Military Expenditure, Policy Syndromes and Tourism in the World

Simplice Asongu and Nicholas Odhiambo

No 23/027, Working Papers from European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS)

Abstract: This study assesses the importance of military expenditure in moderating the role of insecurity dynamics on tourist arrivals or international tourism in 163 countries. It is framed to assess how the future of international tourism can be improved when military expenditure is used as a tool to mitigate perceived and real security risks that potentially reduce international tourists’ arrivals. The empirical evidence is based on Negative binomial regressions. The following main findings are established. Military expenditure significantly moderates violent crimes and perception of criminality to induce a favorable net impact on international tourist arrivals. The corresponding net effect is insignificant and negative for insecurity dynamics of “access to weapons†and “political instability†, respectively. An extended analysis is performed to assess thresholds at which political instability can be modulated for the desired net effect. This threshold is the critical mass at which the unconditional negative impact from political instability is neutralized with military expenditure. Policy implications are discussed.

Keywords: Military Expenditure; Peace; Insecurity; Tourism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D74 H56 Z32 Z38 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 14
Date: 2023-01
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-int and nep-tur
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Forthcoming: European Journal of Tourism Research

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http://publications.excas.org/RePEc/exs/exs-wpaper ... ism-in-the-World.pdf Revised version, 2023 (application/pdf)

Related works:
Working Paper: Military Expenditure, Policy Syndromes and Tourism in the World (2023)
Working Paper: Military Expenditure, Policy Syndromes and Tourism in the World (2023)
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