Gaude Mater Polonia
Gaude Mater Polonia (oʻrta asr lotincha „hursand boʻling, ey Polsha ona“, lotincha: [ˈɡau̯.dɛ ˈmaː.tɛr pɔˈlɔː.ni.a], polyak: Raduj się, matko Polsko) eng qadimgi Polsha madhiyalaridan biri. XIII-XIV asrlarda Lotin tilida Krakov yepiskopi avliyo Stanislausni xotirlash uchun yozilgan. Odatga koʻra polsha ritsarlari jangda gʻalabaga erishganidan soʻng madhiyani kuyladilar. Madhiya Polsha Qirolligi va Polsha-Litva Hamdoʻstligining tarixiy, milliy madhiyasi hisoblanadi[1].
Tarix
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Madhiya 1253-yilda 8-sentabrda yaratilgan[2]. Madhiya 1079-yil 11-aprelda vafot etgan Avliyo Stanislausga bagʻishlangan. Madhiya muallifi musiqa tarixidagi birinchi polshalik bastakor, krakoviyalik musiqachi va yepiskop Iwo Odrowąż sobori ruhoniysi Vincent of Kielcz edi[3]. Uzoq vaqt davomida uni notoʻgʻri Vinsent Kielce deb atashgan va u madhiyani avliyo Stanislausni xotirlash uchun yozgan. Asarning birinchi ijrosi 1254-yil 8-mayda Krakovdagi cherkov marosimida boʻlib oʻtgan deb taxmin qilinadi[4].
Qoʻshiq elementlarini oʻzida jamlagan Mater Polonia madhiyasi bir muncha vaqt oʻtgach mustaqil asar sifatida tan olingan. Yillar davomida u Piast sulolasi qirollik madhiyasi boʻlgan[5]. Madhiya Polsha anʼanalari va tarixining bir qismi boʻlib, Polsha monarxining toj kiyish paytida, qirollik nikohlarida, shuningdek, 1683-yilda John III Sobieskining Venadagi gʻalabasini nishonlash paytida kuylangan. Qirollar va harbiy sarkardalar jangdan keyin madhiyani kuylash orqali muvaffaqiyatlarini namoyish qilishadi. Madhiya deyarli 750 yil davomida mashhur boʻlib, uzoq asrlik Polsha madaniyatining asosiy elementiga aylandi. Bugungi kunda u koʻpchilik universitetlarda oʻquv yilining ochilishida, shuningdek, muhim milliy bayramlarda kuylanadi.
Musiqa
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Yaratilgan aranjirovkalar ichida Teofil Tomasz Klonowski (1805-1876) yaratgan aranjirovkasi mashhurroq sanaladi. U aralash xor uchun yozilgan, ohang toʻrt oʻlchovli iboradan olingan. Garchi u endi Polshaning milliy madhiyasi boʻlmasa-da, koʻpincha milliy va diniy ahamiyatga ega boʻlgan marosimlarda ijro etiladi[6].
Matn
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Gaude Mater Polonia
O ciesz się, Matko-Polsko
| Lotin alifbosida | Polyak tilida | Ingliz tilida |
| Gaude, mater Polonia, | O ciesz się, Matko-Polsko, w sławne | Rejoice, oh Mother Poland |
| prole fæcunda nobili. | Potomstwo płodna! Króla królów | Rich in noble offspring, |
| Summi Regis magnalia | I najwyższego Pana wielkość | To the Highest King render |
| laude frequenta vigili. | Uwielbiaj chwałą przynależną. | Worship with incessant praise. |
| Cuius benigna gratia | Albowiem z Jego łaskawości | For by His benign grace |
| Stanislai Pontificis | Biskupa Stanisława męki | Bishop Stanislaus' torments, |
| passionis insignia | Niezmierne, jakie on wycierpiał, | so great, which he had suffered |
| signis fulgent mirificis. | Jaśnieją cudownymi znaki. | Shine with marvelous signs. |
| Hic certans pro iustitia, | Potykał się za sprawiedliwość, | Here contending for justice, |
| Regis non-cedit furiæ: | Przed gniewem króla nie ustąpił: | He did not yield before the anger of the king: |
| Stat pro plebis iniuria | I staje żołnierz Chrystusowy | And stands the soldier of Christ, |
| Christi miles in acie. | Za krzywdę ludu sam do walki. | Alone to fight for the injury of the people. |
| Tyranni truculentiam, | Ponieważ stale wypominał | Because he constantly reminded |
| Qui dum constanter arguit, | On okrucieństwo tyranowi, | The tyrant of his brutality, |
| Martyrii victoriam | Koronę zdobył męczennika, | He gained the crown of a martyr, |
| Membratim cæsus meruit. | Padł posiekany na kawałki. | And fell quartered into pieces. |
| Novum pandit miraculum | Niebiosa nowy cud zdziałały, | The Heavens wrought a new miracle, |
| Splendor in sancto ceritus, | Bo mocą swą Niebieski Lekarz | For the Celestial Physician by His power |
| Redintegrat corpusculum | Poćwiartowane jego ciało | The martyr's quartered body |
| Sparsum cælestis medicus. | Przedziwne znowu w jedno złączył. | Once more miraculously joined into whole. |
| Sic Stanislaus pontifex | Tak to Stanisław biskup przeszedł | Thus did bishop Stanislaus enter |
| Transit ad caeli curiam, | W przybytki Króla niebieskiego, | Into the Court of the Celestial King, |
| Ut apud Deum opifex | Aby u Boga Stworzyciela | That he may at God, the Creator's, side |
| Nobis imploret veniam. | Nam wyjednać przebaczenie. | Beg forgiveness for us. |
| Poscentes eius merita, | Gdy kto dla zasług jego prosi, | When whosoever by his merits pleads, |
| Salutis dona referunt: | Wnet otrzymuje zbawcze dary: | Soon receives the saving gifts: |
| Morte præventi subita | Ci, co pomarli nagłą śmiercią, | Those who died a sudden death, |
| Ad vitae potum redeunt. | Do życia znowu powracają. | To life return once more. |
| Cuius ad tactum anuli | Choroby wszelkie pod dotknięciem | All diseases at the touch |
| Morbi fugantur turgidi: | Pierścienia jego uciekają: | Of his ring flee: |
| Ad locum sancti tumuli | Przy jego świętym grobie zdrowie | By his holy grace health |
| Multi curantur languidi. | Niemocnych wielu odzyskuje. | Is gained by the feeble. |
| Surdis auditus redditur, | Słuch głuchym bywa przywrócony, | Hearing returns to the mute, |
| Claudis gressus officum, | A chromy kroki stawia raźno, | While the lame boldly takes steps, |
| Mutorum lingua solvitur | Niemowom język się rozwiązał, | The tongues of the mutes are untied, |
| Et fugatur daemonium. | W popłochu szatan precz ucieka. | Satan flees in haste far away. |
| Ergo, felix Cracovia, | A przeto szczęsny ty, Krakowie, | Thus, you, o happy Cracow, |
| Sacro dotata corpore | Uposażony świętym ciałem, | Armed with saintly body, |
| Deum, qui fecit omnia, | Błogosław po wsze czasy Boga, | Bless for all eternity God, |
| Benedic omni tempore. | Który z niczego wszystko stworzył. | Who wrought all from naught. |
| Sit Trinitati gloria, | Niech Trójcy Przenajświętszej zabrzmi | May to Most Holy Trinity sound |
| Laus, honor, iubilatio: | Cześć, chwała, sława, uwielbienie, | Praise, glory, celebration, adoration, |
| De Martyris victoria | A nam tryumfy męczennika | And let the triumphs of the martyr |
| Sit nobis exsultatio. | Niech wyjednają radość wieczną. | Gain for us eternal bliss. |
| Amen | Amen | Amen |
Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ „"Gaude Mater Polonia", czyli średniowieczna propaganda w praktyce“. PolskieRadio.pl. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 3-oktyabr.
- ↑ „Full Article about Gaude Mater Polonia and its history“. 2011-yil 30-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 22-avgust 2010-yil.
- ↑ „About Vincent of Kielcz“. 2011-yil 30-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 22-avgust 2010-yil.
- ↑ University of Southern Carolina article about Polish Anthems (Wayback Machine saytida 2 May 2011 sanasida arxivlangan)
- ↑ „Anthem Creation History“. 2011-yil 30-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 22-avgust 2010-yil.
- ↑ „Gaude Mater Polonia – Music“. 2011-yil 30-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 22-avgust 2010-yil.