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Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes.

Author information

Affiliations

  • 1. Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, I-20157 Milan, Italy.
      Authors
    • Mantovani A 1
    (1 author)

ORCIDs linked to this article

Trends in Immunology, 01 Nov 2002, 23(11):549-555
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02302-5 PMID: 12401408 

Review

A comment on this article appears in "Melanoma immunotherapy: a battle against radicals?" Trends Immunol. 2003 May;24(5):232-3; author reply 234.

Abstract 

Mononuclear phagocytes are versatile cells that can express different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals. Fully polarized M1 and M2 (or alternatively activated) macrophages are the extremes of a continuum of functional states. Macrophages that infiltrate tumor tissues are driven by tumor-derived and T cell-derived cytokines to acquire a polarized M2 phenotype. These functionally polarized cells, and similarly oriented or immature dendritic cells present in tumors, have a key role in subversion of adaptive immunity and in inflammatory circuits that promote tumor growth and progression.

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Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4906(02)02302-5

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