Search for Inelastic Boosted Dark Matter with the ICARUS Detector at the Gran Sasso Underground National Laboratory

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Preprint
Report number	arXiv:2412.09516 ; FERMILAB-PUB-24-0873 ; University of Texas at Arlington Ph.D. Thesis
Title	Search for Inelastic Boosted Dark Matter with the ICARUS Detector at the Gran Sasso Underground National Laboratory
Author(s)	Carranza, H. (Texas U., Arlington) ; Yu, J. (Texas U., Arlington) ; Brown, B. (Texas U., Arlington) ; Blanchard, S. (Texas U., Arlington) ; Chakraborty, S. (Texas U., Arlington) ; Raut, R. (Texas U., Arlington) ; Kim, D. (South Dakota U.) ; Antonello, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Gran Sasso) ; Baibussinov, B. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Bellini, V. (Catania U. ; INFN, Catania) ; Benetti, P. (Pavia U. ; INFN, Pavia) ; Boffelli, F. (Pavia U. ; INFN, Pavia) ; Bonesini, M. (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Bubak, A. (Silesia U.) ; Calligarich, E. (Pavia U. ; INFN, Pavia) ; Centro, S. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Cesana, A. (Milan U. ; INFN, Milan) ; Cieslik, K. (Cracow, INP) ; Cocco, A.G. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Gran Sasso) ; Dabrowska, A. (Cracow, INP) ; Dermenev, A. (Moscow, INR) ; Falcone, A. (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Farnese, C. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Fava, A. (Fermilab) ; Ferrari, A. (KIT, Karlsruhe, SCC ; KIT, Karlsruhe) ; Gibin, D. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Gninenko, S. (Moscow, INR) ; Guglielmi, A. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Holeczek, J. (Silesia U.) ; Janik, M. (Silesia U.) ; Kirsanov, M. (Moscow, INR) ; Kisiel, J. (Silesia U.) ; Kochanek, I. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Gran Sasso) ; Lagoda, J. (NCBJ, Swierk) ; Menegolli, A. (Pavia U. ; INFN, Pavia) ; Meng, G. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Montanari, C. (Fermilab ; Hamburg U., Inst. Theor. Phys. II) ; Otwinowski, S. (UCLA) ; Petta, C. (Catania U. ; INFN, Catania) ; Pietropaolo, F. (CERN ; Hamburg U., Inst. Theor. Phys. II) ; Rappoldi, A. (Pavia U. ; INFN, Pavia) ; Raselli, G.L. (Pavia U. ; INFN, Pavia) ; Rossella, M. (Pavia U. ; INFN, Pavia) ; Rubbia, C. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Gran Sasso ; CERN ; GSSI, Aquila) ; Sala, P. (Fermilab) ; Scaramelli, A. (Pavia U. ; INFN, Pavia) ; Sergiampietri, F. (CERN ; OATo, Turin) ; Stefan, D. (Milan U. ; INFN, Milan) ; Szarska, M. (Cracow, INP) ; Terrani, M. (Milan U. ; INFN, Milan) ; Torti, M. (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Tortorici, F. (Catania U. ; INFN, Catania) ; Varanini, F. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Ventura, S. (INFN, Padua ; Padua U.) ; Vignoli, C. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Gran Sasso) ; Wang, H. (UCLA) ; Yang, X. (UCLA) ; Zalewska, A. (Cracow, INP) ; Zani, A. (Milan U. ; INFN, Milan) ; Zaremba, K. (Warsaw U. of Tech. (main))
Document contact	Contact: arXiv
Imprint	2024-12-12
Number of pages	16
Note	16 pages, 8 figures
Subject category	hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN SPS ; ICARUS CNGS2
Abstract	We present the result of a search for inelastic boosted dark matter using the data corresponding to an exposure of 0.13 kton$\cdot$year, collected by the ICARUS T-600 detector during its 2012--2013 operational period at the INFN Gran Sasso Underground National Laboratory. The benchmark boosted dark matter model features a multi-particle dark sector with a U(1)$'$ gauge boson, the dark photon. The kinetic mixing of the dark photon with the Standard Model photon allows for a portal between the dark sector and the visible sector. The inelastic boosted dark matter interaction occurs when a dark matter particle inelastically scatters with an electron in the ICARUS detector, producing an outgoing, heavier dark sector state which subsequently decays back down to the dark matter particle, emitting a dark photon. The dark photon subsequently couples to a Standard Model photon through kinetic mixing. The Standard Model photon then converts to an electron-positron pair in the detector. This interaction process provides a distinct experimental signature which consists of a recoil electron from the primary interaction and an associated electron-positron pair from the secondary vertex. After analyzing 4,134 triggered events, the search results in zero observed events. Exclusion limits are set in the dark photon mass and coupling ($m_X, \epsilon$) parameter space for several selected optimal boosted dark matter mass sets.
Other source	Inspire
Copyright/License	preprint: (License: CC0 1.0)

$Pictorial representation of the production of $\chi_1$ at the galactic center, leading to an iBDM interaction in the ICARUS detector. The primary interaction can theoretically involve an electron (this work) or proton of the LAr atom.$ $An event display of a simulated iBDM event. Red dots indicate the hits registered in the detector with the primary and secondary interactions indicated in the corresponding Feynman diagrams above the hit. The dashed arrow indicates that $\chi_{2}$ state moves a certain distance in the detector before emitting the dark photon $X$ and decaying back to $\chi_{1}$. In the detector, the showering of the $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair could continue to propagate through the detector.$ $The plots on the left are the $(m_1, \delta m$) mass phase space with red points signifying $N_{\rm expected}<~$2.3 and colored points signifying $N_{\rm expected}$ ~$2.3, where the color grading represents $N_{\rm expected}$. The $N_{\rm expected}$ value is saturated to 300 to show ($m_1,\delta m$) points where $N_{\rm expected}$ is maximum. Here, the points in red are categorized as inaccessible under the 90\%~C.L. assumption with the selection criteria imposed. The color distribution indicates the number of events expected for $t_{\rm exposure}=0.3~{\rm year}$ that pass the selection criteria presented in Sec~\ref{selectioncriteria}. Recoil electron + electron-positron pair total energy distribution (right) for points $N_{\rm expected}>~$2.3 (all non-red points) normalized to the total number of expected events for all non-red points $N_{\rm tot}=\sum_{\rm points} N_{\rm expected}$." width="200px"/> Show more plots

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