Experimental observation of plasma wakefield growth driven by the seeded self-modulation of a proton bunch

Article
Report number	arXiv:1809.01191
Title	Experimental observation of plasma wakefield growth driven by the seeded self-modulation of a proton bunch
Author(s)	Turner, M. (CERN) ; Adli, E. (Oslo U.) ; Ahuja, A. (CERN) ; Apsimon, O. (U. Manchester (main) ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Apsimon, R. (Lancaster U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Bachmann, A.-M (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Barros Marin, M. (CERN) ; Barrientos, D. (CERN) ; Batsch, F. (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Batkiewicz, J. (CERN) ; Bauche, J. (CERN) ; Berglyd Olsen, V.K. (U. Oslo (main)) ; Bernardini, M. (CERN) ; Biskup, B. (CERN) ; Boccardi, A. (CERN) ; Bogey, T. (CERN) ; Bohl, T. (CERN) ; Bracco, C. (CERN) ; Braunmüller, F. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Burger, S. (CERN) ; Burt, G. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Bustamante, S. (CERN) ; Buttenschön, B. (Greifswald, Max Planck Inst.) ; Caldwell, A. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Cascella, M. (University Coll. London) ; Chappell, J. (University Coll. London) ; Chevallay, E. (CERN) ; Chung, M. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Cooke, D. (University Coll. London) ; Damerau, H. (CERN) ; Deacon, L. (University Coll. London) ; Deubner, L.H. (Philipps U. Marburg) ; Dexter, A. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Doebert, S. (CERN) ; Farmer, J. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Fedosseev, V.N. (CERN) ; Fior, G. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Fiorito, R. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; U. Liverpool (main)) ; Fonseca, R.A. (ISCTE, Lisbon) ; Friebel, F. (CERN) ; Garolfi, L. (CERN) ; Gessner, S. (CERN) ; Gorgisyan, I. (CERN) ; Gorn, A.A. (Novosibirsk State U. ; Novosibirsk, IYF) ; Granados, E. (CERN) ; Grulke, O. (Greifswald, Max Planck Inst. ; Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Gschwendtner, E. (CERN) ; Guerrero, A. (CERN) ; Hansen, J. (CERN) ; Helm, A. (IST/ITN, Lisbon) ; Henderson, J.R. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Hessler, C. (CERN) ; Hofle, W. (CERN) ; Hüther, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Ibison, M. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; U. Liverpool (main)) ; Jensen, L. (CERN) ; Jolly, S. (University Coll. London) ; Keeble, F. (University Coll. London) ; Kim, S.Y. (UNIST, Ulsan) ; Kraus, F. (Philipps U. Marburg) ; Lefevre, T. (CERN) ; Legodec, G. (CERN) ; Li, Y. (Manchester U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Liu, S. (TRIUMF) ; Lopes, N. (IST, Lisbon (main)) ; Lotov, K.V. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Maricalva Brun, L. (CERN) ; Martyanov, M. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Mazzoni, S. (CERN) ; Medina Godoy, D. (CERN) ; Minakov, V.A. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Mitchell, J. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Molendijk, J.C. (CERN) ; Mompo, R. (CERN) ; Moody, J.T. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Moreira, M. (CERN ; IST, Lisbon (main)) ; Muggli, P. (CERN ; Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Öz, E. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Ozturk, E. (CERN) ; Mutin, C. (CERN) ; Pasquino, C. (CERN) ; Pardons, A. (CERN) ; Peña Asmus, F. (Munich, Max Planck Inst. ; Munich, Tech. U.) ; Pepitone, K. (CERN) ; Perera, A. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Liverpool U.) ; Petrenko, A. (CERN ; Novosibirsk, IYF) ; Pitman, S. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; Lancaster U.) ; Plyushchev, G. (CERN ; CRPP, Lausanne) ; Pukhov, A. (Heinrich Heine U., Dusseldorf) ; Rey, S. (CERN) ; Rieger, K. (Munich, Max Planck Inst.) ; Ruhl, H. (LMU Munich (main)) ; Schmidt, J.S. (CERN) ; Shalimova, I.A. (Novosibirsk State U. ; Inst. Comp. Math Geophys.) ; Shaposhnikova, E. (CERN) ; Sherwood, P. (University Coll. London) ; Silva, L.O. (IST, Lisbon (main)) ; Soby, L. (CERN) ; Sosedkin, A.P. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Speroni, R. (CERN) ; Spitsyn, R.I. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Tuev, P.V. (Novosibirsk, IYF ; Novosibirsk State U.) ; Velotti, F. (CERN) ; Verra, L. (CERN ; U. Milan (main)) ; Verzilov, V.A. (TRIUMF) ; Vieira, J. (IST, Lisbon (main)) ; Vincke, H. (CERN) ; Welsch, C.P. (Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. ; U. Liverpool (main)) ; Williamson, B. (Manchester U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.) ; Wing, M. (University Coll. London) ; Woolley, B. (CERN) ; Xia, G. (Manchester U. ; Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.)
Publication	2019-02-09
Imprint	2018-09-04
Number of pages	7
In:	Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 054801
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.054801
Subject category	physics.acc-ph ; Accelerators and Storage Rings
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment	CERN SPS ; AWAKE
Abstract	We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of $2.1\times10^{14}$ and $7.7\times10^{14}$ electrons/cm$^3$. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value ($<$15 MV/m) and reach over 300 MV/m. All these results confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, a necessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy levels.
Copyright/License	preprint: (License: arXiv nonexclusive-distrib 1.0) publication: © 2019 The Authors (License: CC-BY-4.0)

$Streak camera image showing the transverse distribution of the self-modulated proton bunch as a function of time. The image is obtained by summing ten individual measurements. The image intensity scale is set to saturate the signal of the microbunches so that the defocused protons are more visible. The bunch moves down along the time axis. The time scale is set to show only \unit[34]{ps} of the \unit[$\sim$73]{ps} image. The white line indicate the observed increase of maximum defocusing of the protons along the bunch.$ $Time-integrated proton bunch charge distributions after the bunch propagated in rubidium vapor with a density of \unit[$7.7\times10^{14}$]{atoms/cm$^3$} (a,c) and plasma with a density of \unit[$7.7\times10^{14}$]{electrons/cm$^{3}$} (b,d). Panels a) and b) show core camera and panels c) and d) halo camera measurements. In panels c) and d), the center of the proton bunch is blocked by a mask. Note the logarithmic scales. e) Combined projections of the images of Fig. \ref{fig:plasmaonoff}a-d). The blue lines show the measurement without plasma and the red lines with plasma. Green vertical bars show the maximum radius of the proton distribution, defocused by the plasma.$ $Transverse wakefield amplitude as a function of proton bunch population for two plasma electron densities \unit[$2.1\times10^{14}$]{electrons/cm$^3$} (left) and \unit[$7.7\times10^{14}$]{electrons/cm$^3$} (right). The red lines show the seed wakefield amplitude. The black dots show the lowest limit of the transverse wakefield amplitude $W_{\perp,av,min}$ assuming that the maximum defocused protons exit the wakefields after \unit[L=10]{m}. The blue diamonds show the best estimate from simulations $W_{\perp,av}$ obtained with \unit[L=1.5]{m} and assuming that the protons exit at \unit[4]{m}.$ Show more plots

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Record created 2018-09-14, last modified 2022-08-10

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