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Machine-extracted eye gaze features: how well do they correlate to sight-reading abilities of piano players?

Published: 26 March 2014 Publication History

Abstract

Skilled piano players are able to decipher and play a musical piece they had never seen before (a skill known as sight-reading). For a sample of 23 piano players of various abilities we consider the correlation between machine-extracted gaze path features and the overall human rating. We find that correlation values (between machine-extracted gaze features and overall human ratings) are statistically similar to correlation values between human-extracted task-related ratings (e.g., note accuracy, error rate) and overall human ratings. These high correlation values suggest that an eye tracking-enabled computer could help students assess their sight-reading abilities, and could possibly advise students on how to improve. The approach could be extended to any musical instrument. For keyboard players, a MIDI keyboard with the appropriate software to provide information about note accuracy and timing could complement feedback from an eye tracker to enable more detailed analysis and advice.

References

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Bean, K., 1938. An experimental approach to the reading of music. Psychological Monographs, 50(6), pp. i--80.
[2]
Drai-Zerbib, V., Baccino, T. & Bigand, E., 2011. Sight-reading expertise: Cross-modality integration investigated using eye tracking. Psychology of Music, 40(2), p. 216--235.
[3]
Hayward, C. M. & Gromko, J. E., 2009. Relationships Among Music Sight-Reading and Technical Proficiency, Spatial Visualization, and Aural Discrimination. J. of Research in Music Education, 57(1), pp. 26--36.
[4]
Jacobsen, O. I., 1926. An analysis of eye movement in reading music (doctoral dissertation), Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.
[5]
Lowder, J., 1973. Evaluation of a sight-reading test administered to freshman piano class. J. of Research in Music Education, pp. 68--73.
[6]
Penttinen, M., 2013. Skill development in music reading: the eye-movement approach, Turku, Finnland: University of Turku.
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Penttinen, M. & Huovinen, E., 2011. The early development of sight-reading skills in adulthood: a study of eye movements. J. of Research in Music Education, 59(2), pp. 196--220.
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Rhea, R., 1954. Music reading films. J. of Research in Music Education, Volume 2, pp. 147--155.
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Wolf, T., 1976. A cognitive model of musical sight-reading. Journal of Pshycholinguistic Research, 5(2), pp. 143--171.

Cited By

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  • (2023)EyePiano: Leveraging Gaze For Reflective Piano LearningProceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3563657.3596065(1209-1223)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023

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Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
ETRA '14: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
March 2014
394 pages
ISBN:9781450327510
DOI:10.1145/2578153
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 26 March 2014

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Author Tags

  1. eye tracking
  2. piano playing
  3. sight-reading

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  • Research-article

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ETRA '14
ETRA '14: Eye Tracking Research and Applications
March 26 - 28, 2014
Florida, Safety Harbor

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Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 137 submissions, 50%

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Cited By

View all
  • (2023)EyePiano: Leveraging Gaze For Reflective Piano LearningProceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3563657.3596065(1209-1223)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023

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