CERN Accelerating science

A photograph of the GADGET II TPC setup in a test space off the beam line.

Schematic of the resistive MM structure.

a) Schematic front view of MM board depicting the 1016 measurement pads in the central region and the 8 veto pads (marked as V1 to V8). b) Rear end cap view of the installed MM board with 8 multi - pin connectors of 144 channels which is further attached to T-Zap boards (not shown).

Schematic overview of the GET system with a single $\mu$TCA (Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture) chassis, 4 CoBos (Concentration Boards) and a MuTanT (Multiplicity Trigger and Time).

Label a) and b): Projected 2D MM pad plane images of $^{220}$Rn alpha tracks, while c) and d) depict $^{216}$Po alpha tracks within the GADGET II TPC. The diffusely illuminated pads refer to the outlier points.

Label a) and b): Projected 2D MM pad plane images of $^{220}$Rn alpha tracks, while c) and d) depict $^{216}$Po alpha tracks within the GADGET II TPC after outlier removal..

a) 3D hit pattern representation of a $^{220}$Rn alpha track inside the GADGET II TPC. b) Magnified in image of $^{220}$Rn alpha track inside the GADGET II TPC. Here, the z-coordinate is chosen arbitrarily as the absolute z position of the decay event inside the TPC is unknown. The numbers (11, -11, 45 and -6) on the axis label are the lengths of the X, Y and Z axes in cm.

Aggregate $^{220}$Rn energy spectrum (blue), with a fit (red) demonstrating 5.4\% energy resolution at 6.288 MeV. The higher energy peak is from the $^{216}$Po 6.778 MeV $\alpha$-particle.

Aggregate range versus energy histogram of $^{220}$Rn and $^{216}$Po $\alpha$-particles for events with an angle range between 0$^{\circ}$ to 70$^{\circ}$ with respect to the pad plane.

Label a)-b): Two examples of tracks of cosmic muons detected in the GADGET II TPC.

Average width of the cosmic muon tracks as a function of distance from the MM.

Linear fit (red) of the drift time versus distance measurements for cosmic muons. The drift velocity of 5.44 $\pm$ 0.03 cm/$\mu$sec is extracted from the slope of this fit.

Data throughput as a function of event rate for different time binnings and CoBo configurations.

Panel (a) and (b)-ATTPCROOT simulation of the GADGET II TPC for $^{20}$Mg($\beta$p$\alpha$)$^{15}$O, 3D render and 2D projection. Panel (c) and (d)-ATTPCROOT simulation of the GADGET II TPC for $^{220}$Rn $\alpha$-decay, 3D render and 2D projection.

Simulated efficiency of the GADGET II TPC filled with P10 gas at 800 Torr to detect protons and $\alpha$-particles for the case of $^{60}$Ga decay with FRIB beam.

Label a)-d): Images generated for the VGG16 ConvNet using simulated data from ATTPCROOT. Each image contains a 2D projection of a track on the pad plane with relative charge density, the integrated charge as a function of time, and the total integrated charge in the form of an energy bar. The images include: a) 500 keV alpha, b) 1200 keV proton c) 1700 keV proton-$\alpha$ event, and d) 2000 keV proton-$\alpha$-event from the decay of $^{20}$Mg.