Papers by Giuseppe De Vito
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998
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Journal of Clinical Medicine, Jan 4, 2019
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Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging, Aug 26, 2016
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Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, Apr 10, 2020
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GeroScience
Although physiological data suggest that neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction is a principal ... more Although physiological data suggest that neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction is a principal mechanism underpinning sarcopenia, genetic studies have implicated few genes involved in NMJ function. Accordingly, we explored whether genes encoding agrin (AGRN) and neurotrypsin (PRSS12) were associated with sarcopenia phenotypes: muscle mass, strength and plasma C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF). PhenoScanner was used to determine if AGRN and/or PRSS12 variants had previously been implicated with sarcopenia phenotypes. For replication, we combined genotype from whole genome sequencing with phenotypic data from 6715 GenoFit participants aged 18–83 years. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assessed whole body lean mass (WBLM) and appendicular lean mass (ALM), hand dynamometry determined grip strength and ELISA measured plasma CAF in a subgroup (n = 260). Follow-up analyses included eQTL analyses, carrier analyses, single-variant and gene-burden tests. rs2710873 (AGRN) and rs71608359 (PRSS1...
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Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
BackgroundEfforts to enhance diagnostic measures for sarcopenia have led to an increased focus on... more BackgroundEfforts to enhance diagnostic measures for sarcopenia have led to an increased focus on the screening utility of blood‐based biomarkers. In this regard, circulating neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels are a potent indicator of axonal damage and have been linked with several neurological disorders. However, despite the strong neurogenic contribution to skeletal muscle health, no studies have explored the relevance of NfL concentrations to sarcopenia. With that in mind, this study aimed to examine the association between plasma NfL concentration and sarcopenic domains.MethodsThree hundred adults aged between 50 and 83 years participated to this study (male participants, n = 150; mean age: 64.2 ± 8.7 years and female participants, n = 150; mean age: 63.9 ± 8.3 years). Body composition was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and a skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated. Muscle strength was assessed with hand dynamometry. Sarcopenia was classified using the ...
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GeroScience, 2021
Weak grip strength is a strong predictor of multiple adverse health outcomes and an integral diag... more Weak grip strength is a strong predictor of multiple adverse health outcomes and an integral diagnostic component of sarcopenia. However, the limited availability of normative data for certain populations impedes the interpretation of grip performance across adulthood. This study aimed to establish normative data and low grip strength thresholds in a large adult population, and to examine associations between grip strength and clinically relevant health variables. A total of 9431 adults aged between 18 and 92 years participated in this study (mean age: 44.8 ± 13.4 years; 57% females). Grip strength, body composition, and cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness were assessed using hand dynamometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical work capacity tests, respectively. Low grip strength was established according to criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Normative data and t-scores, stratified by sex and age groups, are presented. Grip performance was as...
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Cells, 2019
The age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function known as ‘sarcopenia’ is a... more The age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function known as ‘sarcopenia’ is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, functional disability and mortality. While skeletal muscle properties are known to be highly heritable, evidence regarding the specific genes underpinning this heritability is currently inconclusive. This review aimed to identify genetic variants known to be associated with muscle phenotypes relevant to sarcopenia. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched (from January 2004 to March 2019) using pre-defined search terms such as “aging”, “sarcopenia”, “skeletal muscle”, “muscle strength” and “genetic association”. Candidate gene association studies and genome wide association studies that examined the genetic association with muscle phenotypes in non-institutionalised adults aged ≥50 years were included. Fifty-four studies were included in the final analysis. Twenty-six genes an...
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Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 2010
We investigated the effect of ageing and training on muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV) and ... more We investigated the effect of ageing and training on muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV) and cardiorespiratory response during incremental cycling exercise. Eight young (YT; 24+/-5 yrs) and eight older (OT; 64+/-3 yrs) cyclists, together with eight young (YU; 27+/-4 yrs) and eight older (OU; 63+/-2 yrs) untrained individuals underwent to an incremental maximal test on a cycle ergometer. Ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max) were identified and MFCV recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle using surface electromyography with linear arrays electrodes. In YT MFCV increased with the exercise intensity, reaching a peak of 4.99+/-1.02 [m/s] at VT. Thereafter, and up to VO(2)max, MFCV declined. In YU MFCV showed a similar trend although the peak [4.55+/-0.53m/s] was observed, at 75% of VO(2)max an intensity higher than VT (66% of VO(2)max). In both YT and YU MFCV did not decline until RPC, which occurred at 78% VO(2)max in YU and at 92% VO(2)max (P<0.01) in YT. Differently from young individuals, MFCV in older subjects did not increase with exercise intensity. Moreover, maximal MFCV in OU was significantly lower [3.53+/-0.40 m/s;] than that of YT (P<0.005) and YU (P<0.05). The present study shows that, especially in young individuals, MFCV reflects cardiorespiratory response during incremental dynamic cyclic exercise and hence can be used to investigate motor unit recruitment strategies.
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The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 2021
Barriers associated with direct muscle quantification have prevented a consistent implementation ... more Barriers associated with direct muscle quantification have prevented a consistent implementation of therapeutic measures for sarcopenia. Recently, the relevance of circulating C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) as an accessible screening method alternative for sarcopenia has gained credence. Accordingly, this study aimed to verify the pertinence of plasma CAF as a biomarker for sarcopenia. Three hundred healthy adults aged between 50 and 83 years took part in this study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, while muscle strength was examined using hand dynamometry. Plasma CAF concentrations were determined using a commercially available ELISA kit. CAF concentrations were significantly associated with appendicular lean mass (ALM), but not grip strength (p = .028, p = .575, respectively). Plasma CAF concentrations were significantly elevated in sarcope...
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Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2020
Sarcopenia is a muscle disease rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime. It... more Sarcopenia is a muscle disease rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime. It is an independent risk factor for numerous adverse health outcomes. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a definition for the identification of people with sarcopenia (EWGSOP1). In 2018, this definition was updated based on the newest evidence (EWGSOP2), with the focus now on low muscle strength rather than low muscle quantity as the key characteristic of sarcopenia. In addition, EWGSOP2 provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland for the first time and to assess agreement between the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 definitions. In a cross-sectional analysis, 490 community-dwelling adults (age 78.4 ± 8.0 y, body mass index 27.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2) were assessed. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using...
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2014
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The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV), because of its prognostic capability, has become ... more The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV), because of its prognostic capability, has become very popular in the last 20 years. However, despite its popularity the physiological interpretation of HRV is still debated. The present article focussed on the evaluation of HRV in different physiological conditions associated to exercise. The distinct relationships between HRV, training load, overtraining and fatigue are analysed. Although it is recognised that, during dynamic exercise, the heart rate increase is the result result of both a parasympathetic withdrawal and an augmented sympathetic activity, the exact contribution of these two mechanisms is still uncertain. Moreover the assessment of HRV during exercise is additionally complicated by the fact that the recorded signal is non-stationary. In conclusion it can be underlined the need for the standardization of the methods of HRV assessment during exercise. Future studies should be performed ideally on large populations and ado...
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European Journal of Sport Science, 2014
Olympic boardsailing is a very demanding endurance sport activity. The main reason for this pheno... more Olympic boardsailing is a very demanding endurance sport activity. The main reason for this phenomenon is ascribable to the fact that elite windsurfers use pumping for propulsion during sailing. Pumping is a manoeuvre in which the athlete pulls the sail rhythmically so that it acts as a wing, thus providing the board with additional forward motion especially in light and moderate wind conditions. It has been demonstrated, by using portable metabolimeters, that Olympic boardsailing (Mistral board and the current Olympic board the Neil Pryde RS:X) entails high energy and cardiorespiratory requirements. In elite Olympic board-sailors, by measuring energy costs and cardiorespiratory responses, it was found that (in wind velocity conditions ranging between 4 and 15 m s(-1)) pumping, compared to non-pumping sailing, induced a significant increase in oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) and heart rate (HR) demands (from 19.2 to 48.4 ml min(-1) kg(-1) and from 110 to 165 beats min(-1), respectively). In general, across studies the aerobic demand, recorded on various windsurf boards (expressed as% [Formula: see text]), was greater than 75%, whilst HR values were greater than 85% of HRmax during actual racing conditions. In conclusion, Olympic class windsurfing can be considered as a high-intensity endurance type of sport that is comparable to other aerobic sporting activities such as rowing. Sail pumping is the crucial factor determining this high intensity of aerobic demand. Moreover, the fact that a typical regatta includes many races over several days implies that particular attention must be paid to the training strategy and the nutritional requirement of this discipline.
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Sports Medicine, 2011
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Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2013
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Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 2007
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European Journal of Sport Science, 2001
This study examined the cardiovascular response to low-impact step-aerobic dance in older subject... more This study examined the cardiovascular response to low-impact step-aerobic dance in older subjects and the appropriateness of low-intensity step-aerobic exercise for cardiorespiratory fitness improvement in this age group. For this purpose, 6 women and 4 men, aged 57.3± ...
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Clinical Science, 2014
eHSP72 (extracellular heat-shock protein 72) is increased in the plasma of both types of diabetes... more eHSP72 (extracellular heat-shock protein 72) is increased in the plasma of both types of diabetes and is positively correlated with inflammatory markers. Since aging is associated with a low-grade inflammation and IR (insulin resistance), we aimed to: (i) analyse the concentration of eHSP72 in elderly people and determine correlation with insulin resistance, and (ii) determine the effects of eHSP72 on β-cell function and viability in human and rodent pancreatic β-cells. Fasting blood samples were collected from 50 older people [27 females and 23 males; 63.4±4.4 years of age; BMI (body mass index)=25.5±2.7 kg/m2]. Plasma samples were analysed for eHSP72, insulin, TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-α, leptin, adiponectin and cortisol, and glycaemic and lipid profile. In vitro studies were conducted using rodent islets and clonal rat and human pancreatic β-cell lines (BRIN-BD11 and 1.1B4 respectively). Cells/islets were incubated for 24 h with eHSP72 (0, 0.2, 4, 8 and 40 ng/ml). Cell viabili...
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Papers by Giuseppe De Vito