Papers by Gabriela Gonçalves
Vivemos cada mais tempo, o que tem contribuído para novas necessidades, em particular no que diz ... more Vivemos cada mais tempo, o que tem contribuído para novas necessidades, em particular no que diz respeito à forma como lidamos com a população idosa e com os cuidados que requer. Em Portugal, as instituições de acolhimento de idosos têm procurado melhorar os seus serviços, mas assiste-se ainda a escassa intervenção no que diz respeito aos cuidadores formais. Referimo-nos aos trabalhadores que, sem formação específica, cuidam diariamente dos idosos, e são recrutados sobretudo com base na sua disponibilidade no mercado de trabalho. Neste sentido, é fundamental que as instituições tenham políticas de desenvolvimento de competências. Este estudo, de cariz descritivo, teve como objetivo caracterizar a formação dada aos cuidadores formais nas instituições da região do Algarve. Os dados foram recolhidos junto de responsáveis de 18 instituições, abrangendo um total de 529 cuidadores formais e 1083 camas, relativamente ao espaço temporal de 1 ano. Os resultados mostram que a formação é consi...
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Avances de la psicología ambiental ante la promoción de la salud, el bienestar y la calidad de vida, 2015, ISBN 978-84-943701-6-8, págs. 82-83, 2015
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Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies, 2019
This document tries to study the truth about human concealed ovulation only by analysing possible... more This document tries to study the truth about human concealed ovulation only by analysing possible facial modifications. In normal view, the human ovulation remains concealed. In other words, there is no visible external sign of the mensal period in humans. These external signs are very much visible in many animals such as baboons, dogs or elephants. Some are visual (baboons) and others are biochemical (dogs). Insects use pheromones and other animals can use sounds to inform the partners of their fertility period. The objective is not just to study the visual female ovulation signs but also to understand and explain automatic image processing methods which could be used to extract precise landmarks from the facial pictures. This could later be applied to the studies of fluctuant asymmetry. The field of fluctuant asymmetry is a growing field in evolutionary biology but cannot be easily developed because of the time necessary to extract landmarks manually. In this work we have tried to see if such signs are present in human face during the ovulation could be detected, either by computer vision or by human observers. We have taken photography from 50 girls for 32 days. Each day we took many photos. At the end we chose a set of 600 photos, 15 photos per girl representing the whole mensal cycle of 40 women. The photos were organized in a rating software to allow human raters to watch and choose the 2 best looking pictures for each girl. These results were then checked to highlight the relation between chosen photos and ovulation period in the cycle. The results, were indicating that in fact there are some clues in the face of human which could eventually give a hint about their ovulation. Later, different automatic landmark detection methods were applied to the pictures to detect landmarks which could show the changes in the face during the period. Although the precision of methods tested are far from being perfect, but the comparison of these measurements to the state of art indexes of beauty shows a slight modification of the face towards a prettier face during the ovulation. The automatic methods tested were Active Appearance Model (AAM), the neural deep learning and the regression trees. It was observed that for this kind of applications the best method was the regression trees. Future work has to be conducted to firmly confirm these data, number of human raters should be augmented and a proper learning data base should be developed to allow a learning process specific to this problematic. We also think that low level image processing will be necessary to achieve the final precision which could reveal more details of possible changes
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Abstract: This article focused on studying the impact of multicultural personality on tolerance t... more Abstract: This article focused on studying the impact of multicultural personality on tolerance towards diversity among a sample of 245 Portuguese university students. With the use of correlation analysis, the findings revealed that all multicultural personality dimensions (cultural empathy, open-mindedness, emotional stability, social initiation, and flexibility) were highly associated with tolerance of diversity, demonstrating close relationship between multicultural personality and tolerance to representatives of different cultural background. At the same time, only open-mindedness was investigated to be positive predictor of tolerance in intercultural context. Practical implications of the research are also discussed. Keywords: tolerance; multicultural personality; intercultural; diversity; Portugal.
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Journal of Global Mobility, 2017
Purpose The globalization of work has contributed to a great increment in cross-cultural interact... more Purpose The globalization of work has contributed to a great increment in cross-cultural interactions, contributing to a new impetus in the expatriates’ topic. The costs associated with the failed international missions are high, and the identification of effective adjustment strategies is of extreme importance, both for organizations and for individuals. The purpose of this paper is to identify the kind of practices that are developed by organizations and their impact on the adjustment of expatriates. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the proposed objective, a systematic review of literature (from the late 1980s to the present day) will be carried out. Findings Based on five articles on the topic, the results show that there are few studies that assess the impact of the types of adjustment to organizational practices, with the cross-cultural training and language training being the most common. These practices have shown a positive effect on performance and adjustment of expat...
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Avaliacao Psicologica, Aug 1, 2013
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Laboratório de Psicologia, 2013
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Psychological Thought, 2018
Balancing family and professional roles has become one of the challenges of the twenty-first cent... more Balancing family and professional roles has become one of the challenges of the twenty-first century. This exploratory study aims to analyse the guilt, losses, aspirations and difficulties associated with work-family interaction and the career centrality of men and women, as well as their strategies to cope with work-family conflict. Using questionnaire and interview data of 73 Portuguese participants (41 men and 32 women), we showed that the women experienced the most guilt and loss and greater difficulties in balancing family and professional life. Yet contrary to the literature, the women in this sample assigned great importance to their career (even higher than men), but they felt that their potential for success at work was constrained due to the family demands. Prioritizing family over work gives work-centered women a sense of sacrifice, loss and guilt.
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Dos Algarves: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal, 2015
Organizational life encompasses complex processes and daily activities aimed at increasing effici... more Organizational life encompasses complex processes and daily activities aimed at increasing efficiency and effectiveness. Workplace meetings are one of such activities that, despite their usefulness in helping organizations to achieve their goals, can be an overlooked practice, with high financial burdens. This exploratory study intends to build an organizational diagnosis formula aimed at assessing the cost-benefit effectiveness of workplace meetings. Based on a sample of seven meetings in a management unit of a higher education public institution, our data show that each meeting results, on average, in six decisions, with the estimated cost in personnel time for each meeting of 496.68€ and a resulting productivity ratio of 198.67€ per decision. The application of our diagnosis formula might contribute to maximize the effectiveness of meetings and organizational performance.
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The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 2018
The current organizational environment, characterized by uncertainty, requires the need for compr... more The current organizational environment, characterized by uncertainty, requires the need for comprehending a complex set of variables and relations. Understanding, decision-making, and judging of information are daily processes that managers perform; these processes are often influenced by individual characteristics in terms of information processing. Among the several determining attributes of managers’ performance presented in the literature is the need for cognition. Despite its importance, studies with samples of Portuguese managers are still scarce, so that through a sample of 442 managers who are members of the executive body of Portuguese microenterprises, this study examined (a) the factor structure of the Need for Cognition Scale–18 items (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982), (b) the scale’s reliability, and (c) the invariance of its factor structure across gender and across professional activity (through a sample of nonmanagers, n = 344). Our analyses support a structure with three factors (Commitment of Cognitive Effort, Preference for Complexity, and Desire for Understanding), with good reliability and validity. The Scale showed variance between genders and between samples, which makes it less generalizable and more susceptible to population type. We also found significant differences in the levels of need for cognition between genders, in the factors Commitment of Cognitive Effort and Preference for Complexity. The sample of managers had significantly higher levels of need for cognition compared with the sample of nonmanagers. Collectively, these findings provide compelling evidence in support of the Need for Cognition Scale for managers and other professionals. However, more research is warranted to investigate the scale measurement invariance.
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Título: Júzgame, no me juzgues: el rol del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la violaci... more Título: Júzgame, no me juzgues: el rol del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la violación por un conocido Resumen: El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el efecto del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la atracción inicial percibida, honestidad, y atribuciones de responsabilidad en la violación. Se probó un diseño experimental 3 (tamaño del ojo: pequeño vs. normal vs. grande) x 2 (género del observador: masculino vs. femenino). Noventa participantes (45 mujeres y 45 hombres) observaron una de tres caras femeninas asignadas al azar (con manipulación del tamaño de los ojos), y puntuaron la honestidad y atractivo inicial. Entonces se les pidió que leyeran un escenario de violación por conocido con una mujer tradicional, puntuando la responsabilidad de la víctima y del agresor. Se demostró que el tamaño del ojo afecta a todas las variables del estudio: el rostro femenino con ojos grandes fue visto como más atractivo y honesto, se consideró menos responsable de su ...
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Psychological Reports, 2021
Widely and slowly, discrimination against women based upon gender has become socially unacceptabl... more Widely and slowly, discrimination against women based upon gender has become socially unacceptable. However, less is known about how sexist beliefs have progressed in the last years and if we are responding to this social antagonizing of a sexist discourse. Our goal was to verify the existence of differences in ambivalent sexism and neosexism over a ten-year gap in a Portuguese adult sample and to assess possible modifications in the relationship between the variables. A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted using two independent groups, with measures taken in 2009 and then in 2019. Both groups were invariant in terms of average age and proportion of sexes. Our results show a decrease in hostile and benevolent forms of sexism, while neosexism remains constant. The relationships between variables suggest that sexist beliefs are changing to accommodate subtler and modernized forms of sexism, like neosexism, that deny the existence of discrimination against women, resent d...
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O artigo pretende contribuir para o debate sobre politica energetica, numa otica das Relacoes Int... more O artigo pretende contribuir para o debate sobre politica energetica, numa otica das Relacoes Internacionais, a partir de uma analise empirica das acoes internacionais do Brasil no periodo entre 2003 e 2012. Busca apontar os fatores que explicam aparentes contradicoes da politica energetica, desdobrando-se na estrategia de politica externa que o Brasil desempenhou para os biocombustiveis no periodo. Inicialmente, identificam-se a energia e os objetivos energeticos como questoes politicas, atentando para as diferentes possibilidades de implementacao destes objetivos por parte dos Estados; discorre-se, com apresentacao de dados, sobre a estrategia de insercao internacional brasileira com foco nos biocombustiveis. Por fim, investigam-se possiveis explicacoes para uma guinada na estrategia brasileira, a partir dos outputs da analise. Sugere-se que houve uma mudanca na acao internacional brasileira relacionada a acontecimentos que nao estavam previstos no momento em que o Brasil articula...
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Passion is defined as a strong inclination toward an activity that people like, that they find im... more Passion is defined as a strong inclination toward an activity that people like, that they find important and in which they invest time and energy, such as working or playing football. Since a specific measure to assess levels of passion in the workplace is lacking in Spain, the aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Passion scale (Vallerand et al., 2003) into Spanish. After translating it from English to Spanish using the forward-backward translation method, it was given to a sample of 548 Spanish workers. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to test the replicability of the scale. The results confirmed the expected two-factor structure through internal replication using exploratory factor analysis. Criterion-related validity was tested by correlating both obsessive and harmonious passion to work engagement. With regard to internal consistency, adequate Alpha coefficients were obtained for both factors.
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This study examined the influence of the victim's eye size and observer's gender on the o... more This study examined the influence of the victim's eye size and observer's gender on the observers' perception of initial attraction and honesty of the victim, identification of the observer with a female target, and observers' attribution of victim's and perpetrator's responsibility for rape. A 3 (victim's eye size: small vs. normal vs. large) x 2 (observer's gender: female vs. male) experimental design was used. Participants (45 females and 45 males) observed one of three randomly assigned female faces (with eye size manipulation) and rated initial attraction, honesty, and identification. They were then asked to read a rape scenario (with a non-traditional woman) and to rate the victim's and offender's responsibility. The victim's eye size was shown a significant effect on all variables, except for perpetrator's responsibility. The female face with large eyes was perceived as more attractive and honest, elicited higher identification,...
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Tourism & Management Studies, 2017
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Psicólogo inFormação, 2015
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Papers by Gabriela Gonçalves