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Health and Labor Market Impacts of Twin Birth: Evidence from a Swedish IVF Policy Mandate

S Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, H Muhlrad and Mårten Palme
Additional contact information
S Bhalotra: University of Warwick, CEPR, IEA, IZA, CAGE
H Muhlrad: Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy (IFAU)

CAGE Online Working Paper Series from Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE)

Abstract: IVF allows women to delay birth and pursue careers, but IVF massively increases the risk of twin birth. There is limited evidence of how having twins influences women’s post-birth careers. We investigate this, leveraging a single embryo transfer (SET) mandate implemented in Sweden in 2003, following which the share of twin births showed a precipitous drop of 70%. Linking birth registers to hospitalization and earnings registers, we identify substantial improvements in maternal and child health and women’s earnings following IVF birth, alongside an increase in subsequent fertility. We provide the first comprehensive evaluation of SET, relevant given the secular rise in IVF births and growing concerns over twin birth risk. We contribute new estimates of the child penalty imposed by twin as opposed to singleton birth, relevant to the secular rise in the global twin birth rate.

Keywords: twins; IVF; single embryo transfer; career costs of children; child penalty; gender wage gap; fertility; maternal health; neonatal health; gender JEL Classification:J13; I11; I12; I38; J24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-lab and nep-ltv
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/c ... tions/wp602.2022.pdf

Related works:
Working Paper: Health and Labor Market Impacts of Twin Birth: Evidence from a Swedish IVF Policy Mandate (2022) Downloads
Working Paper: Health and Labor Market Impacts of Twin Birth: Evidence from a Swedish IVF Policy Mandate (2022) Downloads
Working Paper: Health and Labor Market Impacts of Twin Birth: Evidence from a Swedish IVF Policy Mandate (2021) Downloads
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