings: When Arnstein created the ladder of participation, local
gov-
ernments engaged predominately urban African-American neighborhoods through federally funded pro-
grams. Fifty years later, preservationists and heritage conservationists pursuing participatory
engagement
models in these communities find sustaining interest difficult. Absent from planning literature is
guidance
on how to ensure grassroots preservationists of color retain control during engagement. In this
study we
ask practitioners and scholars to consider the optimum approach to researching or preservation
planning
in this context. Through participatory action and ethnographic research, one of us (Roberts) helped
design a hybrid forum-style symposium dedicated to preserving historic Black settlement heritage.
As a
researcher and symposium co-planner, I documented local preservation knowledge using questionnaires
and performative storytelling while helping descendants of historic African-American settlements
identify
shared priorities and challenges. Findings suggest action researchers and preservationists must
“remix”
roles and the rungs of Arnstein’s ladder of participation to sustain and center stakeholder
involvement
when planning with marginalized communities. Remixing consists of strategically sampling, looping,
and
layering promising local knowledge with that of experts to support citizen-centered preservation
plan-
ning. By centering culturally informed planning approaches and negotiating with stakeholders,
professio-
nals can create the conditions for participation that support sustained involvement. Symposium co-
organizing and data collection catalyzed the ethical coproduction of knowledge and fostered ongoing
research and collaborative projects after study completion.
Takeaway for practice: Remixing as praxis offers a framework for engaged preservation and heritage
conservation that reinforces citizen empowerment through identification and application of
innovative
practices rooted in local knowledge. Identifying local practices that foster attachment and break
down
the hierarchy between expert and grassroots practitioners is essential to achieving praxis.

The various manifestations of the effects of divisive Apartheid city planning has resulted in the city itself becoming an urgent social question - one such manifestation is the mixed-use megaproject of Cornubia. Diverse and complex as both a driver of economic growth and of social redistribution that simultaneously addresses and reproduces the unjust socio-spatial geography through the commodification of resources and the provision of housing as a band-aid solution to informal citizenship.

It is here that the relocated community of the Cornubia Phase 1A: Pilot Phase Housing Settlement are further divided through large scale organisation across the division of access, labour and gender.  Literature has illustrated how critical gender and water relations are, with the right to water interlinked with that to equity, dignity and life – the paradox of this relationship is made manifest within Cornubia. Deconstruction as a lens has afforded the opportunity to work with the existing, to reconceptualise citizenship, accessibility and dignity through the paradox and possibility of gender and water relations. An extended method of “walking together”, Masihambisane revealed more than just data, but insight to the way in which the lives of the relocated community are made and remade everyday. The conscientisation of the organic intelligence of the informal access, use and management of water by women in and as architecture has revealed itself as holding the potential to define a more equitable city.

Unpacking the concepts behind gender and water relations has proposed a design framework that can be used to inform a socially responsive architecture through dialogue and participation, the layering of social, economic and environmental programme and the changeability of the environment within the proposed, recognising the everyday as a claim to citizenship through A Water Reclamation Plant for Cornubia. 

Keywords:
binary, citizenship, commons, community, deconstruction, everyday, gender, infrastructure, participatory practice, rights.

In an effort to carve a distinct place for social facts without lapsing into a holistic ontology, John Greenwood has sought to define social phenomena solely in terms of the attitudes held by the actor(s) in question. I argue that his proposal allows for the possibility of a “lone collectivity” that is (1) unpalatable in its own right and (2) incompatible with the claim that sociology is autonomous from psychology. As such, I conclude that the relevant beliefs need to be held by more than one person.

Nilai-nilai lokal dan kearifan lokal di seluruh penjuru nusantara ini telah mengalami pengikisan, dari waktu ke waktu. Bahkan tujuan dari berdirinya NKRI sudah mulai simpang-siur, dan setiap kelompok memiliki tujuan yang berbeda dalam pandangan berbangsa dan bernegara. Hal ini nampak pada menjamurnya perbedaan pendapat, dari mulai ideologi sampai dengan rasisme yang berbisik secara lirih dalam wacana kelompok-kelompok tertentu dan bahkan beberapa waktu terdengar teriak lantangnya atas nama mobilisasi masa. Kerukukan dalam masyarakat sering kali menjadi peka dan cukup berpotensi terjadi gesekan antar kelompok masyarakat. Pemutaran film dan sosialisasi mengenai kesadaran akan kondisi yang plural dan menumbuhkan jiwa multikultur kiranya perlu untuk dikembangkan.
Kegiatan ini sebagai bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam menjalankan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi.  Kami mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada Pihak Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, yaitu Dekan serta jajaran beliau, terimakasih juga kepada Ketua Lembaga Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPKM) beserta staf beliau yang telah memberikan dukungan serta kemudahan-kemudahan yang diberikan.

Participatory research reverses the meaning of experience. It is carried out with the populations, for them, but not about them. It involves different relationships between people and researchers, research institutes and the state. It does not present a single method, but multiple approaches that stem more from an attitude than a methodology: the awareness that people have knowledge, knowledge and experience that it is important to take into account.

This book shows the flexibility of this participatory approach. The first part deals with the various methodological problems (stages, approaches, priorities, etc.). The second part presents six participatory research experiences carried out in Asia, Latin America and Africa in various fields.

The two publishers have participated in numerous missions using participatory approaches.

Final report of the four-month Modernizing Extension and Advisory Services Field Support Activity in the Republic of Tajikistan. Implemented by the University of Illinois to support the US Government Feed the Future activity. Annexes to the report (some separate, some in the main report document)  include a number of materials about agricultural policy, land reform, local government and economics in Tajikistan.

Sumário
Seguindo a perspetiva do projeto SoMus, “A Sociedade no Museu”, e com o objetivo de
refletir sobre o conceito de participação cultural e sobre as práticas que lhe estão associadas,
os seus impactes e consequências no campo da cultura, mais concretamente no dos museus,
apresentamos aqui uma breve recolha conceitual sobre a evolução do conceito de participação ao longo das últimas décadas, debruçando-nos de seguida sobre os seus usos museais na ótica da construção de uma democracia cultural. Finalmente, e como fruto da pesquisa e da experiência de trabalho desenvolvida com os museus parceiros do SoMus, propomos a nossa própria definição do conceito.
Onde começa e acaba a Museologia Participativa ou de coprodução cidadã? Quais os códigos, as métricas e os valores subjacentes a cada uma das formas de participação cultural
que encontramos atualmente nos museus? De que forma podemos melhorar as nossas práticas para construir museus mais úteis em sociedades globais, em transição, no cerne de
uma multiculturalidade evolutiva?

Abstract
Under the perspective of the SoMus project "Society in the Museum", and aiming to
reflect on the concept of cultural participation and related practices, its impacts and consequences on culture, in general, and on museums, in particular, in this essay we shall firstly present a brief conceptual collection on the evolution of the concept of participation over the past few decades and secondly we shall analyze its application on museums regarding the production of a cultural democracy. Finally, and as a result of research and working experience with the SoMus partner museums, we shall propose our definition of the concept.
Where does Participatory Museology start and where it ends? What are the codes, the
metrics and the underlying values of each of the forms of cultural participation that we
presently find in museums? How can we improve our practices to build museums which
are more useful to global societies living in transition and at the core of an evolving multiculturalism