International Monetary Relations: Taking Finance Seriously

Maurice Obstfeld and Alan Taylor

Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2017, vol. 31, issue 3, 3-28

Abstract: In this essay, we highlight the interactions of the international monetary system with financial conditions, not just with the output, inflation, and balance of payments goals usually discussed. We review how financial conditions and outright financial crises have posed difficulties for each of the main international monetary systems in the last 150 years or so: the gold standard, the interwar period, the Bretton Woods system, and the current system of floating exchange rates. We argue that even as the world economy has evolved and sentiments have shifted among widely different policy regimes, there remain three fundamental challenges for any international monetary and financial system: How should exchange rates between national currencies be determined? How can countries with balance of payments deficits reduce these without sharply contracting their economies and with minimal risk of possible negative spillovers abroad? How can the international system ensure that countries have access to an adequate supply of international liquidity—financial resources generally acceptable to foreigners in all circumstances? In concluding, we evaluate how the current international monetary system answers these questions.

JEL-codes: E42 E44 E52 F31 F32 F33 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
Note: DOI: 10.1257/jep.31.3.3
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (27)

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