CERN Accelerating science

Article
Report number	arXiv:1903.04497
Title	Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider
Author(s)	Alimena, Juliette (Ohio State U.) ; Beacham, James (Duke U.) ; Borsato, Martino (Heidelberg U.) ; Cheng, Yangyang (Cornell U., LNS) ; Cid Vidal, Xabier (Santiago de Compostela U.) ; Cottin, Giovanna (Adolfo Ibanez U. ; Chile U., Catolica ; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.) ; De Roeck, Albert (CERN) ; Desai, Nishita (Tata Inst.) ; Curtin, David (Toronto U.) ; Evans, Jared A. (Cincinnati U.) ; Knapen, Simon (Inst. Advanced Study, Budapest) ; Kraml, Sabine (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Lessa, Andre (ABC Federal U.) ; Liu, Zhen (Maryland U.) ; Mehlhase, Sascha (LMU Munich (main)) ; Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J. (Massachusetts U., Amherst ; Shanghai Jiao Tong U.) ; Russell, Heather (McGill U.) ; Shelton, Jessie (Illinois U., Urbana (main)) ; Shuve, Brian (Harvey Mudd Coll. ; UC, Riverside) ; Verducci, Monica (INFN, Rome3 ; Rome III U.) ; Zurita, Jose (KIT, Karlsruhe) ; Adams, Todd (Florida State U.) ; Adersberger, Michael (LMU Munich (main)) ; Alpigiani, Cristiano (Washington U., Seattle) ; Apresyan, Artur (Fermilab) ; Bainbridge, Robert John (Imperial Coll., London) ; Batozskaya, Varvara (NCBJ, Warsaw) ; Beauchesne, Hugues (Ben Gurion U. of Negev) ; Benato, Lisa (Hamburg U.) ; Berlendis, S. (Arizona U.) ; Bhal, Eshwen (Bristol U.) ; Blekman, Freya (Vrije U., Brussels) ; Borovilou, Christina (Athens U.) ; Boyd, Jamie (CERN) ; Brau, Benjamin P. (Massachusetts U., Amherst) ; Bryngemark, Lene (Lund U.) ; Buchmueller, Oliver (Imperial Coll., London) ; Buschmann, Malte (Michigan U.) ; Buttinger, William (CERN) ; Campanelli, Mario (University Coll. London) ; Cesarotti, Cari (Harvard U.) ; Chen, Chunhui (Iowa State U.) ; Cheng, Hsin-Chia (UC, Davis) ; Cheong, Sanha (SLAC ; Stanford U.) ; Citron, Matthew (UC, Santa Barbara) ; Coccaro, Andrea (INFN, Genoa) ; Coco, V. (CERN) ; Conte, Eric (Strasbourg, IPHC) ; Cormier, Félix (British Columbia U.) ; Corpe, Louie D. (University Coll. London) ; Craig, Nathaniel (UC, Santa Barbara) ; Cui, Yanou (UC, Riverside) ; Dall'Occo, Elena (Nikhef, Amsterdam) ; Dallapiccola, C. (Massachusetts U., Amherst) ; Darwish, M.R. (Antwerp U.) ; Davoli, Alessandro (SISSA, Trieste ; INFN, Trieste) ; de Cosa, Annapaola (Zurich U.) ; De Simone, Andrea (SISSA, Trieste ; INFN, Trieste) ; Delle Rose, Luigi (Florence U. ; Southampton U.) ; Deppisch, Frank F. (University Coll. London) ; Dey, Biplab (Beijing Normal U.) ; Diamond, Miriam D. (Toronto U.) ; Dienes, Keith R. (Arizona U. ; Maryland U.) ; Dildick, Sven (Texas A-M) ; Döbrich, Babette (CERN) ; Drewes, Marco (Louvain U.) ; Eich, Melanie (Hamburg U.) ; ElSawy, M. (Santiago de Compostela U. ; Beni-Suef U.) ; Escalante Del Valle, Alberto (Unlisted, AT) ; Facini, Gabriel (University Coll. London) ; Farina, Marco (SUNY, Stony Brook) ; Feng, Jonathan L. (UC, Irvine) ; Fischer, Oliver (KIT, Karlsruhe) ; Flaecher, H.U. (Bristol U.) ; Foldenauer, Patrick (Heidelberg U.) ; Freytsis, Marat (Tel Aviv U. ; Inst. Advanced Study, Budapest ; Oregon U.) ; Fuks, Benjamin (Paris, LPTHE ; IUF, Paris) ; Galon, Iftah (Rutgers U., Piscataway) ; Gershtein, Yuri (Rutgers U., Piscataway) ; Giagu, Stefano (INFN, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Giammanco, Andrea (Louvain U.) ; Gligorov, Vladimir V. (Paris U., VI-VII) ; Golling, Tobias (Geneva U.) ; Grancagnolo, Sergio (Humboldt U., Berlin) ; Gustavino, Giuliano (Oklahoma U.) ; Haas, Andrew (New York U.) ; Hahn, Kristian (Northwestern U.) ; Hajer, Jan (Louvain U.) ; Hammad, Ahmed (Basel U.) ; Heinrich, Lukas (CERN) ; Heisig, Jan (Louvain U.) ; Helo, J.C. (La Serena U.) ; Hesketh, Gavin (University Coll. London) ; Hill, Christopher S. (Ohio State U.) ; Hirsch, Martin (Valencia U.) ; Hohlmann, M. (Florida Inst. Tech.) ; Hulsbergen, W. (Nikhef, Amsterdam) ; Huth, John (Harvard U.) ; Ilten, Philip (Birmingham U.) ; Jacques, Thomas (SISSA, Trieste) ; Jayatilaka, Bodhitha (Fermilab) ; Jeng, Geng-Yuan (Maryland U.) ; Johns, K.A. (Arizona U.) ; Kaji, Toshiaki (Waseda U.) ; Kasieczka, Gregor (Hamburg U.) ; Kats, Yevgeny (Ben Gurion U. of Negev) ; Kazana, Malgorzata (NCBJ, Warsaw) ; Keller, Henning (RWTH Aachen U.) ; Khlopov, Maxim Yu. (Moscow Phys. Eng. Inst. ; APC, Paris) ; Kling, Felix (UC, Irvine) ; Kolberg, Ted R. (Florida State U., SCRI) ; Kostiuk, Igor (Nikhef, Amsterdam ; Kiev, INR) ; Kuwertz, Emma Sian (CERN) ; Kvam, Audrey (Washington U., Seattle) ; Landsberg, Greg (Brown U.) ; Lanfranchi, Gaia (Frascati ; CERN) ; Lara, Iñaki (Madrid, IFT) ; Ledovskoy, Alexander (Virginia U.) ; Linthorne, Dylan (Carleton U.) ; Liu, Jia (Chicago U.) ; Longarini, Iacopo (INFN, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Lowette, Steven (Vrije U., Brussels) ; Lubatti, Henry (Washington U., Seattle) ; Lutz, Margaret (Massachusetts U., Amherst) ; Luo, Jingyu (Princeton U.) ; Mamužić, Judita (Valencia U.) ; Marinangeli, Matthieu (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Mariotti, Alberto (Vrije U., Brussels) ; Marlow, Daniel (Princeton U.) ; McCullough, Matthew (CERN) ; McDermott, Kevin (Cornell U., LNS) ; Mermod, P. (Geneva U.) ; Milstead, David (Stockholm U.) ; Mitsou, Vasiliki A. (Valencia U.) ; Montejo Berlingen, Javier (CERN) ; Moortgat, Filip (CERN ; Gent U.) ; Morandini, Alessandro (SISSA, Trieste ; INFN, Trieste) ; Morris, Alice Polyxeni (University Coll. London) ; Morse, David Michael (Northeastern U.) ; Mrenna, Stephen (Fermilab) ; Nachman, Benjamin (LBL, Berkeley) ; Nemevšek, Miha (Stefan Inst., Ljubljana) ; Nesti, Fabrizio (L'Aquila U.) ; Ohm, Christian (Royal Inst. Tech., Sodertalje ; Stockholm U.) ; Pascoli, Silvia (Durham U.) ; Pedro, Kevin (Fermilab) ; Peña, Cristián (Fermilab ; Caltech) ; Pena Rodriguez, Karla Josefina (Hamburg U.) ; Piedra, Jónatan (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Pinfold, James L. (Alberta U.) ; Policicchio, Antonio (INFN, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Popara, Goran (Boskovic Inst., Zagreb) ; Prisciandaro, Jessica (Louvain U.) ; Proffitt, Mason (Washington U., Seattle) ; Rauco, Giorgia (Zurich U.) ; Redi, Federico (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; Reece, Matthew (Harvard U.) ; Reinsvold Hall, Allison (Fermilab) ; Rejeb Sfar, H. (Antwerp U.) ; Renner, Sophie (Mainz U.) ; Roepe, Amber (Oklahoma U.) ; Ronzani, Manfredi (New York U.) ; Salvioni, Ennio (Munich, Tech. U.) ; Santra, Arka (Valencia U.) ; Sawada, Ryu (Tokyo U.) ; Scholtz, Jakub (Durham U.) ; Schuster, Philip (SLAC) ; Schwaller, Pedro (Mainz U.) ; Sebastiani, Cristiano (INFN, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Sekmen, Sezen (Kyungpook Natl. U.) ; Selvaggi, Michele (CERN) ; Si, Weinan (UC, Riverside) ; Soffi, Livia (INFN, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Stolarski, Daniel (Carleton U.) ; Stuart, David (UC, Santa Barbara) ; Stupak, John (Oklahoma U.) ; Sung, Kevin (Northwestern U.) ; Taylor, Wendy (York U., Canada) ; Templ, Sebastian (Unlisted, AT) ; Thomas, Brooks (Lafayette Coll.) ; Torró-Pastor, Emma (Washington U., Seattle) ; Trocino, Daniele (Gent U.) ; Trojanowski, Sebastian (Sheffield U.) ; Trovato, Marco (Argonne) ; Tsai, Yuhsin (Maryland U.) ; Tully, C.G. (Princeton U.) ; Vámi, Tamás Álmos (Wigner RCP, Budapest) ; Vasquez, Juan Carlos (Santa Maria U., Valparaiso) ; Vázquez Sierra, Carlos (Nikhef, Amsterdam) ; Vellidis, K. (Athens U.) ; Vermassen, Basile (Gent U.) ; Vit, Martina (Gent U.) ; Walker, Devin G.E. (Dartmouth Coll.) ; Wang, Xiao-Ping (Argonne) ; Watts, Gordon (Washington U., Seattle) ; Xie, Si (Caltech) ; Yexley, Melissa (Lancaster U.) ; Young, Charles (SLAC) ; Yu, Jiang-Hao (ICTS, Beijing ; Massachusetts U., Amherst) ; Zalewski, Piotr (NCBJ, Warsaw) ; Zhang, Yongchao (Washington U., St. Louis)
Publication	2020-09-08
Imprint	2019-03-11
Number of pages	201
Note	Accepted for publication in the Journal of Physics G Accepted for publication in the Journal of Physics G
In:	J. Phys. G 47 (2020) 090501
DOI	10.1088/1361-6471/ab4574
Subject category	hep-ph ; Particle Physics - Phenomenology ; hep-ex ; Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract	Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments --- as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER --- to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the High-Luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity "dark showers", highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.
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