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Abstract
| Generating random numbers is important for many real-world applications, including cryptography, statistical sampling and Monte Carlo simulations. Quantum systems subject to a measurement produce random results via Born’s rule, and thus it
is natural to study the possibility of using such systems in order to generate highquality random numbers. However, current quantum devices are subject to errors
and noise, which can make the output bits deviate from the uniform distribution.
In this work, we propose and analyse two protocols that can be used to increase the
uniformity of the bits obtained when running a circuit with a Hadamard gate and
a measurement in a noisy quantum computer. These protocols may be used prior
to other standard processes, such as randomness amplifcation. We conduct experiments on both a quantum simulator and a real quantum computer, obtaining results
that suggest that these protocols are useful to improve the probability of the generated bits passing statistical tests for uniformity. |