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002655220 005__ 20230314173855.0
002655220 0248_ $$aoai:cds.cern.ch:2655220$$pcerncds:CERN$$pcerncds:CERN:FULLTEXT$$pcerncds:FULLTEXT
002655220 0247_ $$2DOI$$9bibmatch$$a10.1063/1.5091210
002655220 037__ $$9arXiv$$aarXiv:1901.03355$$cphysics.ins-det
002655220 035__ $$9arXiv$$aoai:arXiv.org:1901.03355
002655220 035__ $$9Inspire$$aoai:inspirehep.net:1713429$$d2023-03-06T15:06:23Z$$h2023-03-14T15:04:33Z$$mmarcxml$$ttrue$$uhttps://inspirehep.net/api/oai2d
002655220 035__ $$9Inspire$$a1713429
002655220 041__ $$aeng
002655220 100__ $$aBortfeldt, J.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 245__ $$9arXiv$$aPrecise Charged Particle Timing with the PICOSEC Detector
002655220 269__ $$c2019-01-10
002655220 260__ $$c2019-02-26
002655220 300__ $$a7 p
002655220 500__ $$9arXiv$$a7 pages, 7 figures, 10th Jubilee Conference of the Balkan Physical Union
002655220 520__ $$9AIP$$aThe experimental requirements in near future accelerators (e.g. High Luminosity-LHC) has stimulated intense interest in development of detectors with high precision timing capabilities. With this as a goal, a new detection concept called PICOSEC, which is based to a “two-stage” MicroMegas detector coupled to a Cherenkov radiator equipped with a photocathode has been developed. Results obtained with this new detector yield a time resolution of 24 ps for 150 GeV muons and 76 ps for single photoelectrons. In this paper we will report on the performance of the PICOSEC in test beams, as well as simulation studies and modelling of its timing characteristics.
002655220 520__ $$9arXiv$$aThe experimental requirements in near future accelerators (e.g. High Luminosity-LHC) has stimulated intense interest in development of detectors with high precision timing capabilities. With this as a goal, a new detection concept called PICOSEC, which is based to a "two-stage" MicroMegas detector coupled to a Cherenkov radiator equipped with a photocathode has been developed. Results obtained with this new detector yield a time resolution of 24\,ps for 150\,GeV muons and 76\,ps for single photoelectrons. In this paper we will report on the performance of the PICOSEC in test beams, as well as simulation studies and modelling of its timing characteristics.
002655220 540__ $$3preprint$$aarXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0$$uhttp://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
002655220 65017 $$2arXiv$$aphysics.ins-det
002655220 65017 $$2SzGeCERN$$aDetectors and Experimental Techniques
002655220 690C_ $$aCERN
002655220 690C_ $$aARTICLE
002655220 700__ $$aBrunbauer, F.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aDavid, C.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aDesforge, D.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aFanourakis, G.$$uDemocritos Nucl. Res. Ctr.$$vInstitute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR Demokritos, GR-15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
002655220 700__ $$aFranchi, J.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aGallinaro, M.$$uLIP, Lisbon$$vLaboratório de Instrumentacão e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisbon, Portugal
002655220 700__ $$aGarcía, F.$$uHelsinki Inst. of Phys.$$vHelsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
002655220 700__ $$aGiomataris, I.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aGustavsson, T.$$uLIDYL, Saclay$$vLIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Universit Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aGuyot, C.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aIguaz, F.J.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aKebbiri, M.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aKordas, K.$$uThessaloniki U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
002655220 700__ $$aLegou, P.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aLiu, J.$$uCUST, SKLPDE$$vState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei CN-230026, China
002655220 700__ $$aLupberger, M.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aMaillard, O.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aManthos, I.$$mi.manthos@cern.ch$$uAristotle U., Thessaloniki$$vDepartment of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
002655220 700__ $$aMüller, H.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aNiaouris, V.$$uThessaloniki U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
002655220 700__ $$aOliveri, E.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aPapaevangelou, T.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aParaschou, K.$$uThessaloniki U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
002655220 700__ $$aPomorski, M.$$uLIST, Saclay$$vCEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aQi, B.$$uCUST, SKLPDE$$vState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei CN-230026, China
002655220 700__ $$aResnati, F.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aRopelewski, L.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aSampsonidis, D.$$uThessaloniki U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
002655220 700__ $$aSchneider, T.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aSchwemling, P.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$aSohl, L.$$uIRFU, Saclay$$vIRFU, CEA, Universite Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
002655220 700__ $$avan Stenis, M.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aThuiner, P.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aTsipolitis, Y.$$uNatl. Tech. U., Athens$$vNational Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
002655220 700__ $$aTzamarias, S.E.$$uThessaloniki U.$$vDepartment of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
002655220 700__ $$aVeenhof, R.$$uUludag U.$$uMoscow Phys. Eng. Inst.$$uCERN$$vDepartment of Physics, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey$$vNational Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe Highway 31, Moscow, Russia$$vRD51 collaboration, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aWang, X.$$uCUST, SKLPDE$$vState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei CN-230026, China
002655220 700__ $$aWhite, S.$$uCERN$$vEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
002655220 700__ $$aZhang, Z.$$uCUST, SKLPDE$$vState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei CN-230026, China
002655220 700__ $$aZhou, Y.$$uCUST, SKLPDE$$vState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei CN-230026, China
002655220 773__ $$c080009$$n1$$pAIP Conf. Proc.$$v2075$$wC18-08-26.1$$y2019
002655220 8564_ $$81460390$$s22763$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig25.png$$y00010 Dependence of the mean transmission times with respect to the number of preamplification avalanche electrons (left). Dependence of the spread of the transmission times with respect to the length of the avalanche (center). Spread of the transmission times depending on the number of preamplification avalanche electrons (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460391$$s29578$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig24.png$$y00009 Dependence of the mean transmission times with respect to the number of preamplification avalanche electrons (left). Dependence of the spread of the transmission times with respect to the length of the avalanche (center). Spread of the transmission times depending on the number of preamplification avalanche electrons (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460392$$s34592$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig26.png$$y00007 Dependence of the mean transmission times with respect to the number of preamplification avalanche electrons (left). Dependence of the spread of the transmission times with respect to the length of the avalanche (center). Spread of the transmission times depending on the number of preamplification avalanche electrons (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460393$$s22170$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig23.png$$y00005 Mean SAT as a function of the e-peak charge (left). Time resolution as a function of the e-peak charge (center). In both figures, black points correspond to experimental data while coloured correspond to simulated points with an anode voltage of 450\,V and for drift voltages of (red) 300\,V, (green) 325\,V, (blue) 350\,V, (cyan) 375\,V, (magenta) 400\,V and (yellow) 425\,V. Dependence of the mean transmission times with respect to the length of the avalanche (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460394$$s121490$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig6.png$$y00017 A typical pulse produced by the PICOSEC-MM detector (left). SAT distribution for 150\,GeV muons, and the fit with a two Gaussian function resulting to 24\,ps timing resolution, for anode and drift voltage of 275\,V and 475\,V respectively (center). The dependence of the resolution as a function of the e-peak pulse's charge (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460395$$s139845$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig7.png$$y00016 The pull distribution of the timing resolution dependence on the e-peak charge on an event by event basis (left). Distribution of the e-peak charge collected by the detector response to a single photoelectron. This distribution was parametrized by a Polya function (red), whilst the noise (blue) is parametrized and rejected (central left). SAT distribution for two e-peak charge regions: The first corresponds to low charge values while the second to high charge values. Mean values are different, as larger pulses are coming earlier and with better timing resolution (central right and right plot respectively).
002655220 8564_ $$81460396$$s83964$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig5.png$$y00014 A typical pulse produced by the PICOSEC-MM detector (left). SAT distribution for 150\,GeV muons, and the fit with a two Gaussian function resulting to 24\,ps timing resolution, for anode and drift voltage of 275\,V and 475\,V respectively (center). The dependence of the resolution as a function of the e-peak pulse's charge (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460397$$s78028$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig2.png$$y00013 The layout of the PICOSEC MicroMegas detector \citep{pico24} (left). Sketch of the experimental setup in the 150\,GeV muon test beam (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460398$$s13593$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig3.png$$y00012 A typical pulse produced by the PICOSEC-MM detector (left). SAT distribution for 150\,GeV muons, and the fit with a two Gaussian function resulting to 24\,ps timing resolution, for anode and drift voltage of 275\,V and 475\,V respectively (center). The dependence of the resolution as a function of the e-peak pulse's charge (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460399$$s126257$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig1.png$$y00011 The layout of the PICOSEC MicroMegas detector \citep{pico24} (left). Sketch of the experimental setup in the 150\,GeV muon test beam (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460400$$s88593$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig8.png$$y00019 The pull distribution of the timing resolution dependence on the e-peak charge on an event by event basis (left). Distribution of the e-peak charge collected by the detector response to a single photoelectron. This distribution was parametrized by a Polya function (red), whilst the noise (blue) is parametrized and rejected (central left). SAT distribution for two e-peak charge regions: The first corresponds to low charge values while the second to high charge values. Mean values are different, as larger pulses are coming earlier and with better timing resolution (central right and right plot respectively).
002655220 8564_ $$81460401$$s173348$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig9.png$$y00018 The pull distribution of the timing resolution dependence on the e-peak charge on an event by event basis (left). Distribution of the e-peak charge collected by the detector response to a single photoelectron. This distribution was parametrized by a Polya function (red), whilst the noise (blue) is parametrized and rejected (central left). SAT distribution for two e-peak charge regions: The first corresponds to low charge values while the second to high charge values. Mean values are different, as larger pulses are coming earlier and with better timing resolution (central right and right plot respectively).
002655220 8564_ $$81460402$$s1452751$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/1901.03355.pdf$$yFulltext
002655220 8564_ $$81460403$$s99879$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig18.png$$y00020 Mean SAT as a function of the e-peak charge (left). Time resolution as a function of the e-peak charge (center). In both figures, black points correspond to experimental data while coloured correspond to simulated points with an anode voltage of 450\,V and for drift voltages of (red) 300\,V, (green) 325\,V, (blue) 350\,V, (cyan) 375\,V, (magenta) 400\,V and (yellow) 425\,V. Dependence of the mean transmission times with respect to the length of the avalanche (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460404$$s111993$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig12b.png$$y00002 The Mean SAT correction versus e-peak charge and time resolution versus e-peak charge with COMPASS gas mixture. Red corresponds to anode voltage 450\,V, green to 475\,V, blue to 650\,V and magenta to 525\,V (left and central left). The experimental average waveform (black points) for events with e-peak charge above 15\,pC. This region was chosen to prevent the SAT dependence affect the result. The fit result is shown in the red line of the plot. The dashed line corresponds to the right limit of the fit region (central right). Distribution of the simulated e-peak charge (blue), scaled with a factor G, such that the distribution matches the experimental one (red). Anode voltage is 450\,V and drift voltage is 400\,V. Scaling factor for this case is G = 27:8 (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460405$$s106774$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig12a.png$$y00004 The Mean SAT correction versus e-peak charge and time resolution versus e-peak charge with COMPASS gas mixture. Red corresponds to anode voltage 450\,V, green to 475\,V, blue to 650\,V and magenta to 525\,V (left and central left). The experimental average waveform (black points) for events with e-peak charge above 15\,pC. This region was chosen to prevent the SAT dependence affect the result. The fit result is shown in the red line of the plot. The dashed line corresponds to the right limit of the fit region (central right). Distribution of the simulated e-peak charge (blue), scaled with a factor G, such that the distribution matches the experimental one (red). Anode voltage is 450\,V and drift voltage is 400\,V. Scaling factor for this case is G = 27:8 (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460406$$s13685$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig14.png$$y00006 The Mean SAT correction versus e-peak charge and time resolution versus e-peak charge with COMPASS gas mixture. Red corresponds to anode voltage 450\,V, green to 475\,V, blue to 650\,V and magenta to 525\,V (left and central left). The experimental average waveform (black points) for events with e-peak charge above 15\,pC. This region was chosen to prevent the SAT dependence affect the result. The fit result is shown in the red line of the plot. The dashed line corresponds to the right limit of the fit region (central right). Distribution of the simulated e-peak charge (blue), scaled with a factor G, such that the distribution matches the experimental one (red). Anode voltage is 450\,V and drift voltage is 400\,V. Scaling factor for this case is G = 27:8 (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460407$$s71116$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig16.png$$y00015 The Mean SAT correction versus e-peak charge and time resolution versus e-peak charge with COMPASS gas mixture. Red corresponds to anode voltage 450\,V, green to 475\,V, blue to 650\,V and magenta to 525\,V (left and central left). The experimental average waveform (black points) for events with e-peak charge above 15\,pC. This region was chosen to prevent the SAT dependence affect the result. The fit result is shown in the red line of the plot. The dashed line corresponds to the right limit of the fit region (central right). Distribution of the simulated e-peak charge (blue), scaled with a factor G, such that the distribution matches the experimental one (red). Anode voltage is 450\,V and drift voltage is 400\,V. Scaling factor for this case is G = 27:8 (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460408$$s156274$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig17.png$$y00000 Mean SAT as a function of the e-peak charge (left). Time resolution as a function of the e-peak charge (center). In both figures, black points correspond to experimental data while coloured correspond to simulated points with an anode voltage of 450\,V and for drift voltages of (red) 300\,V, (green) 325\,V, (blue) 350\,V, (cyan) 375\,V, (magenta) 400\,V and (yellow) 425\,V. Dependence of the mean transmission times with respect to the length of the avalanche (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460409$$s93506$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig10.png$$y00003 SAT as a function of the e-peak size for several drift voltages and anode at 600\,V (left). Average of pulses corresponding to different charge regions normalized to the unit. The shape does not change but higher pulses arrive earlier (center). The timing resolution dependence on the e-peak size, for constant anode field 600\,V and different drift voltages as mentioned in the plot (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460410$$s563738$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig11.png$$y00008 SAT as a function of the e-peak size for several drift voltages and anode at 600\,V (left). Average of pulses corresponding to different charge regions normalized to the unit. The shape does not change but higher pulses arrive earlier (center). The timing resolution dependence on the e-peak size, for constant anode field 600\,V and different drift voltages as mentioned in the plot (right).
002655220 8564_ $$81460411$$s460891$$uhttp://cds.cern.ch/record/2655220/files/fig13.png$$y00001 SAT as a function of the e-peak size for several drift voltages and anode at 600\,V (left). Average of pulses corresponding to different charge regions normalized to the unit. The shape does not change but higher pulses arrive earlier (center). The timing resolution dependence on the e-peak size, for constant anode field 600\,V and different drift voltages as mentioned in the plot (right).
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002655220 962__ $$b2655006$$k080009$$nsofia20180826
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