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Title	Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Author(s)	Aguilar, M (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Ali Cavasonza, L (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Alpat, B (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U.) ; Ambrosi, G (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U.) ; Arruda, L (LIP, Lisbon) ; Attig, N (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Aupetit, S (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Azzarello, P (Geneva U.) ; Bachlechner, A (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Barao, F (LIP, Lisbon) ; Barrau, A (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Barrin, L (CERN) ; Bartoloni, A (INFN, Rome) ; Basara, L (TIFPA-INFN, Trento) ; Başeğmez-du Pree, S (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Middle East Tech. U., Ankara) ; Battarbee, M (Turku U.) ; Battiston, R (TIFPA-INFN, Trento ; Trento U.) ; Becker, U (MIT) ; Behlmann, M (MIT) ; Beischer, B (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Berdugo, J (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Bertucci, B (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U. ; Perugia U.) ; Bindel, K  F (KIT, Karlsruhe, TTP) ; Bindi, V (Hawaii U.) ; de Boer, W (KIT, Karlsruhe, TTP) ; Bollweg, K (NASA, Houston) ; Bonnivard, V (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Borgia, B (INFN, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Boschini, M  J (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Bourquin, M (Geneva U.) ; Bueno, E  F (Sao Paulo U., Sao Carlos) ; Burger, J (MIT) ; Burger, W  J (TIFPA-INFN, Trento) ; Cai, X  D (MIT) ; Capell, M (MIT) ; Caroff, S (Annecy, LAPP) ; Casaus, J (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Castellini, G (INOA, Florence) ; Cervelli, F (INFN, Pisa) ; Chang, Y  H (Taiwan, Natl. Central U.) ; Chen, A  I (MIT) ; Chen, G  M (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Chen, H  S (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Chen, Y (Geneva U.) ; Cheng, L (Shandong U.) ; Chou, H  Y (Taiwan, Natl. Central U.) ; Choumilov, E (MIT) ; Choutko, V (MIT) ; Chung, C  H (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Clark, C (NASA, Houston) ; Clavero, R (Laguna U., Tenerife ; IAC, La Laguna) ; Coignet, G (Annecy, LAPP) ; Consolandi, C (Hawaii U.) ; Contin, A (INFN, Bologna ; U. Bologna (main)) ; Corti, C (Hawaii U.) ; Creus, W (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Crispoltoni, M (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U. ; Perugia U.) ; Cui, Z (Shandong U.) ; Dadzie, K (MIT) ; Dai, Y  M (Inst. Electr. Engin., Beijing) ; Datta, A (Hawaii U.) ; Delgado, C (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Della Torre, S (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Demirköz, M  B (Middle East Tech. U., Ankara) ; Derome, L (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Di Falco, S (INFN, Pisa) ; Dimiccoli, F (TIFPA-INFN, Trento ; CERN) ; Díaz, C (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; von Doetinchem, P (Hawaii U.) ; Dong, F (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Donnini, F (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U.) ; Duranti, M (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U.) ; Egorov, A (MIT) ; Eline, A (MIT) ; Eronen, T (Turku U.) ; Feng, J (MIT) ; Fiandrini, E (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U. ; Perugia U.) ; Fisher, P (MIT) ; Formato, V (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U.) ; Galaktionov, Y (MIT) ; Gallucci, G (INFN, Pisa) ; García-López, R  J (Laguna U., Tenerife ; IAC, La Laguna) ; Gargiulo, C (CERN) ; Gast, H (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Gebauer, I (KIT, Karlsruhe, TTP) ; Gervasi, M (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U. ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Ghelfi, A (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Giovacchini, F (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Gómez-Coral, D  M (Mexico U.) ; Gong, J (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Goy, C (Annecy, LAPP) ; Grabski, V (Mexico U.) ; Grandi, D (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U. ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Graziani, M (KIT, Karlsruhe, TTP) ; Guo, K  H (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Haino, S (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Han, K  C (CSIST, Taiwan) ; He, Z  H (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Heil, M (MIT) ; Hsieh, T  H (MIT) ; Huang, H (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Huang, Z  C (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Incagli, M (INFN, Pisa) ; Jia, Yi (MIT) ; Jinchi, H (CSIST, Taiwan) ; Kanishev, K (TIFPA-INFN, Trento ; CERN) ; Khiali, B (Taiwan, Natl. Central U. ; INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U.) ; Kirn, Th (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Konak, C (Middle East Tech. U., Ankara) ; Kounina, O (MIT) ; Kounine, A (MIT) ; Koutsenko, V (MIT) ; Kulemzin, A (MIT) ; La Vacca, G (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U. ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Laudi, E (CERN) ; Laurenti, G (INFN, Bologna) ; Lazzizzera, I (TIFPA-INFN, Trento ; Trento U.) ; Lebedev, A (MIT) ; Lee, H  T (Taipei, Computing Ctr.) ; Lee, S  C (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Leluc, C (Geneva U.) ; Li, H  S (Taiwan, Natl. Cheng Kung U.) ; Li, J  Q (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Li, Q (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Li, T  X (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Li, Z  H (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Li, Z  Y (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Lin, C  H (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Lipari, P (INFN, Rome) ; Lippert, T (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Liu, D (Taiwan, Natl. Central U.) ; Liu, Hu (MIT) ; Liu, Z (Geneva U.) ; Lordello, V  D (Sao Paulo U., Sao Carlos) ; Lu, S  Q (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Lu, Y  S (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Luebelsmeyer, K (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Luo, F (Shandong U.) ; Luo, J  Z (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Lyu, S  S (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Machate, F (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Mañá, C (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Marín, J (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Martin, T (NASA, Houston) ; Martínez, G (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Masi, N (INFN, Bologna) ; Maurin, D (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Menchaca-Rocha, A (Mexico U.) ; Meng, Q (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Mikuni, V  M (Sao Paulo U., Sao Carlos) ; Mo, D  C (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Mott, P (NASA, Houston) ; Mussolin, L (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U. ; Perugia U.) ; Nelson, T (Hawaii U.) ; Ni, J  Q (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Nikonov, N (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Nozzoli, F (TIFPA-INFN, Trento) ; Oliva, A (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Orcinha, M (LIP, Lisbon) ; Palermo, M (Hawaii U.) ; Palmonari, F (INFN, Bologna ; U. Bologna (main)) ; Palomares, C (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Paniccia, M (Geneva U.) ; Pauluzzi, M (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U. ; Perugia U.) ; Pensotti, S (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U. ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Perrina, C (Geneva U.) ; Phan, H  D (MIT) ; Picot-Clemente, N (Maryland U.) ; Pilo, F (INFN, Pisa) ; Plyaskin, V (MIT) ; Pohl, M (Geneva U.) ; Poireau, V (Annecy, LAPP) ; Quadrani, L (INFN, Bologna ; U. Bologna (main)) ; Qi, X  M (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Qin, X (MIT) ; Qu, Z  Y (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Räihä, T (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Rancoita, P  G (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Rapin, D (Geneva U.) ; Ricol, J  S (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Rosier-Lees, S (Annecy, LAPP) ; Rozhkov, A (MIT) ; Rozza, D (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U. ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Sagdeev, R (Maryland U.) ; Schael, S (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Schmidt, S  M (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Schulz von Dratzig, A (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Schwering, G (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Seo, E  S (Maryland U.) ; Shan, B  S (Beihang U.) ; Shi, J  Y (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Siedenburg, T (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Song, J  W (Shandong U.) ; Tacconi, M (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U. ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Tang, X  W (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Tang, Z  C (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Tescaro, D (Laguna U., Tenerife ; IAC, La Laguna) ; Tian, J (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U. ; Perugia U.) ; Ting, Samuel C C (MIT ; CERN) ; Ting, S  M (MIT) ; Tomassetti, N (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U. ; Perugia U.) ; Torsti, J (Turku U.) ; Urban, T (NASA, Houston) ; Vagelli, V (INFN, Perugia ; Perugia U. ; Perugia U.) ; Valente, E (INFN, Rome ; Rome U.) ; Valtonen, E (Turku U.) ; Vázquez Acosta, M (Laguna U., Tenerife ; IAC, La Laguna) ; Vecchi, M (Sao Paulo U., Sao Carlos ; Groningen, KVI) ; Velasco, M (Madrid, CIEMAT) ; Vialle, J  P (Annecy, LAPP) ; Wang, L  Q (Shandong U.) ; Wang, N  H (Shandong U.) ; Wang, Q  L (Inst. Electr. Engin., Beijing) ; Wang, X (MIT) ; Wang, X  Q (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Wang, Z  X (SYSU, Guangzhou) ; Wei, C  C (Taiwan, Inst. Phys.) ; Wei, J (Geneva U.) ; Weng, Z  L (MIT) ; Whitman, K (Hawaii U.) ; Wu, H (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Xiong, R  Q (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Xu, W (MIT) ; Yan, Q (MIT) ; Yang, M (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Yang, Y (Taiwan, Natl. Cheng Kung U.) ; Yi, H (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Yu, Y  J (Inst. Electr. Engin., Beijing) ; Yu, Z  Q (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Zannoni, M (INFN, Milan Bicocca ; Milan Bicocca U. ; Milan Bicocca U.) ; Zeissler, S (KIT, Karlsruhe, TTP) ; Zhang, C (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Zhang, F (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Zhang, J (MIT) ; Zhang, J  H (Southeast U., Nanjing) ; Zhang, S  W (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys. ; Beijing, GUCAS) ; Zhang, Z (MIT) ; Zheng, Z  M (Beihang U.) ; Zhuang, H  L (Beijing, Inst. High Energy Phys.) ; Zhukov, V (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Zichichi, A (INFN, Bologna ; U. Bologna (main)) ; Zimmermann, N (IAS, Julich ; JCHP, Julich) ; Zuccon, P (MIT ; TIFPA-INFN, Trento ; Trento U.)
Collaboration	AMS
Publication	2018
Number of pages	8
In:	Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 051103
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051103
Subject category	Astrophysics and Astronomy
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	AMS
Abstract	A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on $2.2 \times 10^6$ events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index rapidly hardens at high rigidities and becomes identical to the spectral indices of primary He, C, and O cosmic rays above $\sim 700$  GV. We observed that the nitrogen flux $\Phi_N$ can be presented as the sum of its primary component $\Phi_N^P$ and secondary component $\Phi_N^S$, $\Phi_N = \Phi_N^P + \Phi_N^S$, and we found $\Phi_N$ is well described by the weighted sum of the oxygen flux $\Phi_O$ (primary cosmic rays) and the boron flux $\Phi_B$ (secondary cosmic rays), with $\Phi_N^P = (0.090 \pm 0.002) \times \Phi_O$ and $\Phi_N^S = (0.62 \pm 0.02) \times \Phi_B$ over the entire rigidity range. This corresponds to a change of the contribution of the secondary cosmic ray component in the nitrogen flux from 70% at a few GV to $\lt 30 \%$ above 1 TV.
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