Microvenular hemangioma is an acquired benign vascular tumor that presents as an asymptomatic, slowly growing, 0.5- to 2.0 cm reddish lesion on the forearms or other sites of young to middle-aged adults.[2] The cause of microvenular hemangioma is unknown, however it has been associated with immunosuppression.
Signs and symptoms
Microvenular hemangioma appears as slow-growing, frequently numerous lesions, erythematous, violaceous, or moderately pruriginous macules, papules, or nodules without any symptoms.[3] They usually appear on the forearm. There have also been reports of lesions on the soles of the feet, forehead, legs, and chest.[4]
Causes
Although the exact cause of microvenular hemangioma is uncertain, it has been found in certain instances during pregnancy or after changes in hormonal contraception.[5] In certain circumstances, imbalanced sex hormones could potentially be the cause.[6] Microvenular hemangioma has also been associated with immunosuppression.[7]
Diagnosis
Multiple distinct red globules are seen under a microscope, and a finely pigmented network is seen around the periphery.[8] Histologically, microvenular hemangioma is made up of venules with thin walls that branch erratically and have barely noticeable vascular lumina. The dermis's collagen bundles are thickened.[6] Pericytes envelop the endothelial cells,[9] which can exhibit a combination of plump and flat cells without pleomorphism or mitotic patterns.[10]
Immunohistochemically, an microvenular hemangioma's endothelial cells show positive staining for CD31, CD34, and factor VIII, while its pericytes show positive staining for SMA.[8][11] However, neither cell shows positive staining for podoplanin.[12]
The differential diagnosis for microvenular hemangioma includes acquired (tufted) angioma, Kaposi sarcoma, Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and sclerosing hemangioma.[13]
Treatment
The treatment for microvenular hemangioma is surgical excision.[13]
See also
References
- ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. p. 596. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ^ Xu, Xiu-Lian; Xu, Cui-Rong; Chen, Hao; Cao, Yuan-Hua; Zeng, Xue-Si; Sun, Jian-Fang; Guo, Ying (2010). "Eruptive Microvenular Hemangiomas in 4 Chinese Patients: Clinicopathologic Correlation and Review of the Literature". The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 32 (8): 837–840. doi:10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181d74290. ISSN 0193-1091. PMID 20881833.
- ^ Giacaman, A.; del Pozo, L.J.; Bauzá, A.; Saus, C. (2018). "Microvenular Hemangioma: Morphological Study of 3 Cases". Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition). 109 (4). Elsevier BV: 381–384. doi:10.1016/j.adengl.2017.06.022. ISSN 1578-2190.
- ^ Bantel, E.; Grosshans, E.; Ortonne, J. P. (1989-12-15). "[Understanding microcapillary angioma, observations in pregnant patients and in females treated with hormonal contraceptives]". Zeitschrift Fur Hautkrankheiten. 64 (12): 1071–1074. ISSN 0301-0481. PMID 2534452.
- ^ a b Ai, Dong Fang; Li, Yan; Jindal, Aikaj; Li, Ping (2014). "Multiple microvenular hemangioma: A case report". Oncology Letters. 7 (1): 275–277. doi:10.3892/ol.2013.1659. ISSN 1792-1074. PMC 3861598. PMID 24348863.
- ^ Tur-González, Raquel; González-de Arriba, Ana; Martín-López, María Rocío; Ramos-Nieto, María Luz (2015). "Hemangioma microvenular: lesión vascular benigna de patrón infiltrante. Presentación de 3 casos y revisión de la literatura". Revista Española de Patología (in Spanish). 48 (4). Elsevier BV: 203–207. doi:10.1016/j.patol.2015.07.004. ISSN 1699-8855.
- ^ a b Scalvenzi, Massimiliano; De Natale, Flora; Francia, Maria Grazia; Balato, Anna (2007). "Dermoscopy of Microvenular Hemangioma: Report of a Case". Dermatology. 215 (1). S. Karger AG: 69–71. doi:10.1159/000102038. ISSN 1018-8665. PMID 17587844.
- ^ Aloi, Filippo; Tomasini, Carlo; Pippione, Mario (1993). "Microvenular Hemangioma". The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 15 (6). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 534–538. doi:10.1097/00000372-199312000-00003. ISSN 0193-1091.
- ^ Fukunaga, Masaharu; Ushigome, Shinichiro (1998). "Microvenular hemangioma". Pathology International. 48 (3). Wiley: 237–239. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1998.tb03899.x. ISSN 1320-5463.
- ^ Stefanaki, Christina; Stefanaki, Kalliopi; Floros, Konstantinos; Rontogiani, Dimitra; Georgala, Sofia (2005). "Microvenular Hemangioma: A Rare Vascular Lesion". The Journal of Dermatology. 32 (5). Wiley: 402–404. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2005.tb00915.x. ISSN 0385-2407. PMID 16043906.
- ^ Fernandez-Flores, Angel (2008). "Lack of expression of podoplanin by microvenular hemangioma". Pathology - Research and Practice. 204 (11). Elsevier BV: 817–821. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2008.06.002. ISSN 0344-0338. PMID 18650031.
- ^ a b Mocellin, Simone (2021). "Microvenular Hemangioma". Soft Tissue Tumors. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 553–554. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58710-9_173. ISBN 978-3-030-58709-3.
Further reading
- Napekoski, Karl M.; Fernandez, Anthony P.; Billings, Steven D. (2014-10-29). "Microvenular hemangioma: a clinicopathologic review of 13 cases". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 41 (11). Wiley: 816–822. doi:10.1111/cup.12386. ISSN 0303-6987. PMID 25263662.
- Kim, Y.-C.; Park, H.-J.; Cinn, Y.-W. (2003). "Microvenular Hemangioma". Dermatology. 206 (2): 161–164. doi:10.1159/000068453. ISSN 1018-8665. PMID 12592086.