Papers by Sumanta Chatterjee
Influence of Irrigation, Crop Residue Mulch and Nitrogen Management Practices on Soil Physical Quality, 2016
Improvement in soil structure is a prerequisite for maintaining soil physical health/quality and ... more Improvement in soil structure is a prerequisite for maintaining soil physical health/quality and for sustaining agricultural productivity at higher level. Field experiments were conducted during the kharif season of 2012 and 2013 on maize crop in a sandy loam soil to study the impact of different management practices viz., irrigation, crop residue mulch and nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil physical quality indices like least limiting water range (LLWR), S index, mean weight diameter (MWD), water stable aggregates (%WSA) and whole soil stability index (WSSI), and their impact on crop growth and yield. Maize (cv HQPM 1) was grown in a split-split plot design with two levels of irrigation (irrigated and rainfed), two levels of mulch (no mulch and wheat residue mulch @ 10 t ha-1) and three levels of N (0, 75 and 150 kg N ha-1). Soil physical quality parameters such as S index, LLWR, MWD, %WSA and WSSI increased due to irrigation, crop residue mulching and N application. Application of irrigation, mulch and N @ 150 kg ha-1 significantly increased the S index by 3.5, 9.9 and 4.3 per cent, respectively compared to the respective control treatments (rainfed, no mulch and no N treatments). Crop residue mulching significantly increased LLWR by 48.3, 11.4 and 31.6 per cent over no-mulch treatment at 0-15 cm soil depth at 67 days after sowing (DAS), 95 DAS and harvest, respectively. Application of irrigation registered significantly higher MWD by 21.4 per cent after maize harvest over the rainfed treatment, whereas, mulching increased MWD by 6.7 per cent after maize harvest than no-mulch treatment. After maize harvest, mulching registered significantly higher WSA by 7.8 per cent over the no-mulch treatment. The root growth, grain and biomass yield of maize was significantly correlated with the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil at 0-15 cm soil depth. Therefore, growing maize crop with need based irrigation at critical growth stages, N application @ 150 kg ha-1 and crop residue mulching @ 10 t ha-1 resulted in better soil physical quality and maize yield in sandy loam soil of Delhi region.
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Yield and Input Use Efficiency of Maize (Zea mays L.) as Influenced by Crop Residue Mulch, Irrigation and Nitrogen Management, 2017
Field experiments were conducted in a sandy loam soil at the research farm of the Indian Agricult... more Field experiments were conducted in a sandy loam soil at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi during the kharif season of 2012 and 2013 with the objective to study the effect of crop residue mulch, irrigation and nitrogen (N) on soil water dynamics, growth, yield, water and N use efficiency of maize. Maize (cv. HQPM 1) was grown in a split-split plot design with two levels of irrigation, two levels of mulch and three levels of N. The grain yield of maize increased significantly by 31 per cent under irrigated condition than that of rainfed condition in the year 2012. Application of crop residue mulch increased the grain yield of maize significantly by 11.5 and 28.4 per cent compared to no-mulch treatment in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Application of N significantly increased the grain yield of maize over the control. However, there was no significant difference between 75 kg and 150 kg N ha-1 with respect to grain and biomass yield of maize. The water use efficiency of maize increased significantly by 12.6 and 36 per cent in 2012 and 2013, respectively due to crop residue mulch. The apparent N recovery and agronomic N use efficiency increased significantly but physiological N use efficiency decreased under mulching. So, maize may be grown with 75 kg N ha-1 and wheat residue mulch @ 10 t ha-1 to achieve higher yield, water use efficiency and N use efficiency in Upper-Indo-Gangetic Plain region.
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Effects of irrigation, crop residue mulch and nitrogen management in maize (Zea mays L.) on soil carbon pools in a sandy loam soil of Indo-gangetic plain region, 2018
Different land use management practices e.g. native forest vegetation, pastures and the agricultu... more Different land use management practices e.g. native forest vegetation, pastures and the agricultural management practices (e.g. tillage, cropping system, crop residue mulching and fertilizer and manure application) influence the soil organic carbon pools, which has short term and long term implications on soil carbon dynamics. Field experiments were conducted in a sandy loam soil of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi research farm during the kharif season (July to October) of 2012 and 2013 with the objective to study the short term (2 years) impact of irrigation, crop residue mulch and nitrogen management in maize on soil organic carbon pools and to identify the best management practice in terms of Carbon Management Index (CMI). Maize (cv. HQPM 1) was grown in a split-split plot design with two levels of irrigation (irrigated and rainfed) as main factor, two levels of mulch (No mulch and wheat residue at a rate of 10 Mg/ha as mulch) as sub factor and three levels of nitrogen (0, 75 and 150 kg N/ha) as subsub factor. The results showed that total organic carbon (TOC)
increased by 40.5% in irrigation treatment compared to the rainfed treatment for the 0–5 cm soil depth after 2nd year of cropping. Application of crop residue mulch significantly increased the TOC concentration by 14.9% at 0–5 cm soil depth compared to the no mulch treatment. Crop residue mulch also significantly increased carbon
stratification ratio (SR) by 9.2% compared to no mulch treatment for the same depth. Nitrogen application at 150 kg/ha significantly increased TOC concentration at 0–5 cm soil depth by 22.2% and 7.8% over control and 75 kg/ha, respectively. Water stable aggregate associated carbon concentration in large macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates increased significantly by 16.7% and 11.8%, respectively due to crop residue mulching. Application of crop residue mulch resulted in significant increase in labile and non-labile pools of carbon at
0–5 cm soil depth compared to the no mulch treatment, and among the labile pools of carbon, the maximum increase was recorded in very labile (VL) pools. The Carbon Lability Index (CLI) decreased whereas Carbon Pool Index (CPI) and Carbon Management Index (CMI) increased due to irrigation and crop residue mulch application. Application of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher CMI than that of 150 kg N/ha at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. So maize may be grown under irrigated condition with wheat residue mulch at a rate of 10 Mg/ha and 75 kg N/ha to achieve higher total organic carbon pool and labile pools of carbon, better Carbon Management Index.
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Establishing an Empirical Model for Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval at the U.S. Climate Reference Network Using Sentinel-1 Backscatter and Ancillary Data, 2020
Progress in sensor technologies has allowed real-time monitoring of soil water. It is a challenge... more Progress in sensor technologies has allowed real-time monitoring of soil water. It is a challenge to model soil water content based on remote sensing data. Here, we retrieved and modeled surface soil moisture (SSM) at the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) stations using Sentinel-1 backscatter data from 2016 to 2018 and ancillary data. Empirical machine learning models were established between soil water content measured at the USCRN stations with Sentinel-1 data from 2016 to 2017, the National Land Cover Dataset, terrain parameters, and Polaris soil data, and were evaluated in 2018 at the same USCRN stations. The Cubist model performed better than the multiple linear regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF) model (R 2 = 0.68 and RMSE = 0.06 m 3 m-3 for validation). The Cubist model performed best in Shrub/Scrub, followed by Herbaceous and Cultivated Crops but poorly in Hay/Pasture. The success of SSM retrieval was mostly attributed to soil properties, followed by Sentinel-1 backscatter data, terrain parameters, and land cover. The approach shows the potential for retrieving SSM using Sentinel-1 data in a combination of high-resolution ancillary data across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Future work is required to improve the model performance by including more SSM network measurements, assimilating Sentinel-1 data with other microwave, optical and thermal remote sensing products. There is also a need to improve the spatial resolution and accuracy of land surface parameter products (e.g., soil properties and terrain parameters) at the regional and global scales.
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Papers by Sumanta Chatterjee
increased by 40.5% in irrigation treatment compared to the rainfed treatment for the 0–5 cm soil depth after 2nd year of cropping. Application of crop residue mulch significantly increased the TOC concentration by 14.9% at 0–5 cm soil depth compared to the no mulch treatment. Crop residue mulch also significantly increased carbon
stratification ratio (SR) by 9.2% compared to no mulch treatment for the same depth. Nitrogen application at 150 kg/ha significantly increased TOC concentration at 0–5 cm soil depth by 22.2% and 7.8% over control and 75 kg/ha, respectively. Water stable aggregate associated carbon concentration in large macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates increased significantly by 16.7% and 11.8%, respectively due to crop residue mulching. Application of crop residue mulch resulted in significant increase in labile and non-labile pools of carbon at
0–5 cm soil depth compared to the no mulch treatment, and among the labile pools of carbon, the maximum increase was recorded in very labile (VL) pools. The Carbon Lability Index (CLI) decreased whereas Carbon Pool Index (CPI) and Carbon Management Index (CMI) increased due to irrigation and crop residue mulch application. Application of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher CMI than that of 150 kg N/ha at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. So maize may be grown under irrigated condition with wheat residue mulch at a rate of 10 Mg/ha and 75 kg N/ha to achieve higher total organic carbon pool and labile pools of carbon, better Carbon Management Index.
increased by 40.5% in irrigation treatment compared to the rainfed treatment for the 0–5 cm soil depth after 2nd year of cropping. Application of crop residue mulch significantly increased the TOC concentration by 14.9% at 0–5 cm soil depth compared to the no mulch treatment. Crop residue mulch also significantly increased carbon
stratification ratio (SR) by 9.2% compared to no mulch treatment for the same depth. Nitrogen application at 150 kg/ha significantly increased TOC concentration at 0–5 cm soil depth by 22.2% and 7.8% over control and 75 kg/ha, respectively. Water stable aggregate associated carbon concentration in large macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates increased significantly by 16.7% and 11.8%, respectively due to crop residue mulching. Application of crop residue mulch resulted in significant increase in labile and non-labile pools of carbon at
0–5 cm soil depth compared to the no mulch treatment, and among the labile pools of carbon, the maximum increase was recorded in very labile (VL) pools. The Carbon Lability Index (CLI) decreased whereas Carbon Pool Index (CPI) and Carbon Management Index (CMI) increased due to irrigation and crop residue mulch application. Application of 75 kg N/ha resulted in significantly higher CMI than that of 150 kg N/ha at 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. So maize may be grown under irrigated condition with wheat residue mulch at a rate of 10 Mg/ha and 75 kg N/ha to achieve higher total organic carbon pool and labile pools of carbon, better Carbon Management Index.