A circle is a simple shape in Euclidean geometry. It is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre; equivalently it is the curve traced out by a point that moves so that its distance from a given point is constant. The distance between any of the points and the centre is called the radius.

A circle is a simple closed curve which divides the plane into two regions: an interior and an exterior. In everyday use, the term "circle" may be used interchangeably to refer to either the boundary of the figure, or to the whole figure including its interior; in strict technical usage, the circle is only the boundary and the whole figure is called a disk.

A circle may also be defined as a special ellipse in which the two foci are coincident and the eccentricity is 0, or the two-dimensional shape enclosing the most area per unit perimeter squared, using calculus of variations.

Terminology

Circles was a feminist film and video distribution network in the UK, which was set up out of a desire to distribute and screen women's films on their own terms. It was founded in 1979 by feminist filmmakers Lis Rhodes, Jo Davis, Felicity Sparrow and Annabel Nicolson, publishing a 1980 catalogue including about 30 films, and it closed in 1991, largely due to funding issues that also prompted the merger of Circles and Cinema of Women, which led to the formation of Cinenova. A previous funding crisis in 1987, when funding by Tower Hamlets council had been withdrawn, had been resolved with replacement funding from the British Film Institute.

Origins

According to Jenny Holland and Jane Harris, "Circles started in 1979, partly as a response to an Arts Council of Great Britain exhibition on experimental film. Feeling that their work on women's involvement in this field was being marginalised, the women on the exhibition committee withdrew their painstakingly researched work and issued an explanatory statement. In many ways, this research was the cornerstone of Circles, which went on to distribute the films by Alice Guy, Germaine Dulac, Maya Deren, and Lois Weber which were to have been discussed in the exhibition." The statement, "Women and the Formal Film," was published in the "Film as Film" exhibition catalogue and acted as a manifesto for the distribution collective that emerged.

"Circles" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released as the final track of his 1982 album Gone Troppo. Harrison wrote the song in India in 1968 while he and the Beatles were studying Transcendental Meditation with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. The theme of the lyrics is reincarnation. The composition reflects the cyclical aspect of human existence as, according to Hindu doctrine, the soul continues to pass from one life to the next. Although the Beatles never formally recorded it, "Circles" was among the demos the group made at Harrison's home, Kinfauns, in May 1968, while considering material for their double album The Beatles.

Harrison revisited "Circles" during the sessions for his 1979 album George Harrison before he finally recorded it for Gone Troppo. Over this period, Harrison had softened the spiritual message in his work and had also begun to forgo the music business for a career as a film producer with his company HandMade Films. The song was produced by Harrison, Ray Cooper and former Beatles engineer Phil McDonald, with recording taking place at Harrison's Friar Park studio between May and August 1982. The track features extensive use of keyboards and synthesizer, with Billy Preston, Jon Lord and Mike Moran among the contributing musicians.

"Running" is a song written by Tony Kanal and Gwen Stefani for No Doubt's fifth studio album Rock Steady (2001) and was released worldwide as the album's fourth and final single on July 1, 2003. The song was also used on the last episode of the TV series Sabrina, the Teenage Witch in 2003.

The song received mixed reviews from music critics and was compared to Depeche Mode-style songs. The song only charted on the official charts of the United States, where it became the band's lowest charting single, and in Germany, where it had longest charting period. The song was accompanied by a music video which was directed by Chris Hafner, which featured many old and new pictures as well as clippings of the band members.

Background

The song was written by Stefani and bassist Tony Kanal in Kanal's living room. They used an old Yamaha keyboard that Kanal's father had purchased for him when he was in eighth grade and developed the song's harmony first and then wrote the lyrics. The band worked on the track to give it a "spacier sound" but were displeased with the result so they took the song to producer Nellee Hooper, who stripped Running down to the basics.The song was then produced by him, with whom Stefani collaborated again for her solo project two years later. Whatever the intent, the result was a track that resonated with catchy "Mario Bros." background instrumentation throughout the entire song.

Running is a single by the band InSoc (Information Society) originally released on the Creatures of Influence album in 1985. The single for Running was distributed to club DJs, and became a favorite all over clubs, particularly in the Latin clubs of New York City. The single was later remixed by Tommy Boy Records and the remix single was released and became even more of a club hit, eventually reaching #2 on the Dance/Club Airplay charts and becoming an enduring classic of the Freestyle genre. Tommy Boy Records signed Information Society in 1986 and their self-titled album soon followed, featuring a mix of the single. In 1988 Information Society's self-titled album was released and went platinum.

Unlike other singles in the catalogue, "Running" does not feature Kurt Harland on lead vocals, as the song was written and recorded by short-lived band member Murat Konar, who left the band in 1985 and would later be an integral part of the development of both SoundEdit (a Mac hosted sound editing application) and Adobe Flash applications. For a very long period of time, the band would not perform "Running" live, requesting not to be asked to play it and generally refusing all questions pertaining to their dislike of the song. It is generally believed this is due to the song being very difficult to play live, and because the song was written at a particularly fractious period in the band's life.

"Running" is a song by Hungarian American singer András Kállay-Saunders. It was chosen to represent Hungary at the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Denmark.

Background

In an interview with Wiwibloggs, András stated that "Running" was inspired by one of his friends that was an abuse victim. He also said that he wanted to bring awareness to this topic through his voice and he would like for abuse victims to know that they don't have to be afraid to speak up and ask for help.

Critical reception

The song's reviews were mostly positive.

With 10 reviews from Wiwibloggs, "Running" received an average of 8.65 out of 10 and was often described as the year's favorite. Wiwi gave the song a rate of 9 and said "Running" has strong vocals and clever production. Angus gave the song a rate of 7.5 and described "Running" was dark, sweeping, and had truly relentless composition. Billy gave the song a rate of 10 and remarked the "touching lyrics". He also said "Running" was his favorite of the year. Bogdan gave the song 9 out of 10 and said "András has brought a serious matter to the Eurovision table". Deban gave the song 9.5 out of 10 and said that András deserved a composer award for capturing social concerns with music. Katie gave the song 8 out of 10 and praised András's vocal performance. Padraig and Patrick both gave "Running" a rate of 9.5 of 10. Sami gave the song a rate of 9 and said that "Running" was one of the strongest songs. Lastly, Vebooboo gave the lowest score for "Running", 6.5 out of 10 and said "there are a couple of times where the song almost builds to a climax, but then it just stops and goes back to the basic refrain".

Byron Hamburgers Limited, trading as Byron, is a British restaurant chain offering a casual dining service with a focus on hamburgers. Founded in 2007 by Tom Byng, as of December 2015, Byron has 56 outlets, of which 38 are in London.

The chain is owned by Hutton Collins Partners, who purchased it for £100 million in October 2013.

Locations

The burger chain is UK-based, with 56 outlets, 38 in London.

History

The burger chain was founded in London in 2007 by Tom Byng, who developed the idea for the company while living in New York, where he would regularly eat at the Silver Top Diner in Providence, Rhode Island.

The chain was owned by Gondola Group, which also owns Ask and Zizzi. Gondola announced plans to sell Byron in October 2012. Potential buyers included Quilvest, owners of YO! Sushi, in June 2013 Gondola stated that it was abandoning plans to sell Byron, after offers failed to reach the company's estimated £100m price tag, and decided to accelerate expansion of Byron instead.