research-article

5W2H Framework: a guide to design, develop and evaluate the user-centered gamification

Authors:

Ana Carolina Tomé Klock,

Isabela Gasparini,

Marcelo Soares PimentaAuthors Info & Claims

IHC '16: Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Article No.: 14, Pages 1 - 10

https://doi.org/10.1145/3033701.3033715

Published: 04 October 2016 Publication History

Abstract

Gamification, which is the use of game elements in non-game contexts, has been widely applied in order to persuade and engage their users with a specific purpose. Since each user has different characteristics, his/her experience during the interaction with these game elements becomes singular and gamification may not always have the expected outcome. This paper presents a framework to assist in the design, development and evaluation of user-centered gamification. Based on major works and concepts in the field, seven main aspects that influence the gamification were raised and, from them, the framework is presented and its application in educational system is being currently performed.

References

[1]

S. Deterding, R. Khaled, L. E. Nacke, and D. Dixon. 2011. Gamification. In CHI 2011 Gamification Workshop Proc. ACM, Vancouver, 12--15.

[2]

K. Werbach and D. Hunter. 2012. For the Win. Wharton Digital Press, Philadelphia.

[3]

M. Hassenzahl and N. Tractinsky. 2006. User Experience. Behaviour & Information Technology 25, 2 (2006), 91--97.

[4]

A. C. T. Klock, I. Gasparini, A. Kemczinski, M. Hounsell, and S. Isotani. 2015. One man's trash is another man's treasure: um mapeamento sistemático sobre as características individuais na gamificação de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação, SBC, 539--548.

[5]

G. Zichermann and C. Cunningham. 2011. Gamification by Design: Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mobile Apps. O'Reilly Media.

Digital Library

[6]

N. Lazzaro. 2009. Why We Play. In The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications (2 ed.). CRC, New York, 679--700.

[7]

J. Ferrera. 2012. Playful Design. Rosenfeld Media, LLC, New York

Digital Library

[8]

A. Vasalou and A. N. Joinson. 2009. Me, Myself and I. Computers in Human Behavior 25, 2 (2009), 510--520.

Digital Library

[9]

E. N. Ki. 2014. The Nature of 'Goods' in Virtual World. In Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World: Issues and Opportunities. City University of Hong Kong Press, Hong Kong, 103--118.

[10]

C. Marache-Francisco and E. Brangier. 2014. The Gamification Experience. In Emerging Research and Trends in Interactivity and the Human-Computer Interface. IGI Global, Hersey, 205--223.

[11]

K. M. Kapp. 2012. The Gamification of Learning and Instruction. John Wiley & Sons, San Francisco.

Digital Library

[12]

A. Mora, D. Riera, C. Gonzalez, and J. Arnedo-Moreno. 2015. A Literature Review of Gamification Design Frameworks. In Proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications. Curran Associates, Inc., Red Hook, 1--8.

[13]

D. Gears and K. Braun. 2013. Gamification in business. In CHI 2013 Gamification Workshop Proc. ACM, Paris, 1--5.

Digital Library

[14]

D. Rojas, B. Kapralos, and A. Dubrowski. 2013. The Missing Piece in the Gamification Puzzle. In Proc. of the 1th Int. Conf. on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications. ACM, New York, 135--138.

Digital Library

[15]

Y. K. Chou. 2015. Actionable Gamification. CreateSpace Indep. Publish. Platform, Charleston.

[16]

C. Marache-Francisco and E. Brangier. 2013. Process of Gamification. In Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf. on Advances in Human Oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services. IARIA XPS, Venice, 126--131.

[17]

L. F. Rodrigues, C. J. Costa, and A. Oliveira. 2013. How to Develop Financial Applications with Game Features in e-Banking?. In Proc. of the 2013 Int. Conf. on Information Systems and Design of Communication. ACM, New York, 124--134.

Digital Library

[18]

Y. Rogers, H. Sharp, and J. Preece. 2011. Interaction Design (3 ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.

[19]

Y. Attali and M. Arieli-Attali. 2015. Gamification in Assessment. Computers & Education 83 (2015), 57--63.

[20]

J. V. Bittner and J. Shipper. 2014. Motivational Effects and Age Differences of Gamification in Product Advertising. Journal of Consumer Marketing 31, 5 (2014), 391--400.

[21]

R. Conaway and M. C. Garay. 2014. Gamification and Service Marketing. SpringerPlus 3, 1 (2014), 1--11.

[22]

K. R. Christy and J. Fox. 2014. Leaderboards in a Virtual Classroom. Computers & Education 78 (2014), 66--77.

[23]

J. Koivisto and J. Hamari. 2014. Demographic Differences in Perceived Benefits from Gamification. Computers in Human Behavior 35 (2014), 179--188.

[24]

C.-H. Su and C.-H. Cheng. 2013. A Mobile Game-based Insect Learning System for Improving the Learning Achievements. Procedia 103 (2013), 42--50.

[25]

D. Codish and G. Ravid. 2014. Personality based Gamification. In Proc. of the 9th Chais Conf. for the Study of Innovation and Learning Technologies: Learning in the Technological Era. The Open University of Israel, Raanana, 36--44.

[26]

M. Almaliki, N. Jiang, R. Ali, and F. Dalpiaz. 2014. Gamified Culture-Aware Feedback Acquisition. In Proc. of the 2014 IEEE/ACM 7th Int. Conf. on Utility and Cloud Computing. IEEE, Washington, 624--625.

Digital Library

[27]

M. Almaliki, C. Ncube, and R. Ali. 2014. The Design of Adaptive Acquisition of Users Feedback. In Proc. of the 8th Int. Conf. on Research Challenges in Information Science. IEEE, Marrakech, 1--12.

[28]

B. Herbert, D. Charles, A. Moore, and T. Charles. 2014. An Investigation of Gamification Typologies for Enhancing Learner Motivation. In Proc. of the 2014 Int. Conf. on Interactive Technologies and Games. IEEE, Washington, 71--78.

Digital Library

[29]

B. Gil, I. Cantador, and A. Marczewski. 2015. Validating Gamification Mechanics and Player Types in an E-learning Environment. In Proc. of the 10th European Conf. on Technology Enhanced Learning. Springer, Cham, 568--572.

[30]

A. Marczewski. 2015. Even Ninja Monkeys like to Play. CreateSpace Indep. Publish Platform, Charleston.

[31]

J. Mattar. 2009. Interatividade e aprendizagem. In Educação a distância: o estado da arte. Pearson, São Paulo, 112--120.

[32]

A. C. Pereira, V. Schmitt, and M. R. A. C. Dias. 2007. Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem. In Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem em Diferentes Contextos. Ciência Moderna Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, 4--22.

[33]

D. J. O'Keefe. 2015. Persuasion (3 ed.). SAGE Publications, Los Angeles.

[34]

B. J. Fogg. 2002. Persuasive Technology. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco.

[35]

E. Llagostera. 2012. On Gamification and Persuasion. In Anais do XI Simpósio Brasileiro de Jogos e Entretenimento Digital. SBC, Porto Alegre, 12--21.

[36]

M. Gagné and E. L. Deci. 2005. Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior 26, 4 (2005), 331--362.

[37]

K. Mukherjee. 2009. Principles of Management and Organizational Behavior. McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited, New Delhi.

[38]

W. B. Schaufeli, I. M. Martínez, A. M. Pinto, M. Salanova, and A. B. Bakker. 2002. Burnout and Engagement in University Students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33, 5 (2002), 464--481.

[39]

M. Csikszentmihalyi. 1990. Flow. HarperCollins, New York.

[40]

R. Bernhaupt. 2010. Evaluating User Experience in Games. Springer Publishing Company, Inc, New York.

Digital Library

[41]

S. Gilbert. 2015. Designing Gamified Systems. CRC, New York.

[42]

R. A. Griggs. 2008. Psychology. Worth Publishers, New York.

[43]

4. C. B. Ferster and B. F. Skinner. 1957. Schedules of Reinforcement. Appleton-Century-Croft, East Norwalk.

[44]

J. A. Fredricks, P. C. Blumenfeld, and A. H. Paris. 2004. School Engagement. Review of Educational Research 74, 1 (2004), 59--109.

[45]

S. D. J. Barbosa and B. S. da Silva. 2010. Interação Humano-Computador. Elsevier, Rio de Janeiro.

Cited By

Carvalho CTeran LMota MPereira R(2024)Technologies to Support Adaptable Game Design: A Systematic Mapping StudyJournal of the Brazilian Computer Society10.5753/jbcs.2024.309030:1(69-101)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.5753/jbcs.2024.3090
Xu WXu GXing Q(2024)The impact of different combinations of game elements for gamified learning in higher education on student learning outcomes: a multilevel meta-analysisStudies in Higher Education10.1080/03075079.2024.2416498(1-28)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2416498
Carvalho CTeran LMota MPereira R(2024)A Prototype Catalog of Adaptation Resources to Support Game Designers in Developing Accessible Digital GamesDigital Geography10.1007/978-3-031-67762-5_21(269-278)Online publication date: 9-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67762-5_21
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

5W2H Framework: a guide to design, develop and evaluate the user-centered gamification
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Interaction design
    1. Interaction design process and methods
      1. User centered design

Recommendations

A new framework of usability evaluation for massively multi-player online game: case study of "World of warcraft" game
HCI'07: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human-computer interaction: applications and services

According to traditional marketing wisdom, customers' preferences are a core issue in designing successful products, and the design process in game is crucial for guaranteeing gamers' satisfaction. This research aimed to explore critical factors for the ...
Understanding the Game-based Learning Experience: A Framework of Frictions Between Design and Play
FDG '22: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games

Games have been used for utilitarian purposes since at least the 1960s, with gamification pursuing game-like experiences in areas such as education, health, and sustainability. While these methods generally attempt to improve life for players, a ...
Design space of networked exertion games demonstrated by a three-way physical game based on Table Tennis
SPECIAL ISSUE: Media Arts

Physical leisure games can be beneficial to physical as well as mental health and offer a means to connect with others socially. However, players have to be in the same physical location to play. Recent trends in the gaming industry and research labs ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

IHC '16: Proceedings of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems

October 2016

431 pages

ISBN:9781450352352

DOI:10.1145/3033701

Copyright © 2016 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

In-Cooperation

SBC: Sociedade Brasileira de Computação
CNPq: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecn
SIGCHI: ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction
CGIBR: Comite Gestor da Internet no Brazil

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 04 October 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

IHC '16

IHC '16: XV Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems

October 4 - 7, 2016

São Paulo, Brazil

Acceptance Rates

IHC '16 Paper Acceptance Rate 58 of 158 submissions, 37%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 331 of 973 submissions, 34%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

28
Total Citations
View Citations
942
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)99
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2

Reflects downloads up to 09 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Carvalho CTeran LMota MPereira R(2024)Technologies to Support Adaptable Game Design: A Systematic Mapping StudyJournal of the Brazilian Computer Society10.5753/jbcs.2024.309030:1(69-101)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.5753/jbcs.2024.3090
Xu WXu GXing Q(2024)The impact of different combinations of game elements for gamified learning in higher education on student learning outcomes: a multilevel meta-analysisStudies in Higher Education10.1080/03075079.2024.2416498(1-28)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2416498
Carvalho CTeran LMota MPereira R(2024)A Prototype Catalog of Adaptation Resources to Support Game Designers in Developing Accessible Digital GamesDigital Geography10.1007/978-3-031-67762-5_21(269-278)Online publication date: 9-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67762-5_21
Sato GPereira RGasparini I(2024)Ethnographic Analysis of a Gamified CourseDigital Geography10.1007/978-3-031-67762-5_20(257-267)Online publication date: 9-Nov-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67762-5_20
Ourdas CPonis S(2023)Evaluating the Effects of Gamification in Behavioural Change: A Proposed SEM-Based ApproachSustainability10.3390/su1506544215:6(5442)Online publication date: 20-Mar-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065442
Rocha ISilveira M(2023)An analysis of gamification elements in mHealth applicationsProceedings of the XXII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3638067.3638126(1-10)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3638067.3638126
Almeida CKalinowski MUchôa AFeijó B(2023)Negative effects of gamification in education software: Systematic mapping and practitioner perceptionsInformation and Software Technology10.1016/j.infsof.2022.107142156(107142)Online publication date: Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.107142
Denden MTlili ASalha SAbed M(2023)Opening up the gamification black box: effects of students’ personality traits and perception of game elements on their engaged behaviors in a gamified courseTechnology, Knowledge and Learning10.1007/s10758-023-09701-629:2(921-940)Online publication date: 20-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-023-09701-6
Santos FVargovich JTrinkenreich BSantos IPenney JBritto RPimentel JWiese ISteinmacher ISarma AGerosa M(2023)Tag that issue: applying API-domain labels in issue tracking systemsEmpirical Software Engineering10.1007/s10664-023-10329-428:5Online publication date: 31-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10664-023-10329-4
Bucchiarone A(2023)Grand Challenges in Software Engineering for Games in Serious ContextsSoftware Engineering for Games in Serious Contexts10.1007/978-3-031-33338-5_13(291-300)Online publication date: 6-May-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33338-5_13
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents