Anti-seborrheics are drugs effective in seborrheic dermatitis.[1] Selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, corticosteroids, imidazole antifungals, and salicylic acid are common anti-seborrheics.
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Ideal anti-seborrheic
An ideal antiseborrheic should have the following qualities:
- It should be non-toxic.
- It should relieve pruritus.
- It should not cause excessive dryness.
- It should have a wide antibacterial and antifungal spectrum.
Specific anti-seborrheic agents
Selenium sulfide
Selenium sulfide slows down epidermal proliferation. It is fungicidal to Pityrosporum ovale. It also acts as a keratolytic. Selenium sulfide is also known to reduce dryness of scalp and folliculitis.[2] Systemic toxicity can appear if it is applied to inflamed skin. Hypersensitivity reactions are noted in some people.
Zinc pyrithione
Like selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione (a zinc complex with two chelating pyrithione anions) also reduces epidermal turnover and inhibits fungal growth.[3][unreliable medical source?] It is often administered with ketoconazole for better results. The symptoms do not resolve completely even after prolonged medication.
Corticosteroids
Topical steroids are used to relieve the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis. It has a fungicidal action, and reduces dandruff.[4] The disadvantage is that it has a high relapse rate on discontinuation. Prolonged use can cause poor healing of wounds.
Imidazole antifungals
Only a few imidazole antifungals are effective against seborrheic dermatitis. Ketoconazole was found to be the most active against Pityrosporum ovale. It is available in both oral and topical formulations. It is also available as cream, gel and tablet. Unlike other drugs, it does not cause skin irritation or phototoxicity. Clotrimazole is also used in treating seborrhoea.
Other drugs
Other drugs like sulfur and resorcinol have also been found useful in treating seborrheic dermatitis. These drugs have keratolytic and antiseptic properties which may benefit seborrhoea. Salicylic acid has a mild effect on seborrhoea.
References
- ^ "Definition of anti-seborrheic". The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ^ US National Library of Medicine. "Selenium Sulfide". Mediline Plus. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ^ Sheldon, Lynne. "Uses of Zinc Pyrithione for Hair Conditions". LiveStrong.com. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
- ^ Johnson, Betty (May 2000). "Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis". American Family Physician. 61 (9): 2703–2710. PMID 10821151. Retrieved 9 August 2012.