Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/1287624.1287689acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesfseConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Free/open source software development

Published: 07 September 2007 Publication History

Abstract

The focus of this paper is to review what is known about free and open source software development (FOSSD) work practices, development processes, project and community dynamics, and other socio-technical relationships. It focuses on exploring how FOSS is developed and evolved based on an extensive review of a set of empirical studies of FOSSD projects that articulate different levels of analysis. These characterize what has been analyzed in FOSSD studies across levels that examine (i) why individuals participate; (ii) resources and capabilities supporting development activities; (iii) how cooperation, coordination, and control are realized in projects; (iv) alliance formation and inter-project social networking; (v) FOSS as a multi-project software ecosystem, and (vi) FOSS as a social movement. Next, there is a discussion of limitations and constraints in the FOSSD studies so far. Last, attention shifts to identifying emerging opportunities for future FOSSD studies that can give rise to the development of new software engineering tools or techniques, as well as to new empirical studies of software development.

References

[1]
Antoniades, I.P., Samoladas, I., Stamelos, I., Angelis, L., and Bleris, G.L., Dynamic Simulation Models of the Open Source Development Process, in Koch, S. (Ed.), Free/Open Source Software Development, IGI Publishing, Hershey, PA, 174--202, 2005.
[2]
Benkler, Y. The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 2006.
[3]
Bergquist, M. and Ljungberg, J., The power of gifts: organizing social relationships in open source communities, Info. Systems J., 11, 305--320, 2001.
[4]
Capaluppi, A. and Michlmayr, M., From the Cathedral to the Bazaar: An Empirical Study of the Lifecycle of Volunteer Community Projects, in Feller, J., Fitzgerald, B., Scacchi, W., and Sillitti, A., (Eds.), Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation, IFIP Vol. 234, Springer, Boston,31--44, 2007.
[5]
Cook, J.E., Votta, L.G., and Wolf, A.L., Cost-Effective Analysis of In-Place Software Processes, IEEE Trans. Software Engineering, 24(8), 650--663, 1998.
[6]
Crowston, K. and Howison, J., Hierarchy and centralization in free and open source software team communications, Knowledge Technology & Policy, 18(4), Winter, 65--85, 2006.
[7]
Crowston, K., and Scozzi, B., Open Source Software Projects as Virtual Organizations: Competency Rallying for Software Development, IEE Proceedings-Software, 149(1), 3--17, 2002.
[8]
Damiani, E., Fitzgerald, B., Scacchi, W., Scotto, M. and Succi, G., (Eds.), Open Source Systems, IFIP Vol. 203, Springer, Boston, 2006.
[9]
De Souza, C. R. B., Froehlich, J., and Dourish, P., Seeking the Source: Software Source Code as a Social and Technical Artifact. Proc. ACM Intern. Conf. Supporting Group Work (GROUP 2005), Sanibel Island, Florida, 197--206, 2005.
[10]
DiBona, C., Cooper, D., and Stone, M., Open Sources 2.0, O'Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA. 2005.
[11]
DiBona, C., Ockman, and Stone, M., Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution, O'Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA, 1999.
[12]
Elliott, M.S., Examining The Success of Computerization Movements in the Ubiquitous Computing Era: Free and Open Source Software Movements, in Kraemer, K.L. and Elliott, M. (Eds.), Computerization Movements and Technology Diffusion: From Mainframes to Ubiquitous Computing, Information Today, Inc., to appear, 2008.
[13]
Elliott, M. and Scacchi, W., Free Software Development: Cooperation and Conflict in A Virtual Organizational Culture, in Koch, S. (Ed.), Free/Open Source Software Development, IGI Publishing, Hershey, PA, 152--172, 2005.
[14]
Erenkrantz, J., Release Management within Open Source Projects, Proc. 3rd. Workshop on Open Source Software Engineering, 25th. Intern. Conf. Soft. Eng., Portland, OR, May 2003.
[15]
Espinosa, J. A., Kraut, R.E., Slaughter, S. A., Lerch, J. F., Herbsleb, J. D., Mockus, A., Shared Mental Models, Familiarity, and Coordination: A Multi-method Study of Distributed Software Teams. Intern. Conf. Information Systems, Barcelona, Spain, December. 425--433, 2002.
[16]
Feller, J., Fitzgerald, B., Hissam, S. and Lakhani, K. (Eds.), Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005.
[17]
Feller, J., Fitzgerald, B., Scacchi, W., and Sillitti, A., (Eds.), Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation, IFIP Vol. 234, Springer, Boston, 2007.
[18]
Fielding, R.T., Shared Leadership in the Apache Project. Communications ACM, 42(4), 42--43, 1999.
[19]
Fogel, K., Open Source Development with CVS, Coriolis Press, Scottsdale, AZ, 1999.
[20]
Fogel, K., Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Free Software Project, O'Reilly Press, Sebastopol, CA, 2005.
[21]
Goldman, R. and Gabriel, R.P., Innovation Happens Elsewhere: Open Source as Business Strategy, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 2005.
[22]
Greene, T.C., Ballmer: "Linux is a Cancer", The Register, http://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/02/ballmer_linux_is_a_cancer/, 2 June 2001.
[23]
Hann, I-H., Roberts, J., Slaughter, S., and Fielding, R., Economic Incentives for Participating in Open Source Software Projects, in Proc. Twenty-Third Intern. Conf. Information Systems, 365--372, 2002.
[24]
Hars, A. and Ou, S., Working for Free? Motivations for participating in open source projects, Intern. J. Electronic Commerce, 6(3), 25--39, 2002.
[25]
Harrison, W., Editorial: Open Source and Empirical Software Engineering, Empirical Software Engineering, 6(2), 193--194, 2001.
[26]
Howison, J., Conklin, M., and Crowston, K., FLOSSmole: A Collaborative Repository for FLOSS Research Data and Analyses. Intern. J. Info. Tech. and Web Engineering, 1(3), 17--26, 2006.
[27]
Huntley, C.L., Organizational Learning in Open-Source Software Projects: An Analysis of Debugging Data, IEEE Trans. Engineering Management, 50(4), 485--493, 2003.
[28]
Iannacci, F. Beyond Markets and Firms: The Emergence of Open Source Networks, First Monday, 10(5), 2005.
[29]
Jaaski, A. Experiences on Product Development with Open Source Software, in Feller, J., Fitzgerald, B., Scacchi, W., and Sillitti, A., (Eds.), Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation, IFIP Vol. 234, Springer, Boston,85--96. 2007.
[30]
Jensen, C. and Scacchi, W., Process Modeling Across the Web Information Infrastructure, Software Process -- Improvement and Practice, 10(3), 255--272, 2005.
[31]
Jensen, C. and Scacchi, W., Role migration and advancement processes in OSSD projects: A comparative case study, in Proc. 29th Intern. Conf. Soft. Eng., ACM, Minneapolis, MN, 364--374, 2007.
[32]
Koch, S. (Ed.), Free/Open Source Software Development, IGI Publishing, Hershey, PA, 2005.
[33]
Kraemer, K.L. and Elliott, M. (Eds.), Computerization Movements and Technology Diffusion: From Mainframes to Ubiquitous Computing, Information Today, Inc., to appear, 2008.
[34]
Lanzara, G.F. and Morner, M., Artifacts rule! How organizing happens in open source software projects, in B. Czarniawska and T. Hernes (Eds.), Actor-Network Theory and Organizing, Liber & Copenhagen Business School Press, Malmo, Sweden, 197--206, 2005.
[35]
Lave, J. and Wenger, E., Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1991.
[36]
Lehman, M.M., Programs, Life Cycles, and Laws of Software Evolution, Proc. IEEE, 68, 1060--1078, 1980.
[37]
Lehman, M.M., Software Evolution and Software Evolution Processes, Annals of Software Engineering, 12, 275--309, 2002.
[38]
Lopez-Fernandez, L., Robles, G., Gonzalez-Barahona, J.M., and Herraiz, I., Applying Social Network Analysis to Community-Driven Libre Software Projects, Intern. J. Info. Tech. and Web Engineering, 1(3), 27--28, 2006.
[39]
Madey, G., Freeh, V., and Tynan, R., Modeling the F/OSS Community: A Quantitative Investigation, in Koch, S. (Ed.), Free/Open Source Software Development, IGI Publishing, Hershey, PA, 203-221, 2005.
[40]
Marwell, G. and Oliver, P., The Critical Mass in Collective Action: A Micro-Social Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1993.
[41]
Mockus, A., Fielding, R., & Herbsleb, J.D., Two Case Studies of Open Source Software Development: Apache and Mozilla, ACM Trans. Soft. Eng. Meth., 11(3), 309--346, 2002.
[42]
Monge, P.R., Fulk, J., Kalman, M.E., Flanagin, A.J., Parnassa, C., and Rumsey, S., Production of Collective Action in Alliance-Based Interorganizational Communication and Information Systems, Organization Science, 9(3), 411--433, 1998.
[43]
Nakakoji, K., Yamamoto, Y., Nishinaka, Y., Kishida, K., and Ye,Y., Evolution Patterns of Open-Source Software Systems and Communities, Proc. 2002 Intern. Workshop Principles of Software Evolution, 76--85, 2002.
[44]
Noll, J. and Scacchi, W., Supporting Software Development in Virtual Enterprises, J. Digital Information, 1(4), February, http://jodi.tamu.edu/Articles/v01/i04/Noll/, 1999.
[45]
O'Mahony, S. Guarding the Commons: How Community Managed Software Projects Protect their Work, Research Policy 32(7), 1179--1198, 2003.
[46]
OSBC, Open Source Business Conference, http://www.osbc.com, (accessed 15 July 2006, 30 June 2007).
[47]
Ovaska, P., Rossi, M. and Marttiin, P. Architecture as a Coordination Tool in Multi-Site Software Development, Software Process-Improvement and Practice, 8(3), 233--247, 2003.
[48]
Robles, G., Duenas, S., and Gonzalez-Baharona, J.M., Corporate Involvement in Libre Software: Study of Presence in Debian Code over Time, in Feller, J., Fitzgerald, B., Scacchi, W., and Sillitti, A., (Eds.), Open Source Development, Adoption and Innovation, IFIP Vol. 234, Springer, Boston,121--132, 2007.
[49]
Robles, G. and Gonzalez-Baharona, J.M., Contributor Turnover in Libre Software Projects, in Damiani, E., Fitzgerald, B., Scacchi, W., Scotto, M. and Succi, G., (Eds.), Open Source Systems, IFIP Vol. 203, Springer, Boston, 273--286, 2006.
[50]
Sack, W., Detienne, F., Ducheneaut, Burkhardt, Mahendran, D., and Barcellini, F., A Methodological Framework for Socio-Cognitive Analyses of Collaborative Design of Open Source Software, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 15(2/3), 229--250, 2006.
[51]
Scacchi, W., Understanding the Requirements for Developing Open Source Software Systems, IEE Proceedings--Software, 149(1), 24--39, 2002.
[52]
Scacchi, W., Free/Open Source Software Development Practices in the Computer Game Community, IEEE Software, 21(1), 59--67, 2004.
[53]
Scacchi, W., Understanding Free/Open Source Software Evolution, in N.H. Madhavji, J.F. Ramil and D. Perry (Eds.), Software Evolution and Feedback: Theory and Practice, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 181--206, 2006.
[54]
Scacchi, W. Free/Open Source Software Development: Recent Research Results and Methods, in M. Zelkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Computers, 69, 243--295, 2007.
[55]
Scacchi, W., Jensen, C., Noll. J. and Elliott, M.E. Multi-Modal Modeling, Analysis and Validation of Open Source Software Development Processes, Intern. J. Internet Technology and Web Engineering, 1(3), 49--63, 2006.
[56]
Schach, S.R., Jin, B., Wright, D.R., Heller, G.Z., and Offutt, A.J., Maintainability of the Linux Kernel, IEE Proceedings -- Software, 149(1), 18--23, 2002.
[57]
Seaman, C.B. and Basili, V., Communication and Organization: An Empirical Study of Discussion in Inspection Meetings, IEEE Trans. Software Engineering, 24(6), 559--572, 1998.
[58]
Snow, D.A., Soule, S.A., and Kriesi, H., The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, Blackwell Publishers Ltd., Victoria, Australia, 2004.
[59]
Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 7th Edition, Addison-Wesley, New York, 2004.
[60]
von Krogh, G., Spaeth, S., and Lakhani, K., Community, Joining, and Specialization in Open Source Software Innovation: A Case Study, Research Policy, 32(7), 1217--1241, 2003.
[61]
Weiss, M., Moroiu, G. and Zhao, P., Evolution of Open Source Communities, in Damiani, E., Fitzgerald, B., Scacchi, W., Scotto, M. and Succi, G., (Eds.), Open Source Systems, IFIP Vol. 203, Springer, Boston, 21--32, 2006.
[62]
West, J. and O'Mahony, S., Contrasting Community Building in Sponsored and Community Founded Open Source Projects, Proc. 38th. Hawaii Intern. Conf. Systems Sciences, Waikola Village, HI, 2005.
[63]
West, J. and Dedrick, J., The Effect of Computerization Movements Upon Organizational Adoption of Open Source, in Kraemer, K.L. and Elliott, M. (Eds.), Computerization Movements and Technology Diffusion: From Mainframes to Ubiquitous Computing, Information Today, Inc., to appear, 2008.
[64]
Yamauchi, Y., Yokozawa, M., Shinohara, T., and Ishida, T., Collaboration with Lean Media: How Open-Source Software Succeeds, Proc. Computer Supported Cooperative Work Conf. (CSCW'00), Philadelphia, PA, ACM Press, 329--338, 2000.
[65]
Ye, Y., Nakajoki, K., Yamamoto, Y., and Kishida, K., The Co-Evolution of Systems and Communities in Free and Open Source Software Development, in Koch, S. (Ed.), Free/Open Source Software Development, IGI Publishing, Hershey, PA, 59--82. 2005.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Pamhyr2: A Graphical User Interface for 1D Hydro-Sedimentary Modelling of RiversAdvances in Hydroinformatics—SimHydro 2023 Volume 210.1007/978-981-97-4076-5_33(485-497)Online publication date: 18-Sep-2024
  • (2023)Understanding Mentors’ Engagement in OSS Communities via Google Summer of CodeIEEE Transactions on Software Engineering10.1109/TSE.2023.324241549:5(3106-3130)Online publication date: 1-May-2023
  • (2022)Adopting a New Practice: Open Source Experiences in the Classroom2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)10.1109/FIE56618.2022.9962578(1-7)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Free/open source software development

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      ESEC-FSE '07: Proceedings of the the 6th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering
      September 2007
      638 pages
      ISBN:9781595938114
      DOI:10.1145/1287624
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

      Sponsors

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 07 September 2007

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. empirical studies
      2. free software
      3. open source software
      4. socio-technical relationships
      5. software development practices

      Qualifiers

      • Article

      Conference

      ESEC/FSE07
      Sponsor:

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate 112 of 543 submissions, 21%

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)123
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6
      Reflects downloads up to 04 Feb 2025

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Pamhyr2: A Graphical User Interface for 1D Hydro-Sedimentary Modelling of RiversAdvances in Hydroinformatics—SimHydro 2023 Volume 210.1007/978-981-97-4076-5_33(485-497)Online publication date: 18-Sep-2024
      • (2023)Understanding Mentors’ Engagement in OSS Communities via Google Summer of CodeIEEE Transactions on Software Engineering10.1109/TSE.2023.324241549:5(3106-3130)Online publication date: 1-May-2023
      • (2022)Adopting a New Practice: Open Source Experiences in the Classroom2022 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)10.1109/FIE56618.2022.9962578(1-7)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2022
      • (2021)A Systematic Mapping Study on Requirements Engineering in Software EcosystemsResearch Anthology on Recent Trends, Tools, and Implications of Computer Programming10.4018/978-1-7998-3016-0.ch056(1202-1226)Online publication date: 2021
      • (2019)A systematic examination of knowledge loss in open source software projectsInternational Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.11.01546:C(104-123)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2019
      • (2018)A Systematic Mapping Study on Requirements Engineering in Software EcosystemsJournal of Information Technology Research10.4018/JITR.201801010411:1(49-69)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018
      • (2018)Software quality model for a research‐driven organization—An experience reportJournal of Software: Evolution and Process10.1002/smr.191130:5Online publication date: 17-May-2018
      • (2017)Analyzing the impact of social attributes on commit integration successProceedings of the 14th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories10.1109/MSR.2017.34(483-486)Online publication date: 20-May-2017
      • (2017)Open Source Software AdoptionIT Professional10.1109/MITP.2017.719:1(42-47)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2017
      • (2015)Social Interactions vs Revisions, What Is Important for Promotion in Wikipedia?Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining 201510.1145/2808797.2810063(888-893)Online publication date: 25-Aug-2015
      • Show More Cited By

      View Options

      Login options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Figures

      Tables

      Media

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media