Papers by Nicole Wrage-Moennig
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2012
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Management of soil organic matter (SOM) has traditionally focused on improving crop productivity ... more Management of soil organic matter (SOM) has traditionally focused on improving crop productivity and hence been considered mainly as a source of plant nutrients. Recently, there has been more of a focus on SOM as a reservoir for C sequestration, but far less emphasis has been placed on managing it for multiple agroecosystem services. Soils are living bodies and their multiple ecosystem functions are intimately related to the management of SOM pools and their dynamics, which are mediated by soil biotic activity and soil structural dynamics. Hence, soil management for multiple ecosystem services needs to focus on the link between SOM, soil structure, and soil biota and the regulating factors for this link. Stable or even increased C stocks can potentially be achieved by using no-tillage practices that favor fungal activity and stabilization of their byproducts, but ultimately an increase in organic input to the soil must be achieved in order to stimulate the soil biota and their proce...
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Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 2009
Phosphorus (P) is a major plant nutrient. Its increasing use as a fertilizer has helped to raise ... more Phosphorus (P) is a major plant nutrient. Its increasing use as a fertilizer has helped to raise crop and fodder production. However, the global reserves and resources of P are finite, demanding an efficient use of P. Under natural conditions, it is often in limited supply. Plants have developed adaptations to small soil P concentrations. Increased P levels can have
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Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004
... Nitrification and denitrification are the most important microbial sources of nitrous oxide (... more ... Nitrification and denitrification are the most important microbial sources of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in soils ([Granli and Bøckmann, 1994]). ... Per plot, six cores were pooled to reduce the influence of spatial heterogeneity in the investigation of the effects of fertilisation and pH on N 2 O ...
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Fems Microbiology Ecology, 2004
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Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009
... during nitrifier pathways. Dorien M. Kool a , b , Corresponding Author Contact Information , ... more ... during nitrifier pathways. Dorien M. Kool a , b , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author , Christoph Müller c , Nicole Wrage d , Oene Oenema a and Jan Willem Van Groenigen a , b. a Alterra ...
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Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012
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Biogeochemistry, 2003
In a one-year field study (June 1998 to April 1999), we quantified N2O and NOx emissions from an ... more In a one-year field study (June 1998 to April 1999), we quantified N2O and NOx emissions from an extensively managed grassland in NE Bavaria (Germany) in unfertilized controls and after application of slurry or mineral N (calcium ammonium nitrate), respectively. Emissions were measured every 2–4 weeks, with additional daily measurements for 10 days after each fertilizer application. The closed chamber
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Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2010
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Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011
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Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001
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Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011
Soils are the major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) to our atmosphere. A thoroug... more Soils are the major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) to our atmosphere. A thorough understanding of terrestrial N2O production is therefore essential. N2O can be produced by nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and by nitrifiers paradoxically denitrifying. The latter pathway, though well-known in pure culture, has only recently been demonstrated in soils. Moreover, nitrifier denitrification appeared to be much less important than classical nitrate-driven denitrification. Here we studied a poor sandy soil, and show that when moisture conditions are sub-optimal for denitrification, nitrifier denitrification can be a major contributor to N2O emission from this soil. We conclude that the relative importance of classical and nitrifier denitrification in N2O emitted from soil is a function of the soil moisture content, and likely of other environmental conditions as well. Accordingly, we suggest that nitrifier denitrification should be routinely considered as a major source of N2O from soil.
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2004
Nitrifiers and denitrifiers are the main producers of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Kno... more Nitrifiers and denitrifiers are the main producers of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Knowledge of the respective contributions of each of these microbial groups to N2O production is a prerequisite for the development of effective mitigation strategies for N2O. Often, the differentiation is made by the use of inhibitors. Measurements of the natural abundance of the stable isotopes of N and O in N2O have been suggested as an alternative for the often unreliable inhibition studies. Here, we tested the natural abundance incubation method developed by Tilsner et al.1 with soils from four European grasslands differing in long‐term management practices. Emission rates of N2O and stable isotope natural abundance of N2O and mineral N were measured in four different soil incubations: a control with 60% water‐filled pore space (WFPS), a treatment with 60% WFPS and added ammonium (NH4+) to support nitrifiers, a control with 80% WFPS and a treatment with 80% WFPS and added nitrate (NO3−...
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2007
Stable isotope analysis of oxygen (O) is increasingly used to determine the origin of nitrate (NO... more Stable isotope analysis of oxygen (O) is increasingly used to determine the origin of nitrate (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the environment. The assumption underlying these studies is that the 18O signature of NO and N2O provides information on the different O sources (O2 and H2O) during the production of these compounds by various biochemical pathways. However, exchange of O atoms between H2O and intermediates of the (de)nitrification pathways may change the isotopic signal and thereby bias its interpretation for source determination. Chemical exchange of O between H2O and various nitrogenous oxides has been reported, but the probability and extent of its occurrence in terrestrial ecosystems remain unclear. Biochemical O exchange between H2O and nitrogenous oxides, NO in particular, has been reported for monocultures of many nitrifiers and denitrifiers that are abundant in nature, with exchange rates of up to 100%. Therefore, biochemical O exchange is likely to be important in mo...
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2005
We present a novel 18O‐15N‐enrichment method for the distinction between nitrous oxide (N2O) from... more We present a novel 18O‐15N‐enrichment method for the distinction between nitrous oxide (N2O) from nitrification, nitrifier denitrification and denitrification based on a method with single‐ and double‐15N‐labelled ammonium nitrate. We added a new treatment with 18O‐labelled water to quantify N2O from nitrifier denitrification. The theory behind this is that ammonia oxidisers use oxygen (O2) from soil air for the oxidation of ammonia (NH3), but use H2O for the oxidation of the resulting hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to nitrite (NO). Thus, N2O from nitrification would therefore be expected to reflect the 18O signature of soil O2, whereas the 18O signature of N2O from nitrifier denitrification would reflect that of both soil O2 and H2O. It was assumed that (a) there would be no preferential removal of 18O or 16O during nitrifier denitrification or denitrification, (b) the 18O signature of the applied 18O‐labelled water would remain constant over the experimental period, and (c) any O exchange ...
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2009
To effectively mitigate emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N(2)O) it is essential to ... more To effectively mitigate emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N(2)O) it is essential to understand the biochemical pathways by which it is produced. The (18)O signature of N(2)O is increasingly used to characterize these processes. However, assumptions on the origin of the O atom and resultant isotopic composition of N(2)O that are based on reaction stoichiometry may be questioned. In particular, our deficient knowledge on O exchange between H(2)O and nitrogen oxides during N(2)O production complicates the interpretation of the (18)O signature of N(2)O.Here we studied O exchange during N(2)O formation in soil, using a novel combination of (18)O and (15)N tracing. Twelve soils were studied, covering soil and land-use variability across Europe. All soils demonstrated the significant presence of O exchange, as incorporation of O from (18)O-enriched H(2)O into N(2)O exceeded their maxima achievable through reaction stoichiometry. Based on the retention of the enrichment ratio of (18)O and (15)N of NO(3)(-) into N(2)O, we quantified O exchange during denitrification. Up to 97% (median 85%) of the N(2)O-O originated from H(2)O instead of from the denitrification substrate NO(3)(-).We conclude that in soil, the main source of atmospheric N(2)O, the (18)O signature of N(2)O is mainly determined by H(2)O due to O exchange between nitrogen oxides and H(2)O. This also challenges the assumption that the O of N(2)O originates from O(2) and NO(3)(-), in ratios reflecting reaction stoichiometry.
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Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2005
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Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2011
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Papers by Nicole Wrage-Moennig