To reduce the air pollution and the deposition of pollutants which may lead to adverse impact upo... more To reduce the air pollution and the deposition of pollutants which may lead to adverse impact upon public health and the environment, according the Gothenburg Protocol and the Directive 2001/81/EC on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (known as NEC Directive), the national emission ceilings were established for each Party and Member State concerned, representing the maximum amount of a substance which may be emitted annually at the national level. Actually, at the international and European level, the air quality policy framework is under review, in order to set the national emission ceilings by 2020 and to extend the environmental objective on long term till 2030, by coordination between air quality and climate change policies. In this context, the projections of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by 2030, represent a strategic tool for respecting the report...
The article presents several pollution episodes resulted from biomass burning, over Timisoara cit... more The article presents several pollution episodes resulted from biomass burning, over Timisoara city, during 2011 and 2012. The study is relying on detailed physical, chemical and optical aerosol properties, data collected from the sun photometer located at Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Politehnica University of Timisoara. Biomass dispersion was investigated by using NOOA HYSPLIT model (Hybrid Single – Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory). Global Fire Maps from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) were used to identify biomass burning sites. Biomass burning aerosol leads to absorption and scattering of solar radiation, meaning its attenuation. The result of this paper is estimating the solar irradiance losses, resulted from pollution with biomass burning aerosol, around 10%.
The paper is an attempt to describe complex problems concerning air quality in the Romanian city ... more The paper is an attempt to describe complex problems concerning air quality in the Romanian city of Timisoara, in a European perspective. The town is one of the most developed ones in Romania, famous for its history and rapid progress into a modern but traditional location of human development. Traffic is a major strain on air quality in the town, as most of the hazardous emissions in urban areas are caused by it. Additionally industrial stationary sources are to be considered, and during winter also residential ones. The measured emissions might not be considered as average for the pollution of the town, but, as no other exist, they may be analysed as representative. Despite the poor endowment of the investigation capacity, an emission inventory of over 100 stationary sources has been accomplished. In addition the contribution of the traffic induced pollution in the most important cross roads have been taken into account. The purpose of this paper consists of presenting the first s...
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2018
In this paper, a novel gasification-based system integrated with two chemical looping processes, ... more In this paper, a novel gasification-based system integrated with two chemical looping processes, namely, one designed for H2 production using a three-reactor chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) process and other one for O2 production using a two-reactor chemical looping air separation (CLAS) process was modeled and its performance estimated. In addition, the system integrated a hot gas cleaning unit for the removal of syngas contaminants at high temperature. Aspen Plus process simulation software was employed in the study to design and develop a detailed process model. The results show that the proposed system configuration can achieve better performances than conventional plants, capture almost all of the feedstock carbon, and generate low CO2 emissions. Moreover, the system becomes carbon negative when considering the carbon neutrality of the biomass fuel.
To reduce the air pollution and the deposition of pollutants which may lead to adverse impact upo... more To reduce the air pollution and the deposition of pollutants which may lead to adverse impact upon public health and the environment, according the Gothenburg Protocol and the Directive 2001/81/EC on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (known as NEC Directive), the national emission ceilings were established for each Party and Member State concerned, representing the maximum amount of a substance which may be emitted annually at the national level. Actually, at the international and European level, the air quality policy framework is under review, in order to set the national emission ceilings by 2020 and to extend the environmental objective on long term till 2030, by coordination between air quality and climate change policies. In this context, the projections of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by 2030, represent a strategic tool for respecting the reporting requirements and also for assuring the Romania’s technical support in the negotiations process for the NEC Directive review. The projections of emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants at the national and sectoral level involves the collection and processing the historical data, the identification of specific policies and measures included or planned to be included in the national legislation, setting the socio-economic development premises and modelling the evolution of emissions by 2030. The analyzed scenarios for emission projections were the scenario without measures and scenario with existing measures. The results of projections of emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants at the national and sectoral level were compared with the national emission ceilings by 2020 and with the proposed ceilings by 2030.
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2014
The article presents several pollution episodes resulted from biomass burning, over Timisoara cit... more The article presents several pollution episodes resulted from biomass burning, over Timisoara city, during 2011 and 2012. The study is relying on detailed physical, chemical and optical aerosol properties, data collected from the sun photometer located at Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Politehnica University of Timisoara. Biomass dispersion was investigated by using NOOA HYSPLIT model (Hybrid Single – Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory). Global Fire Maps from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) were used to identify biomass burning sites. Biomass burning aerosol leads to absorption and scattering of solar radiation, meaning its attenuation. The result of this paper is estimating the solar irradiance losses, resulted from pollution with biomass burning aerosol, around 10%.
When perforation by cold plastic deformation processes of long round pipes, the technological pro... more When perforation by cold plastic deformation processes of long round pipes, the technological problems appear primarily at the deformation of the part section, in the perforation area by losing the stability of the part, in the case of holes made at a distance from the pipe ends. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of the constructive shape of the pipe clamping devices in the perforation area, in order to determine the device that offers the best stability of the section, to allow obtaining possible holes as large in diameter. The research was based on the application of materials strength methods and the Castigliano method of solving the indeterminacy, related to the process of cold plastic deformation. The research materialized by determining some calculation relations and specific diagrams regarding the diameter’s variation of the perforated holes in the air environment, depending on the dimensions of the part and the mechanical characteristics of the part material, for different forms of clamping devices. The calculations were performed considering that the perforation is performed in air, with a punch applied from the outside of the considered piece. The calculation relations and the obtained diagrams allow the determination of the maximum orifices, for certain dimensions of the pipes and for different mechanical characteristics of the part material. At the conclusions, a comparison was made of the results obtained for the variants of clamping considered devices and the optimal shape of the device was established, which allows the making of the largest perforated holes in the part.
The presented paper focuses on undertaken experimental aspects focused on determining the main pa... more The presented paper focuses on undertaken experimental aspects focused on determining the main parameters of cereal degraded biomass, namely a mixture composed (in mass percent units) by 40 % degraded corn, 40 % degraded wheat and 20 % sunflower husks, which was subjected to anaerobic fermentation inside a patent pilot installation for studying the available potential of input materials in order to produce biogas. Also, in order to determine the possibilities offered by agricultural biomass, the study focuses also on comparative approach between the specified batch and other sorts of vegetal biomass: two row barley and a mixture composed by degraded corn grains and corn cobs. Finally conclusions are drawn for better understanding the influence of the anaerobe fermentation on this type of materials, influence which is better visible by presenting main of the material characteristics (carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen content by mass and calorific value) before and after the process.
In Romania, in the coming years, the amount of wastewater collected by sewage systems will be con... more In Romania, in the coming years, the amount of wastewater collected by sewage systems will be constantly growing. NTPA-011 in Government Decision 188/28.02.2002, updated until 19.10.2011, provides that until December 31st. 2018 all agglomerations areas between 2000 and 10000 population equivalent to be provided with sewerage networks [1].. Many of these human agglomerations are metropolitan areas located near the county capitals. Wastewater collected in these areas are (will be) transported by gravity or by pumping them in municipal wastewater treatment plants already built. Therefore the amount of treated wastewater will increase, causing at the same time, the increase of the processed sludge quantities, and therefore the increase of the specific energy consumption in wastewater and sludge treatment processes. To compensate this increase of energy consumption, wastewater treatment plants operators must find the best solutions for energy recovery from sewage sludge through anaerobic...
The objective of this research is to analyze metal elements, such as Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium),... more The objective of this research is to analyze metal elements, such as Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Pb (lead), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), and Fe (iron), found in dust particles within two distinct areas from which the samplings were taken. The first sampling was taken from the road verge of a highly trafficked road section, while the second sampling was taken from a residential garden area 90 m away from the road. Several metal elements were detected with a high difference in Si, which presented higher concentrations in the dust samples from the road verge area. Pb has only been detected in the samples taken from the road verge, which could be explained by residual remnants from old lead gasoline and wheel weights. Additionally, during the same investigation, airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured in comparison between the road verge and the garden area; this presented a substantial difference in the concentration levels, suggestin...
The research is focusing on analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) next to a hig... more The research is focusing on analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) next to a highly congested road section, with 39,900 as a maximum number of vehicles per 24 h, in the vicinity of Timisoara, Romania. Concentrations have been measured in multiple episodes using two different measurement methods, gravimetric and dynamic light scattering, showing a disperse range of PM concentrations. Presence of metal particles in the samples have been analyzed using an electron microscope. Additionally, impact on human health is described by evaluating results for inhalable, thoracic, and alveolar sized particles.
This paper addresses a topical issue around the world, i.e. the issue of minimizing environmental... more This paper addresses a topical issue around the world, i.e. the issue of minimizing environmental and human pollution. The subsequent aim of this paper is to develop an appropriate methodology for assessing the negative impact potentially exerted by a manufacturing process on the environment and workers. Research has been conducted in order to determine an index of negative impact on the environment and workers. Through the research carried out, the determining factors in environmental pollution have been identified and quantifiable indicators have subsequently been associated with them. Additionally, an impact index has finally been determined by calculation. This methodology was applied in the case of the drilling/perforation processes on long tubular parts, particularly featured in the automotive industry. The emerging results show the negative impact exerted by each of the processes considered on the environment. The manufacturing processes in which the impact index has low valu...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022
In this scientific report the steps for achieving the energy balance on a test engine Daewoo 1.6 ... more In this scientific report the steps for achieving the energy balance on a test engine Daewoo 1.6 liter in 4 cylinders, with 4 valves per cylinder, its power being77 kW, are presented. The engine was connected to a hydraulic brake during the tests. The energy balance was established, based on measurements applied on the stand test, focusing to determine the lost heat and to conceive a Sankey diagram, accordingly. Two sets of measurements were performed and based on them the heat losses were determined and two Sankey diagrams were depicted. The lost heat through the cooling fluid is determined by measuring the cooling water flow rate and its inlet and outlet temperature. The lost heat through the exhaust gases is determined by the difference between the enthalpy of the exhaust gases and the enthalpy of fresh air. The lost heat due to incomplete chemical combustion is determined by analyzing the composition of the exhaust gases. The measurements are centralized on a graphic user interf...
To reduce the air pollution and the deposition of pollutants which may lead to adverse impact upo... more To reduce the air pollution and the deposition of pollutants which may lead to adverse impact upon public health and the environment, according the Gothenburg Protocol and the Directive 2001/81/EC on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (known as NEC Directive), the national emission ceilings were established for each Party and Member State concerned, representing the maximum amount of a substance which may be emitted annually at the national level. Actually, at the international and European level, the air quality policy framework is under review, in order to set the national emission ceilings by 2020 and to extend the environmental objective on long term till 2030, by coordination between air quality and climate change policies. In this context, the projections of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by 2030, represent a strategic tool for respecting the report...
The article presents several pollution episodes resulted from biomass burning, over Timisoara cit... more The article presents several pollution episodes resulted from biomass burning, over Timisoara city, during 2011 and 2012. The study is relying on detailed physical, chemical and optical aerosol properties, data collected from the sun photometer located at Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Politehnica University of Timisoara. Biomass dispersion was investigated by using NOOA HYSPLIT model (Hybrid Single – Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory). Global Fire Maps from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) were used to identify biomass burning sites. Biomass burning aerosol leads to absorption and scattering of solar radiation, meaning its attenuation. The result of this paper is estimating the solar irradiance losses, resulted from pollution with biomass burning aerosol, around 10%.
The paper is an attempt to describe complex problems concerning air quality in the Romanian city ... more The paper is an attempt to describe complex problems concerning air quality in the Romanian city of Timisoara, in a European perspective. The town is one of the most developed ones in Romania, famous for its history and rapid progress into a modern but traditional location of human development. Traffic is a major strain on air quality in the town, as most of the hazardous emissions in urban areas are caused by it. Additionally industrial stationary sources are to be considered, and during winter also residential ones. The measured emissions might not be considered as average for the pollution of the town, but, as no other exist, they may be analysed as representative. Despite the poor endowment of the investigation capacity, an emission inventory of over 100 stationary sources has been accomplished. In addition the contribution of the traffic induced pollution in the most important cross roads have been taken into account. The purpose of this paper consists of presenting the first s...
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2018
In this paper, a novel gasification-based system integrated with two chemical looping processes, ... more In this paper, a novel gasification-based system integrated with two chemical looping processes, namely, one designed for H2 production using a three-reactor chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) process and other one for O2 production using a two-reactor chemical looping air separation (CLAS) process was modeled and its performance estimated. In addition, the system integrated a hot gas cleaning unit for the removal of syngas contaminants at high temperature. Aspen Plus process simulation software was employed in the study to design and develop a detailed process model. The results show that the proposed system configuration can achieve better performances than conventional plants, capture almost all of the feedstock carbon, and generate low CO2 emissions. Moreover, the system becomes carbon negative when considering the carbon neutrality of the biomass fuel.
To reduce the air pollution and the deposition of pollutants which may lead to adverse impact upo... more To reduce the air pollution and the deposition of pollutants which may lead to adverse impact upon public health and the environment, according the Gothenburg Protocol and the Directive 2001/81/EC on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (known as NEC Directive), the national emission ceilings were established for each Party and Member State concerned, representing the maximum amount of a substance which may be emitted annually at the national level. Actually, at the international and European level, the air quality policy framework is under review, in order to set the national emission ceilings by 2020 and to extend the environmental objective on long term till 2030, by coordination between air quality and climate change policies. In this context, the projections of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by 2030, represent a strategic tool for respecting the reporting requirements and also for assuring the Romania’s technical support in the negotiations process for the NEC Directive review. The projections of emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants at the national and sectoral level involves the collection and processing the historical data, the identification of specific policies and measures included or planned to be included in the national legislation, setting the socio-economic development premises and modelling the evolution of emissions by 2030. The analyzed scenarios for emission projections were the scenario without measures and scenario with existing measures. The results of projections of emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants at the national and sectoral level were compared with the national emission ceilings by 2020 and with the proposed ceilings by 2030.
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings, 2014
The article presents several pollution episodes resulted from biomass burning, over Timisoara cit... more The article presents several pollution episodes resulted from biomass burning, over Timisoara city, during 2011 and 2012. The study is relying on detailed physical, chemical and optical aerosol properties, data collected from the sun photometer located at Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Politehnica University of Timisoara. Biomass dispersion was investigated by using NOOA HYSPLIT model (Hybrid Single – Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory). Global Fire Maps from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) were used to identify biomass burning sites. Biomass burning aerosol leads to absorption and scattering of solar radiation, meaning its attenuation. The result of this paper is estimating the solar irradiance losses, resulted from pollution with biomass burning aerosol, around 10%.
When perforation by cold plastic deformation processes of long round pipes, the technological pro... more When perforation by cold plastic deformation processes of long round pipes, the technological problems appear primarily at the deformation of the part section, in the perforation area by losing the stability of the part, in the case of holes made at a distance from the pipe ends. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of the constructive shape of the pipe clamping devices in the perforation area, in order to determine the device that offers the best stability of the section, to allow obtaining possible holes as large in diameter. The research was based on the application of materials strength methods and the Castigliano method of solving the indeterminacy, related to the process of cold plastic deformation. The research materialized by determining some calculation relations and specific diagrams regarding the diameter’s variation of the perforated holes in the air environment, depending on the dimensions of the part and the mechanical characteristics of the part material, for different forms of clamping devices. The calculations were performed considering that the perforation is performed in air, with a punch applied from the outside of the considered piece. The calculation relations and the obtained diagrams allow the determination of the maximum orifices, for certain dimensions of the pipes and for different mechanical characteristics of the part material. At the conclusions, a comparison was made of the results obtained for the variants of clamping considered devices and the optimal shape of the device was established, which allows the making of the largest perforated holes in the part.
The presented paper focuses on undertaken experimental aspects focused on determining the main pa... more The presented paper focuses on undertaken experimental aspects focused on determining the main parameters of cereal degraded biomass, namely a mixture composed (in mass percent units) by 40 % degraded corn, 40 % degraded wheat and 20 % sunflower husks, which was subjected to anaerobic fermentation inside a patent pilot installation for studying the available potential of input materials in order to produce biogas. Also, in order to determine the possibilities offered by agricultural biomass, the study focuses also on comparative approach between the specified batch and other sorts of vegetal biomass: two row barley and a mixture composed by degraded corn grains and corn cobs. Finally conclusions are drawn for better understanding the influence of the anaerobe fermentation on this type of materials, influence which is better visible by presenting main of the material characteristics (carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen content by mass and calorific value) before and after the process.
In Romania, in the coming years, the amount of wastewater collected by sewage systems will be con... more In Romania, in the coming years, the amount of wastewater collected by sewage systems will be constantly growing. NTPA-011 in Government Decision 188/28.02.2002, updated until 19.10.2011, provides that until December 31st. 2018 all agglomerations areas between 2000 and 10000 population equivalent to be provided with sewerage networks [1].. Many of these human agglomerations are metropolitan areas located near the county capitals. Wastewater collected in these areas are (will be) transported by gravity or by pumping them in municipal wastewater treatment plants already built. Therefore the amount of treated wastewater will increase, causing at the same time, the increase of the processed sludge quantities, and therefore the increase of the specific energy consumption in wastewater and sludge treatment processes. To compensate this increase of energy consumption, wastewater treatment plants operators must find the best solutions for energy recovery from sewage sludge through anaerobic...
The objective of this research is to analyze metal elements, such as Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium),... more The objective of this research is to analyze metal elements, such as Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Pb (lead), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), and Fe (iron), found in dust particles within two distinct areas from which the samplings were taken. The first sampling was taken from the road verge of a highly trafficked road section, while the second sampling was taken from a residential garden area 90 m away from the road. Several metal elements were detected with a high difference in Si, which presented higher concentrations in the dust samples from the road verge area. Pb has only been detected in the samples taken from the road verge, which could be explained by residual remnants from old lead gasoline and wheel weights. Additionally, during the same investigation, airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured in comparison between the road verge and the garden area; this presented a substantial difference in the concentration levels, suggestin...
The research is focusing on analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) next to a hig... more The research is focusing on analyzing the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) next to a highly congested road section, with 39,900 as a maximum number of vehicles per 24 h, in the vicinity of Timisoara, Romania. Concentrations have been measured in multiple episodes using two different measurement methods, gravimetric and dynamic light scattering, showing a disperse range of PM concentrations. Presence of metal particles in the samples have been analyzed using an electron microscope. Additionally, impact on human health is described by evaluating results for inhalable, thoracic, and alveolar sized particles.
This paper addresses a topical issue around the world, i.e. the issue of minimizing environmental... more This paper addresses a topical issue around the world, i.e. the issue of minimizing environmental and human pollution. The subsequent aim of this paper is to develop an appropriate methodology for assessing the negative impact potentially exerted by a manufacturing process on the environment and workers. Research has been conducted in order to determine an index of negative impact on the environment and workers. Through the research carried out, the determining factors in environmental pollution have been identified and quantifiable indicators have subsequently been associated with them. Additionally, an impact index has finally been determined by calculation. This methodology was applied in the case of the drilling/perforation processes on long tubular parts, particularly featured in the automotive industry. The emerging results show the negative impact exerted by each of the processes considered on the environment. The manufacturing processes in which the impact index has low valu...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022
In this scientific report the steps for achieving the energy balance on a test engine Daewoo 1.6 ... more In this scientific report the steps for achieving the energy balance on a test engine Daewoo 1.6 liter in 4 cylinders, with 4 valves per cylinder, its power being77 kW, are presented. The engine was connected to a hydraulic brake during the tests. The energy balance was established, based on measurements applied on the stand test, focusing to determine the lost heat and to conceive a Sankey diagram, accordingly. Two sets of measurements were performed and based on them the heat losses were determined and two Sankey diagrams were depicted. The lost heat through the cooling fluid is determined by measuring the cooling water flow rate and its inlet and outlet temperature. The lost heat through the exhaust gases is determined by the difference between the enthalpy of the exhaust gases and the enthalpy of fresh air. The lost heat due to incomplete chemical combustion is determined by analyzing the composition of the exhaust gases. The measurements are centralized on a graphic user interf...
Uploads
Papers by Ioana Ionel