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CERN Accelerating science

Article
Report number arXiv:1507.02704
Title Planck 2015 results. XI. CMB power spectra, likelihoods, and robustness of parameters
Author(s)

Aghanim, N. (Orsay) ; Arnaud, M. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Ashdown, M. (Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U.) ; Aumont, J. (Orsay) ; Baccigalupi, C. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Banday, A.J. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Barreiro, R.B. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Bartlett, J.G. (APC, Paris ; Caltech) ; Bartolo, N. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Battaner, E. (Granada U.) ; Benabed, K. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Benoit, A. (Neel Lab, Grenoble) ; Benoit-Levy, A. (University Coll. London ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Bernard, J.P. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Bersanelli, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Bielewicz, P. (Warsaw, Copernicus Astron. Ctr. ; IRAP, Toulouse ; SISSA, Trieste) ; Bock, J.J. (Caltech) ; Bonaldi, A. (Manchester U.) ; Bonavera, L. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Bond, J.R. (Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Borrill, J. (LBL, Berkeley ; UC, Berkeley) ; Bouchet, F.R. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Boulanger, F. (Orsay) ; Bucher, M. (APC, Paris) ; Burigana, C. (Bologna Observ. ; Ferrara U. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Butler, R.C. (Bologna Observ.) ; Calabrese, E. (Oxford U.) ; Cardoso, J.F. (LTCI, Paris ; APC, Paris ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Catalano, A. (LPSC, Grenoble ; LERMA, Ivry) ; Challinor, A. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U., DAMTP) ; Chiang, H.C. (Princeton U. ; KwaZulu Natal U.) ; Christensen, P.R. (Bohr Inst.) ; Clements, D.L. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Colombo, L.P.L. (UCLA ; Caltech) ; Combet, C. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Coulais, A. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Crill, B.P. (Caltech) ; Curto, A. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys. ; Cambridge U. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Cuttaia, F. (Bologna Observ.) ; Danese, L. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Davies, R.D. (Manchester U.) ; Davis, R.J. (Manchester U.) ; de Bernardis, P. (Rome U.) ; de Rosa, A. (Bologna Observ.) ; de Zotti, G. (Padua Observ. ; SISSA, Trieste) ; Delabrouille, J. (APC, Paris) ; Desert, F.X. (Grenoble Observ.) ; Di Valentino, E. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Dickinson, C. (Manchester U.) ; Diego, J.M. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Dolag, K. (Munich U. ; Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Dole, H. (Orsay ; IUF, Paris) ; Donzelli, S. (Brera Observ.) ; Dore, O. (Caltech) ; Douspis, M. (Orsay) ; Ducout, A. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Imperial Coll., London) ; Dunkley, J. (Oxford U.) ; Dupac, X. (ESA, Madrid) ; Efstathiou, G. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.) ; Elsner, F. (University Coll. London ; Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Ensslin, T.A. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Eriksen, H.K. (Oslo U.) ; Fergusson, J. (Cambridge U., DAMTP) ; Finelli, F. (Bologna Observ. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Forni, O. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Frailis, M. (Trieste Observ.) ; Fraisse, A.A. (Princeton U.) ; Franceschi, E. (Bologna Observ.) ; Frejsel, A. (Bohr Inst.) ; Galeotta, S. (Trieste Observ.) ; Galli, S. (Chicago U., KICP) ; Ganga, K. (APC, Paris) ; Gauthier, C. (APC, Paris ; Taiwan, Natl. Taiwan U.) ; Gerbino, M. (Rome U.) ; Giard, M. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Gjerlow, E. (Oslo U.) ; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. (Oviedo U. ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Gorski, K.M. (Caltech ; Warsaw U.) ; Gratton, S. (Cambridge U., KICC ; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.) ; Gregorio, A. (Trieste U. ; Trieste Observ. ; INFN, Trieste) ; Gruppuso, A. (Bologna Observ.) ; Gudmundsson, J.E. (Princeton U.) ; Hamann, J. (CERN ; Sydney U.) ; Hansen, F.K. (Oslo U.) ; Harrison, D.L. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Helou, G. (Caltech) ; Henrot-Versille, S. (Orsay) ; Hernandez-Monteagudo, C. (CEFCA, Teruel ; Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Herranz, D. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Hildebrandt, S.R. (Caltech) ; Hivon, E. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Holmes, W.A. (Caltech) ; Hornstrup, A. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Huffenberger, K.M. (Florida State U.) ; Hurier, G. (Orsay) ; Jaffe, A.H. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Jones, W.C. (Princeton U.) ; Juvela, M. (Helsinki U.) ; Keihanen, E. (Helsinki U.) ; Keskitalo, R. (LBL, Berkeley) ; Kiiveri, K. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Knoche, J. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Knox, L. (UC, Davis) ; Kunz, M. (Geneva U. ; Orsay ; African Inst. Math. Sci., Cape Town) ; Kurki-Suonio, H. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Lagache, G. (Marseille, Lab. Astrophys. ; Orsay) ; Lahteenmaki, A. (Aalto U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Lamarre, J.M. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Lasenby, A. (Cambridge U. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Lattanzi, M. (Ferrara U.) ; Lawrence, C.R. (Caltech) ; Le Jeune, M. (APC, Paris) ; Leonardi, R. (ESA, Madrid) ; Lesgourgues, J. (Aachen, Tech. Hochsch. ; CERN) ; Levrier, F. (LERMA, Ivry) ; Lewis, A. (Sussex U.) ; Liguori, M. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua) ; Lilje, P.B. (Oslo U.) ; Lilley, M. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Linden-Vornle, M. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Lindholm, V. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Lopez-Caniego, M. (ESA, Madrid ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Macias-Perez, J.F. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Maffei, B. (Manchester U.) ; Maggio, G. (Trieste Observ.) ; Maino, D. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Mandolesi, N. (Bologna Observ. ; Ferrara U.) ; Mangilli, A. (Orsay) ; Maris, M. (Trieste Observ.) ; Martin, P.G. (Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Martinez-Gonzalez, E. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Masi, S. (Rome U.) ; Matarrese, S. (Padua U. ; INFN, Padua ; Gran Sasso) ; Meinhold, P.R. (UC, Santa Barbara) ; Melchiorri, A. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Migliaccio, M. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Millea, M. (UC, Davis) ; Miville-Deschenes, M.A. (Orsay ; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.) ; Moneti, A. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Montier, L. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Morgante, G. (Bologna Observ.) ; Mortlock, D. (Imperial Coll., London) ; Munshi, D. (Cardiff U.) ; Murphy, J.A. (NUIM, Maynooth) ; Narimani, A. (British Columbia U.) ; Naselsky, P. (Bohr Inst.) ; Nati, F. (Princeton U.) ; Natoli, P. (Ferrara U. ; INFN, Rome2 ; Bologna Observ.) ; Noviello, F. (Manchester U.) ; Novikov, D. (Lebedev Inst.) ; Novikov, I. (Bohr Inst. ; Lebedev Inst.) ; Oxborrow, C.A. (Denmark, Tech. U.) ; Paci, F. (SISSA, Trieste) ; Pagano, L. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Pajot, F. (Orsay) ; Paoletti, D. (Bologna Observ. ; INFN, Bologna) ; Partridge, B. (Haverford Coll.) ; Pasian, F. (Trieste Observ.) ; Patanchon, G. (APC, Paris) ; Pearson, T.J. (Caltech) ; Perdereau, O. (Orsay) ; Perotto, L. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Pettorino, V. (Heidelberg U.) ; Piacentini, F. (Rome U.) ; Piat, M. (APC, Paris) ; Pierpaoli, E. (UCLA) ; Pietrobon, D. (Caltech) ; Plaszczynski, S. (Orsay) ; Pointecouteau, E. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Polenta, G. (INFN, Rome2 ; Rome Observ.) ; Ponthieu, N. (Orsay ; Grenoble Observ.) ; Pratt, G.W. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Prunet, S. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII) ; Puget, J.L. (Orsay) ; Rachen, J.P. (Nijmegen U. ; Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Reinecke, M. (Garching, Max Planck Inst.) ; Remazeilles, M. (Manchester U. ; Orsay ; APC, Paris) ; Renault, C. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Renzi, A. (Rome U. ; INFN, Rome) ; Ristorcelli, I. (Toulouse III U. ; IRAP, Toulouse) ; Rocha, G. (Caltech) ; Rossetti, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Roudier, G. (APC, Paris ; LERMA, Ivry ; Caltech) ; d'Orfeuil, B.Rouille (Orsay) ; Rubino-Martin, J.A. (IAC, La Laguna ; Laguna U., Tenerife) ; Rusholme, B. (Caltech) ; Salvati, L. (Rome U.) ; Sandri, M. (Bologna Observ.) ; Santos, D. (LPSC, Grenoble) ; Savelainen, M. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Savini, G. (University Coll. London) ; Scott, D. (British Columbia U.) ; Serra, P. (Orsay) ; Spencer, L.D. (Cardiff U.) ; Spinelli, M. (Orsay) ; Stolyarov, V. (Cambridge U. ; Stavropol, Astrophys. Observ. ; Kazan State U.) ; Stompor, R. (APC, Paris) ; Sunyaev, R. (Garching, Max Planck Inst. ; Moscow, Space Res. Inst.) ; Sutton, D. (Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron. ; Cambridge U., KICC) ; Suur-Uski, A.S. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Sygnet, J.F. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys.) ; Tauber, J.A. (ESTEC, Noordwijk) ; Terenzi, L. (Facolta di Ingegneria, Rome ; Bologna Observ.) ; Toffolatti, L. (Oviedo U. ; Cantabria Inst. of Phys. ; Bologna Observ.) ; Tomasi, M. (Milan U. ; Brera Observ.) ; Tristram, M. (Orsay) ; Trombetti, T. (Bologna Observ.) ; Tucci, M. (Geneva U.) ; Tuovinen, J. (Trinity Coll., Dublin) ; Umana, G. (Catania Astrophys. Observ.) ; Valenziano, L. (Bologna Observ.) ; Valiviita, J. (Helsinki U. ; Helsinki Inst. of Phys.) ; Van Tent, B. (Orsay) ; Vielva, P. (Cantabria Inst. of Phys.) ; Villa, F. (Bologna Observ.) ; Wade, L.A. (Caltech) ; Wandelt, B.D. (Paris, Inst. Astrophys. ; Paris U., VI-VII ; Illinois U., Urbana) ; Wehus, I.K. (Caltech) ; Yvon, D. (DAPNIA, Saclay) ; Zacchei, A. (Trieste Observ.) ; Zonca, A. (UC, Santa Barbara)

Publication 2016-09-20
Imprint 09 Jul 2015
Number of pages 99
Note This paper is associated with the 2015 Planck release (see http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck/publications). Likelihood code & data available at http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck/pla. Version accepted by A&A.; Substancially extended (104 pages) with analysis of end-to-simulations of systematics further confirming the results. Abstract abridged
In: Astron. Astrophys. 594 (2016) A11
DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526926
Subject category Astrophysics and Astronomy
Abstract This paper presents the Planck 2015 likelihoods, statistical descriptions of the 2-point correlation functions of CMB temperature and polarization. They use the hybrid approach employed previously: pixel-based at low multipoles, $\ell$, and a Gaussian approximation to the distribution of cross-power spectra at higher $\ell$. The main improvements are the use of more and better processed data and of Planck polarization data, and more detailed foreground and instrumental models. More than doubling the data allows further checks and enhanced immunity to systematics. Progress in foreground modelling enables a larger sky fraction, contributing to enhanced precision. Improvements in processing and instrumental models further reduce uncertainties. Extensive tests establish robustness and accuracy, from temperature, from polarization, and from their combination, and show that the {\Lambda}CDM model continues to offer a very good fit. We further validate the likelihood against specific extensions to this baseline, such as the effective number of neutrino species. For this first detailed analysis of Planck polarization, we concentrate at high $\ell$ on E modes. At low $\ell$ we use temperature at all Planck frequencies along with a subset of polarization. These data take advantage of Planck's wide frequency range to improve the separation of CMB and foregrounds. Within the baseline cosmology this requires a reionization optical depth $\tau=0.078\pm0.019$, significantly lower than without high-frequency data for explicit dust monitoring. At high $\ell$ we detect residual errors in E, typically at the {\mu}K$^2$ level; we thus recommend temperature alone as the high-$\ell$ baseline. Nevertheless, Planck high-$\ell$ polarization spectra are already good enough to allow a separate high-accuracy determination of the {\Lambda}CDM parameters, consistent with those established from temperature alone.
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