article

Streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies (5s): A formal model for digital libraries

Authors:

Marcos André Gonçalves,

Edward A. Fox,

Layne T. Watson,

Neill A. KippAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), Volume 22, Issue 2

Pages 270 - 312

https://doi.org/10.1145/984321.984325

Published: 01 April 2004 Publication History

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Abstract

Digital libraries (DLs) are complex information systems and therefore demand formal foundations lest development efforts diverge and interoperability suffers. In this article, we propose the fundamental abstractions of Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, and Societies (5S), which allow us to define digital libraries rigorously and usefully. Streams are sequences of arbitrary items used to describe both static and dynamic (e.g., video) content. Structures can be viewed as labeled directed graphs, which impose organization. Spaces are sets with operations on those sets that obey certain constraints. Scenarios consist of sequences of events or actions that modify states of a computation in order to accomplish a functional requirement. Societies are sets of entities and activities and the relationships among them. Together these abstractions provide a formal foundation to define, relate, and unify concepts---among others, of digital objects, metadata, collections, and services---required to formalize and elucidate "digital libraries". The applicability, versatility, and unifying power of the 5S model are demonstrated through its use in three distinct applications: building and interpretation of a DL taxonomy, informal and formal analysis of case studies of digital libraries (NDLTD and OAI), and utilization as a formal basis for a DL description language.

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Reznichenko V(2022)60 Years of Databases (part four)PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING10.15407/pp2022.02.057(57-95)Online publication date: Jun-2022
https://doi.org/10.15407/pp2022.02.057
Filimonov I(2022)AUTOMATION OF A NETWORK OF PROBLEMS USING PROGRAMMING TOOLSVestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii10.14489/vkit.2022.11.pp.052-065(52-65)Online publication date: Nov-2022
https://doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2022.11.pp.052-065
Tomas JAwi PChua GNolasco P(2021)M-Unity Files: Mapua University Project Document Archive2021 2nd Asia Symposium on Signal Processing (ASSP)10.1109/ASSP54407.2021.00037(197-200)Online publication date: Nov-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/ASSP54407.2021.00037
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Index Terms

Streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies (5s): A formal model for digital libraries
1. Applied computing
  1. Computers in other domains
    1. Digital libraries and archives
2. Information systems
  1. Information systems applications
    1. Digital libraries and archives

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Reviews

Reviewer: Mercedes Martinez Gonzalez

Digital libraries are highly interdisciplinary information systems, since issues pertaining to hypertext, information retrieval, database management, and social issues are relevant to their development. This diversity makes these systems interesting, but also complex, making it difficult for a single person to combine all the necessary skills for developing a digital library. As the authors say, "designers of digital libraries are most often library technical staff, with little to no formal training in software engineering, or computer scientists with little background in the research findings about information retrieval or hypertext." As a consequence, it is fairly common, although hardly desirable, to find digital libraries built from scratch. This can result in expensive systems, with poor interoperability levels. The authors claim that the lack of formal models for digital libraries is the main motivation of these development and interoperability problems, and, consequently, they propose one such formal model. The paper starts with a nice introduction to what a digital library is, followed by an informal introduction to the authors' model, three examples of applications of the model, and a formal presentation of it. This structure is quite nice, since it permits readers to address the paper at several levels of depth. The introduction is appropriate for the general audience. When reading the informal definition of the model and the examples of its application, some previous experience with information systems or with the subjects of the applications (Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLT) and Open Archives) would be helpful, though references are included. The formal definitions of the model are, however, clearly for readers really interested in the scientific value of the model, and in working on such types of issues. The model is very ambitious, as is formalizing such complex systems, and one should expect more models (different ones, or extensions of this one) to appear in the future. The model's adoption to describe other digital libraries will be its real test. No matter what the future brings, this paper's contribution to the digital library domain is significant. Online Computing Reviews Service

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Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

ACM Transactions on Information Systems Volume 22, Issue 2

April 2004

178 pages

ISSN:1046-8188

EISSN:1558-2868

DOI:10.1145/984321

Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 April 2004

Published in TOIS Volume 22, Issue 2

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Cited By

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Reznichenko V(2022)60 Years of Databases (part four)PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING10.15407/pp2022.02.057(57-95)Online publication date: Jun-2022
https://doi.org/10.15407/pp2022.02.057
Filimonov I(2022)AUTOMATION OF A NETWORK OF PROBLEMS USING PROGRAMMING TOOLSVestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii10.14489/vkit.2022.11.pp.052-065(52-65)Online publication date: Nov-2022
https://doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2022.11.pp.052-065
Tomas JAwi PChua GNolasco P(2021)M-Unity Files: Mapua University Project Document Archive2021 2nd Asia Symposium on Signal Processing (ASSP)10.1109/ASSP54407.2021.00037(197-200)Online publication date: Nov-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/ASSP54407.2021.00037
Xie IJoo SMatusiak K(2020)Digital library evaluation measures in academic settings: Perspectives from scholars and practitionersJournal of Librarianship and Information Science10.1177/0961000620935505(096100062093550)Online publication date: 24-Jun-2020
https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000620935505
Singeh FAbdullah AKaur K(2020)Critical success factors for digital library implementation in Africa: Solution focused rather than problem focusedInformation Development10.1177/0266666920918002(026666692091800)Online publication date: 30-Apr-2020
https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666920918002
Singeh FAbrizah AKiran K(2020)Bringing the digital library success factors into the realm of the technology-organization-environment frameworkThe Electronic Library10.1108/EL-08-2019-0187ahead-of-print:ahead-of-printOnline publication date: 30-Jun-2020
https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-08-2019-0187
Zhang HXiao J(2020)Quality assessment framework for open government dataThe Electronic Library10.1108/EL-06-2019-0145ahead-of-print:ahead-of-printOnline publication date: 18-Apr-2020
https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-06-2019-0145
Li YLiu C(2019)Information Resource, Interface, and Tasks as User Interaction Components for Digital Library EvaluationInformation Processing & Management10.1016/j.ipm.2018.10.01256:3(704-720)Online publication date: May-2019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2018.10.012
Wang XGou XXu Z(2019)Assessment of traffic congestion with ORESTE method under double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic environmentApplied Soft Computing10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105864(105864)Online publication date: Oct-2019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105864
Worrall A(2019)“Connections above and beyond”Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology10.1002/asi.2415370:7(742-753)Online publication date: 5-Jun-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1002/asi.24153
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Recommendations

Streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, and societies (5s): a formal digital library framework and its applications

Specification and generation of digital libraries into DSpace using the 5S framework

Overview of digital libraries

Reviews

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