Nuclear factor 1 X-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFIX gene.[5][6][7] NFI-X3, a splice variant of NFIX, regulates Glial fibrillary acidic protein and YKL-40 in astrocytes.[8]
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Transcription
Interactions
Nfix has been shown to interact with SKI protein[9] and it is also known to interact with AP-1.[8] NFI-X3 has been shown to interact with STAT3.[8]
In embryonic cells, Nfix has been shown to regulate intermediate progenitor cell (IPC) generation by promoting the transcription of the protein inscuteable (INSC). INSC regulates spindle orientation to facilitate the division of radial glia cells into IPC's. Nfix is thought to be necessary for the commitment of glia progeny into the intermediate progenitors. Mutations may cause overproduction of radial glia, impaired and improperly timed IPC development, and underproduction of neurons. [10]
In adult development, the timing of neural differentiation is regulated by Nfix to promote ongoing growth of the hippocampus and proper memory function. Nfix may suppress oligodendrocyte expression so cells remain committed to neuron development within the dentate gyrus. Intermediate progenitor cells can divide to produce neuroblasts. Neurons produced by Nfix null IPC's do not mature, usually die, and can contribute to cognitive impairments.[11]
Nfix interacts with myostatin and regulates temporal progression of muscle regeneration through modulation of myostatin expression. Nfix also inhibits the slow-twitch muscle phenotype.[12][13]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000008441 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001911 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Seisenberger C, Winnacker EL, Scherthan H (Aug 1993). "Localisation of the human nuclear factor I/X (NFI/X) gene to chromosome 19p13 and detection of five other related loci at 1p21-22, 1q42-43, 5q15, 11p13 and 20q13 by FISH". Hum Genet. 91 (6): 535–537. doi:10.1007/bf00205076. PMID 8340106. S2CID 22365562.
- ^ Qian F, Kruse U, Lichter P, Sippel AE (Dec 1995). "Chromosomal localization of the four genes (NFIA, B, C, and X) for the human transcription factor nuclear factor I by FISH". Genomics. 28 (1): 66–73. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1107. PMID 7590749.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: NFIX nuclear factor I/X (CCAAT-binding transcription factor)".
- ^ a b c Singh SK, Bhardwaj R, Wilczynska KM, Dumur CI, Kordula T (November 2011). "A complex of nuclear factor I-X3 and STAT3 regulates astrocyte and glioma migration through the secreted glycoprotein YKL-40". J. Biol. Chem. 286 (46): 39893–39903. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.257451. PMC 3220556. PMID 21953450.
- ^ Tarapore P, Richmond C, Zheng G, Cohen SB, Kelder B, Kopchick J, Kruse U, Sippel AE, Colmenares C, Stavnezer E (October 1997). "DNA binding and transcriptional activation by the Ski oncoprotein mediated by interaction with NFI". Nucleic Acids Res. 25 (19): 3895–3903. doi:10.1093/nar/25.19.3895. PMC 146989. PMID 9380514.
- ^ Harris, Lachlan; Zalucki, Oressia; Gobius, Ilan; McDonald, Hannah; Osinki, Jason; Harvey, Tracey J.; Essebier, Alexandra; Vidovic, Diana; Gladwyn-Ng, Ivan; Burne, Thomas H.; Heng, Julian I.; Richards, Linda J.; Gronostajski, Richard M.; Piper, Michael (2016-10-28). "Transcriptional Regulation of Intermediate Progenitor Cell Generation during Hippocampal Development". Development. 143 (24): 4620–4630. doi:10.1242/dev.140681. PMC 5201028. PMID 27965439.
- ^ Harris, Lachlan; Zalucki, Oressia; Clément, Olivier; Fraser, James; Matuzelski, Elise; Oishi, Sabrina; Harvey, Tracey J.; Burne, Thomas H. J.; Heng, Julian I.; Richards, Linda J.; Gronostajski, Richard M.; Piper, Michael (2018-02-07). "Neurogenic Differentation by Hippocampal Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells is Biased by NFIX Expression". Development. 145 (3): 1–12. doi:10.1242/dev.155689. PMID 29437824.
- ^ Omairi, Saleh; Matsakas, Antonios; Degens, Hans; Kretz, Oliver; Hansson, Kenth-Arne; Solbrå, Andreas Våvang; Bruusgaard, Jo C.; Joch, Barbara; Sartori, Roberta; Giallourou, Natasa; Mitchell, Robert; Collins-Hooper, Henry; Foster, Keith; Pasternack, Arja; Ritvos, Olli; Sandri, Marco; Narkar, Vihang; Swann, Jonathan R.; Huber, Tobias B.; Patel, Ketan (5 August 2016). Cossu, Giulio (ed.). "Enhanced exercise and regenerative capacity in a mouse model that violates size constraints of oxidative muscle fibres | eLife". eLife. 5: e16940. doi:10.7554/eLife.16940. PMC 4975572. PMID 27494364.
- ^ Rossi, Giuliana; Antonini, Stefania; Bonfanti, Chiara; Monteverde, Stefania; Vezzali, Chiara; Tajbakhsh, Shahragim; Cossu, Giulio; Messina, Graziella (8 March 2016). "Nfix Regulates Temporal Progression of Muscle Regeneration through Modulation of Myostatin Expression". Cell Reports. 14 (9): 2238–2249. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.014. PMC 4793149. PMID 26923583.
Further reading
- Apt D, Liu Y, Bernard HU (1994). "Cloning and functional analysis of spliced isoforms of human nuclear factor I-X: interference with transcriptional activation by NFI/CTF in a cell-type specific manner". Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (19): 3825–3833. doi:10.1093/nar/22.19.3825. PMC 308376. PMID 7937100.
- Sumner C, Shinohara T, Durham L, Traub R, Major EO, Amemiya K (1996). "Expression of multiple classes of the nuclear factor-1 family in the developing human brain: differential expression of two classes of NF-1 genes". J. Neurovirol. 2 (2): 87–100. doi:10.3109/13550289609146542. PMID 8799200.
- Wendler WM, Kremmer E, Förster R, Winnacker EL (1997). "Identification of pirin, a novel highly conserved nuclear protein". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (13): 8482–8489. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8482. PMID 9079676.
- Liu Y, Bernard HU, Apt D (1997). "NFI-B3, a novel transcriptional repressor of the nuclear factor I family, is generated by alternative RNA processing". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (16): 10739–10745. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.16.10739. PMID 9099724.
- Tarapore P, Richmond C, Zheng G, Cohen SB, Kelder B, Kopchick J, Kruse U, Sippel AE, Colmenares C, Stavnezer E (1997). "DNA binding and transcriptional activation by the Ski oncoprotein mediated by interaction with NFI". Nucleic Acids Res. 25 (19): 3895–3903. doi:10.1093/nar/25.19.3895. PMC 146989. PMID 9380514.
- Müller K, Mermod N (2000). "The histone-interacting domain of nuclear factor I activates simian virus 40 DNA replication in vivo". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (3): 1645–1650. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.3.1645. PMID 10636857.
- Nakazato M, Chung HK, Ulianich L, Grassadonia A, Suzuki K, Kohn LD (2000). "Thyroglobulin repression of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) gene expression is mediated by decreased DNA binding of nuclear factor I proteins which control constitutive TTF-1 expression". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (22): 8499–8512. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.22.8499-8512.2000. PMC 102156. PMID 11046146.
- Imagawa M, Sakaue R, Tanabe A, Osada S, Nishihara T (2000). "Two nuclear localization signals are required for nuclear translocation of nuclear factor 1-A". FEBS Lett. 484 (2): 118–124. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)02119-0. PMID 11068044. S2CID 46556394.
- Norquay LD, Yang X, Sheppard P, Gregoire S, Dodd JG, Reith W, Cattini PA (2003). "RFX1 and NF-1 associate with P sequences of the human growth hormone locus in pituitary chromatin". Mol. Endocrinol. 17 (6): 1027–1038. doi:10.1210/me.2003-0025. PMID 12624117.
- Gopalan SM, Wilczynska KM, Konik BS, Bryan L, Kordula T (2006). "Nuclear factor-1-X regulates astrocyte-specific expression of the alpha1-antichymotrypsin and glial fibrillary acidic protein genes". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (19): 13126–13133. doi:10.1074/jbc.M601194200. PMID 16565071.
- Ravichandran V, Sabath BF, Jensen PN, Houff SA, Major EO (2006). "Interactions between c-Jun, nuclear factor 1, and JC virus promoter sequences: implications for viral tropism". J. Virol. 80 (21): 10506–10513. doi:10.1128/JVI.01355-06. PMC 1641797. PMID 16928756.
External links
- NFIX+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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