002747756 001__ 2747756 002747756 003__ SzGeCERN 002747756 005__ 20201216235917.0 002747756 0247_ $$2DOI$$a10.3390/s20226648 002747756 0248_ $$aoai:inspirehep.net:1831623$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:CERN$$qINSPIRE:HEP$$qForCDS 002747756 035__ $$9HAL$$ahal-03032394 002747756 035__ $$9http://old.inspirehep.net/oai2d$$aoai:inspirehep.net:1831623$$d2020-12-15T16:13:35Z$$h2020-12-16T05:01:42Z$$mmarcxml 002747756 035__ $$9Inspire$$a1831623 002747756 041__ $$aeng 002747756 100__ $$aBäni, Lukas$$uZurich, ETH 002747756 245__ $$9MDPI$$aA Study of the Radiation Tolerance of CVD Diamond to 70 MeV Protons, Fast Neutrons and 200 MeV Pions 002747756 246__ $$9submitter$$aA Study of the Radiation Tolerance of CVD Diamond to 70 MeV Protons, Fast Neutrons and 200MeV Pions 002747756 260__ $$c2020 002747756 300__ $$a19 p 002747756 520__ $$9submitter$$aWe measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 μm pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and after irradiation. We irradiated one group of samples with 70 MeV protons, a second group of samples with fast reactor neutrons (defined as energy greater than 0.1 MeV), and a third group of samples with 200 MeV pions, in steps, to (8.8±0.9) × 1015 protons/cm2, (1.43±0.14) × 1016 neutrons/cm2, and (6.5±1.4) × 1014 pions/cm2, respectively. By observing the charge induced due to the separation of electron–hole pairs created by the passage of the hadron beam through each sample, on an event-by-event basis, as a function of irradiation fluence, we conclude all datasets can be described by a first-order damage equation and independently calculate the damage constant for 70 MeV protons, fast reactor neutrons, and 200 MeV pions. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 70 MeV protons to be 1.62±0.07(stat)±0.16(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(pμm), the damage constant for diamond irradiated with fast reactor neutrons to be 2.65±0.13(stat)±0.18(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(nμm), and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 200 MeV pions to be 2.0±0.2(stat)±0.5(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(πμm). The damage constants from this measurement were analyzed together with our previously published 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation damage constant data to derive the first comprehensive set of relative damage constants for Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. We find 70 MeV protons are 2.60 ± 0.29 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, fast reactor neutrons are 4.3 ± 0.4 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, and 200 MeV pions are 3.2 ± 0.8 more damaging than 24 GeV protons. We also observe the measured data can be described by a universal damage curve for all proton, neutron, and pion irradiations we performed of Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. Finally, we confirm the spatial uniformity of the collected charge increases with fluence for polycrystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond, and this effect can also be described by a universal curve 002747756 520__ $$9MDPI$$aWe measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 μm pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and after irradiation. We irradiated one group of samples with 70 MeV protons, a second group of samples with fast reactor neutrons (defined as energy greater than 0.1 MeV), and a third group of samples with 200 MeV pions, in steps, to (8.8±0.9) × 1015 protons/cm2, (1.43±0.14) × 1016 neutrons/cm2, and (6.5±1.4) × 1014 pions/cm2, respectively. By observing the charge induced due to the separation of electron–hole pairs created by the passage of the hadron beam through each sample, on an event-by-event basis, as a function of irradiation fluence, we conclude all datasets can be described by a first-order damage equation and independently calculate the damage constant for 70 MeV protons, fast reactor neutrons, and 200 MeV pions. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 70 MeV protons to be 1.62±0.07(stat)±0.16(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(p μm), the damage constant for diamond irradiated with fast reactor neutrons to be 2.65±0.13(stat)±0.18(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(n μm), and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 200 MeV pions to be 2.0±0.2(stat)±0.5(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(π μm). The damage constants from this measurement were analyzed together with our previously published 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation damage constant data to derive the first comprehensive set of relative damage constants for Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. We find 70 MeV protons are 2.60 ± 0.29 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, fast reactor neutrons are 4.3 ± 0.4 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, and 200 MeV pions are 3.2 ± 0.8 more damaging than 24 GeV protons. We also observe the measured data can be described by a universal damage curve for all proton, neutron, and pion irradiations we performed of Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. Finally, we confirm the spatial uniformity of the collected charge increases with fluence for polycrystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond, and this effect can also be described by a universal curve. 002747756 540__ $$aCC-BY-3.0$$bMDPI$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 002747756 542__ $$f© 2020 by the authors 002747756 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aDetectors and Experimental Techniques 002747756 6531_ $$9author$$aChemical Vapor Deposition 002747756 6531_ $$9author$$asingle-crystalline diamond 002747756 6531_ $$9author$$apolycrystalline diamond 002747756 6531_ $$9author$$acharge collection distance 002747756 6531_ $$9author$$amean drift path 002747756 6531_ $$9author$$aschubweg 002747756 6531_ $$9author$$aradiation tolerance 002747756 6531_ $$9author$$aradiation damage constant 002747756 690C_ $$aCERN 002747756 693__ $$aNot applicable$$eRD42 002747756 700__ $$aAlexopoulos, Andreas$$uCERN 002747756 700__ $$aArtuso, Marina$$uSyracuse U. 002747756 700__ $$aBachmair, Felix$$uZurich, ETH 002747756 700__ $$aBartosik, Marcin Ryszard$$uCERN 002747756 700__ $$aBeck, Helge Christoph$$uGottingen U. 002747756 700__ $$aBellini, Vincenzo$$uCatania U. 002747756 700__ $$aBelyaev, Vladimir$$uMoscow Phys. Eng. Inst. 002747756 700__ $$aBentele, Benjamin$$uColorado U. 002747756 700__ $$aBes, Alexandre$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aBrom, Jean-Marie$$uStrasbourg, IPHC 002747756 700__ $$aChiodini, Gabriele$$uINFN, Lecce 002747756 700__ $$aChren, Dominik$$uPrague, Tech. U. 002747756 700__ $$aCindro, Vladimir$$uStefan Inst., Ljubljana 002747756 700__ $$aClaus, Gilles$$uStrasbourg, IPHC 002747756 700__ $$aCollot, Johann$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aCumalat, John$$uColorado U. 002747756 700__ $$aCurtoni, Sébastien$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aDabrowski, Anne Evelyn$$uCERN 002747756 700__ $$aD'Alessandro, Raffaello$$uFlorence U. 002747756 700__ $$aDauvergne, Denis$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aDe Boer, Wim$$uKarlsruhe U. 002747756 700__ $$aDorfer, Christian$$uZurich, ETH 002747756 700__ $$aDünser, Marc$$uCERN 002747756 700__ $$aEigen, Gerald$$uBergen U. 002747756 700__ $$aEremin, Vladimir$$uIoffe Phys. Tech. Inst. 002747756 700__ $$aForneris, Jacopo$$uTurin U. 002747756 700__ $$aGallin-Martel, Laurent$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aGallin-Martel, Marie-Laure$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aGan, Kock Kiam$$uOhio State U. 002747756 700__ $$aGastal, Martin$$uCERN 002747756 700__ $$aGhimouz, Abderrahman$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aGoffe, Mathieu$$uStrasbourg, IPHC 002747756 700__ $$aGoldstein, Joel$$uBristol U. 002747756 700__ $$aGolubev, Alexander$$uMoscow, ITEP 002747756 700__ $$aGorišek, Andrej$$uStefan Inst., Ljubljana 002747756 700__ $$aGrigoriev, Eugene$$uMoscow, ITEP 002747756 700__ $$aGrosse-Knetter, Jörn$$uGottingen U. 002747756 700__ $$aGrummer, Aidan$$uNew Mexico U. 002747756 700__ $$aHiti, Bojan$$uStefan Inst., Ljubljana 002747756 700__ $$aHits, Dmitry$$uZurich, ETH 002747756 700__ $$aHoeferkamp, Martin$$uNew Mexico U. 002747756 700__ $$aHosselet, Jérôme$$uStrasbourg, IPHC 002747756 700__ $$aHügging, Fabian$$uBonn U. 002747756 700__ $$aHutson, Chris$$uBristol U. 002747756 700__ $$aJanssen, Jens$$uBonn U. 002747756 700__ $$aKagan, Harris$$uOhio State U. 002747756 700__ $$aKanxheri, Keida$$uINFN, Perugia 002747756 700__ $$aKass, Richard$$uOhio State U. 002747756 700__ $$aKis, Mladen$$uDarmstadt, GSI 002747756 700__ $$aKramberger, Gregor$$uStefan Inst., Ljubljana 002747756 700__ $$aKuleshov, Sergey$$uMoscow, ITEP 002747756 700__ $$aLacoste, Ana$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aLagomarsino, Stefano$$uFlorence U. 002747756 700__ $$aLo Giudice, Alessandro$$uTurin U. 002747756 700__ $$aPaz, Ivan López$$uManchester U. 002747756 700__ $$aLukosi, Eric$$uU. Tennessee, Knoxville 002747756 700__ $$aMaazouzi, Chaker$$uStrasbourg, IPHC 002747756 700__ $$aMandíc, Igor$$uStefan Inst., Ljubljana 002747756 700__ $$aMarcatili, Sara$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aMarino, Alysia$$uColorado U. 002747756 700__ $$aMathieu, Cédric$$uStrasbourg, IPHC 002747756 700__ $$aMenichelli, Mauro$$uINFN, Perugia 002747756 700__ $$aMikuž, Marko$$uStefan Inst., Ljubljana 002747756 700__ $$aMorozzi, Arianna$$uINFN, Perugia 002747756 700__ $$aMoscatelli, Francesco$$uINFN, Perugia 002747756 700__ $$aMoss, Joshua$$uCal State, Sacramento 002747756 700__ $$aMountain, Raymond$$uSyracuse U. 002747756 700__ $$aOh, Alexander$$uManchester U. 002747756 700__ $$aOlivero, Paolo$$uTurin U. 002747756 700__ $$aPasseri, Daniele$$uINFN, Perugia 002747756 700__ $$aPernegger, Heinz$$uCERN 002747756 700__ $$aPerrino, Roberto$$uINFN, Lecce 002747756 700__ $$aPicollo, Federico$$uTurin U. 002747756 700__ $$aPomorski, Michal$$uLIST, Saclay 002747756 700__ $$aPotenza, Renato$$uCatania U. 002747756 700__ $$aQuadt, Arnulf$$uGottingen U. 002747756 700__ $$aRarbi, Fatah$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aRe, Alessandro$$uTurin U. 002747756 700__ $$aReichmann, Michael$$uZurich, ETH 002747756 700__ $$aRoe, Shaun$$uCERN 002747756 700__ $$aRossetto, Olivier$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aSanz Becerra, Diego Alejandro$$uZurich, ETH 002747756 700__ $$aSchmidt, Christian J$$uDarmstadt, GSI 002747756 700__ $$aSchnetzer, Stephen$$uRutgers U., Piscataway 002747756 700__ $$aSciortino, Silvio$$uFlorence U. 002747756 700__ $$aScorzoni, Andrea$$uINFN, Perugia 002747756 700__ $$aSeidel, Sally$$uNew Mexico U. 002747756 700__ $$aServoli, Leonello$$uINFN, Perugia 002747756 700__ $$aSmith, Dale Shane$$uOhio State U. 002747756 700__ $$aSopko, Bruno$$uPrague, Tech. U. 002747756 700__ $$aSopko, Vit$$uPrague, Tech. U. 002747756 700__ $$aSpagnolo, Stefania$$uINFN, Lecce 002747756 700__ $$aSpanier, Stefan$$uU. Tennessee, Knoxville 002747756 700__ $$aStenson, Kevin$$uColorado U. 002747756 700__ $$aStone, Robert$$uRutgers U., Piscataway 002747756 700__ $$aStugu, Bjarne$$uBergen U. 002747756 700__ $$aSutera, Concetta$$uCatania U. 002747756 700__ $$aTraeger, Michael$$uDarmstadt, GSI 002747756 700__ $$aTrischuk, William$$uToronto U. 002747756 700__ $$aTruccato, Marco$$uTurin U. 002747756 700__ $$aTuvè, Cristina$$uCatania U. 002747756 700__ $$aVelthuis, Jaap$$uBristol U. 002747756 700__ $$aWagner, Stephen$$uColorado U. 002747756 700__ $$aWallny, Rainer$$uZurich, ETH 002747756 700__ $$aWang, Jianchun$$uSyracuse U. 002747756 700__ $$aWermes, Norbert$$uBonn U. 002747756 700__ $$aWickramasinghe, Jayashani$$uNew Mexico U. 002747756 700__ $$aYamouni, Mahfoud$$uLPSC, Grenoble 002747756 700__ $$aZalieckas, Justas$$uBergen U. 002747756 700__ $$aZavrtanik, Marko$$uStefan Inst., Ljubljana 002747756 700__ $$aHara, Kazuhiko$$uTsukuba U. 002747756 700__ $$aIkegami, Yoichi$$uKEK, Tsukuba 002747756 700__ $$aJinnouchi, Osamu$$uTokyo Inst. Tech. 002747756 700__ $$aKohriki, Takashi$$uKEK, Tsukuba 002747756 700__ $$aMitsui, Shingo$$uTsukuba U. 002747756 700__ $$aNagai, Ryo$$uTokyo Inst. Tech. 002747756 700__ $$aTerada, Susumu$$uKEK, Tsukuba 002747756 700__ $$aUnno, Yoshinobu$$uKEK, Tsukuba 002747756 710__ $$gRD42 Collaboration 002747756 773__ $$c6648$$n22$$pSensors$$v20$$y2020 002747756 8564_ $$82269743$$s608190$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2747756/files/sensors-20-06648.pdf$$yFulltext 002747756 960__ $$a13 002747756 980__ $$aARTICLE