Inequality and Female Labour Force Participation in West Africa

Chimere Iheonu (), Ozoemena Nwodo, Uchechi Anaduaka and Ugochinyere Ekpo
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Chimere Iheonu: CSEA Africa, Abuja, Nigeria
Ozoemena Nwodo: Coal City University, Enugu, Nigeria
Uchechi Anaduaka: University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Ugochinyere Ekpo: University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

No 20/076, Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. from African Governance and Development Institute.

Abstract: This study examined the impact of income inequality on female labour force participation in West Africa for the period 2004 to 2016. The study employed the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index and the Palma ratio as measures of income inequality. For robustness, the study also utilises female employment and female unemployment as measures of female labour force participation. The study employed the instrumental variable fixed effects model with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors to account for simultaneity/reverse causality, serial correlation, groupwise heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results reveal that the three measures of income inequality significantly reduce the participation of women in the labour force in West Africa. The study also revealed that domestic credit, remittances and female education are positively associated with female labour force participation in the sub region. Further findings reveal that economic development reduces the participation of women in the labour force in West Africa with the U-shaped feminization theory not valid for the West African region. The study however revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between inequality and female unemployment. Policy recommendations based on these findings are discussed.

Keywords: Inequality, Female Labour, Instrumental Variable; Fixed Effects; West Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C23 D31 J21 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 21
Date: 2020-01
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Forthcoming: The European Journal of Government and Economics

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