An instruction set, or instruction set architecture (ISA), is the part of the computer architecture related to programming, including the native data types, instructions, registers, addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, and external I/O. An ISA includes a specification of the set of opcodes (machine language), and the native commands implemented by a particular processor.

Overview

Instruction set architecture is distinguished from the microarchitecture, which is the set of processor design techniques used to implement the instruction set. Computers with different microarchitectures can share a common instruction set. For example, the Intel Pentium and the AMD Athlon implement nearly identical versions of the x86 instruction set, but have radically different internal designs.

The concept of an architecture, distinct from the design of a specific machine, was developed by Fred Brooks at IBM during the design phase of System/360.

Some virtual machines that support bytecode as their ISA such as Smalltalk, the Java virtual machine, and Microsoft's Common Language Runtime, implement this by translating the bytecode for commonly used code paths into native machine code. In addition, these virtual machines execute less frequently used code paths by interpretation (see: Just-in-time compilation). Transmeta implemented the x86 instruction set atop VLIW processors in this fashion.

Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered a subset of information and communications technology (ICT). In 2012, Zuppo proposed an ICT hierarchy where each hierarchy level "contain some degree of commonality in that they are related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communications.". Business/IT was one level of the ICT hierarchy.

The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, engineering, healthcare, e-commerce and computer services.

Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals. It was first published in 1880, is currently circulated weekly and has a print subscriber base of around 130,000. Because institutional subscriptions and online access serve a larger audience, its estimated readership is 570,400 people.

The major focus of the journal is publishing important original scientific research and research reviews, but Science also publishes science-related news, opinions on science policy and other matters of interest to scientists and others who are concerned with the wide implications of science and technology. Unlike most scientific journals, which focus on a specific field, Science and its rival Nature cover the full range of scientific disciplines. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Science's 2014 impact factor was 33.611.

Although it is the journal of the AAAS, membership in the AAAS is not required to publish in Science. Papers are accepted from authors around the world. Competition to publish in Science is very intense, as an article published in such a highly cited journal can lead to attention and career advancement for the authors. Fewer than 10% of articles submitted are accepted for publication.

Discovery Science Channel may refer to:

TV channels

Others

"I Love the World"
"I Hate the World"
"Discovery Toys"

See also (disambiguation) (Watch TV Below)

Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") usually describes the effort to understand how the universe works through the scientific method, with observable evidence as the basis of that understanding; a way of understanding the world through thought and experimentation. The sciences tend to be positivistic in their approach to truth and knowledge, in contrast to the humanities which tend toward relativism.

Historically and also in common use, the word "science" is often used as a shorthand for natural science, but other recognized science fields are social sciences, behavioral sciences, applied sciences and formal sciences - but not to humanities. "Science" may refer to any knowledge which has been reduced to an algorithmic system, and does not involve the need for an indescribable skill or mastery, such as a fine art. The general term art, and particularly the technical arts have some overlap with science, in this latter sense.

Disciplines referred to as "science":

Instruction were an alternative rock band that formed in 2002 in Brooklyn, New York. The band consisted of lead vocalist Arthur Shepherd, bassist Adam Marino, lead guitarist Tom Capone and drummer Ti Kreck.

Band history

Details of when the band originated are very obscure but they started to tour at the back end of 2002 with the official website stating the first date of their tour being December 19, 2002 at the Cavern in Exeter, England.

The band played a few gigs in Boston and back in their home city of Brooklyn before starting an extensive tour of the United Kingdom with the whole of 2003 being played in places such as Glasgow, Manchester, Norwich, Leicester, London & Middlesbrough. Nineteen of those dates were played with up and coming Welsh band Funeral for a Friend.

Instruction's original EP was released through Gravity DIP Records. This EP, paired with the loyal following their successful UK tour gave them, led to an appearance at the Download Festival in 2003. After a series of gigs after the Download Festival with Biffy Clyro and Hundred Reasons, the band was signed to Geffen Records for the release of their first major album, God Doesn't Care

A computer is a program machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.

Computer may also refer to: