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Maternal fats and pregnancy complications: Implications for long-term health

Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2020 Jun:157:102098. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102098. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Abstract

Pregnancy imposes increased nutritional requirements for the well being of the mother and fetus. Maternal lipid metabolism is critical for fetal development and long-term health of the offspring as it plays a key role in energy storage, tissue growth and cell signaling. Maternal fat composition is considered as a modifiable risk for abnormal lipid metabolism and glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Data derived from observational studies demonstrate that higher intake of saturated fats during pregnancy is associated with pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and preterm delivery) and poor birth outcomes (intra uterine growth retardation and large for gestational age babies). On the other hand, prenatal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids status is shown to improve birth outome. In this article, we discuss the role of maternal lipids during pregnancy on fetal growth and development and its consequences on the health of the offspring.

Keywords: Developmental origins of health and disease; Fatty acids; Fetal development; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Lipids; Nutrition; Preeclampsia; Preterm.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Diabetes, Gestational / etiology*
  • Diabetes, Gestational / metabolism*
  • Diet, High-Fat / adverse effects*
  • Female
  • Fetal Development
  • Fetal Growth Retardation / etiology*
  • Fetal Growth Retardation / metabolism*
  • Fetus / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Lipid Metabolism*
  • Pre-Eclampsia / etiology*
  • Pre-Eclampsia / metabolism*
  • Pregnancy
  • Premature Birth / etiology*
  • Premature Birth / metabolism*