British Imperialism in India

SIT DOWN ANDGET OUTYOUR NOTES!!!!

Then get ready to take notes.

Ch. 11, Section 4

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The British Empire

British EastIndiaCompany

•controlled trade between India & Britain

–Limited to coastal cities while Mughal Empire strong

•Mid-1700s, Mughal empire broke apart & BEI Co. took over

–Segregated neighborhoods; exclusive clubs

–Westernized Indians

–Prejudiced, thought Indians incapable of governing selves

British East India Company

•1800’s: company operated in India with no regulation byBritish government

•company had its own army

•Company army led by

British army officers

Jewel in the Crown

•IR turned Britian into the world workshop

•India had 300 million people & lots of resources

•Britain restricted India from competing

–Closed factories

–Mid-1800s, India primarily exported raw materials,not manufactured goods

•During Raj, British built railroads, roads, canals inIndia

–India had 4th largest railroad network in world

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“Jewel in the Crown”“Jewel in the Crown”

Britain set up a railroad network to take raw materials frominside India to its portsBritain set up a railroad network to take raw materials frominside India to its ports

Raw Materials Taken from IndiaRaw Materials Taken from India

 Tea Tea

Indigo (dye for clothing)Indigo (dye for clothing)

Raw Materials Taken from IndiaRaw Materials Taken from India

CoffeeCoffee

CottonCotton

Raw Materials Taken from IndiaRaw Materials Taken from India

Jute (fiber for making rope)

Opium (plant that heroin ismade from)Opium (plant that heroin ismade from)

Positives for IndiaPositives for India

Great Britain laid theworld’s 4th largest railroadnetwork in IndiaGreat Britain laid theworld’s 4th largest railroadnetwork in India

Railroads brought unity todisconnected regions inIndiaRailroads brought unity todisconnected regions inIndia

Modern roadModern road

networknetwork

■ Telephone and telegraph lines■ Telephone and telegraph lines

Dams, bridges, canalsDams, bridges, canals

Sanitation and public healthimprovedSanitation and public healthimproved

Schools/Schools/

colleges foundedcolleges founded

Truces betweenTruces between

local warring rulerslocal warring rulers

in Indiain India

Negatives for IndiaNegatives for India

British held all political andeconomic powerBritish held all political andeconomic power

British restricted Indian-owned industriesBritish restricted Indian-owned industries

Cash crops made it impossiblefor small farmers to produceenough food for themselvesCash crops made it impossiblefor small farmers to produceenough food for themselves

Racist attitudes of most Britishofficials and missionariesthreatened Indian traditional lifeRacist attitudes of most Britishofficials and missionariesthreatened Indian traditional life

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Indians RebelIndians Rebel

By 1850 most Indians resentedthat Great Britain owned theircountryBy 1850 most Indians resentedthat Great Britain owned theircountry

Indians were angry at attemptsto forcefully convert them toChristianityIndians were angry at attemptsto forcefully convert them toChristianity

Indians were angry Britaincontrolled all useful land intheir countryIndians were angry Britaincontrolled all useful land intheir country

■ Indians were angry at the constantracism expressed towards them bythe British■ Indians were angry at the constantracism expressed towards them bythe British

Sepoys

•Indians who joined British armies in India

–Resented by other Indians

Sepoy MutinySepoy Mutiny

1857 gossip spread amongst Sepoys (Indian soldiers forthe British)1857 gossip spread amongst Sepoys (Indian soldiers forthe British)

the seals of their ammunition had to be bitten offthe seals of their ammunition had to be bitten off

 they believed the British dipped the seals of their they believed the British dipped the seals of their

ammunition in beef and porkammunition in beef and pork

(Hindus can not eat beef/ Muslims can not eat pork)(Hindus can not eat beef/ Muslims can not eat pork)

SepoyRebellion

•In 1850: 300,000 men inarmy.

–Only 50,000 were British

•100,000 British menruling over 200 millionIndians

•by 1850 economicproblems increasedfeelings of resentmentand nationalism

•Sepoy Mutiny breaks outon May 10, 1857

The sepoy army was “a delicateand dangerous machine, whicha little mismanagement mayeasily turn against us.”

- Governor of Bombay

Picture of Sepoy rebellion

Turning PointTurning Point

1858 British government took direct control over India(because of the Mutiny)1858 British government took direct control over India(because of the Mutiny)

Raj (time period whenRaj (time period when

India was under GreatIndia was under Great

Britain’s control:Britain’s control:

1757-1947)1757-1947)

Results of Sepoy Rebellion

•British ruled India for 2centuries.

•Changes many aspects ofIndian life.

–British provided a single systemof law & gov’t, unifying India.

–introduced English as aunifying language.

•Nationalism surfaces

–Indian National Congress &Muslim League founded towork for reforms, self-government

New Crowns for Old Ones.jpg 000CFED4Horsey BD1039CB:

RajRaj

India was divided into 11 Provinces and 250 districtsIndia was divided into 11 Provinces and 250 districts

sometimes a handful of sometimes a handful of

officials would be the only officials would be the only

British amongst millions of British amongst millions of

Indians in a district Indians in a district

Mutiny increased distrust between British and Indians: it fueled moreBritish racism towards IndiansMutiny increased distrust between British and Indians: it fueled moreBritish racism towards Indians

Indian National Congress 1885Indian National Congress 1885

Made up of Hindus; called forself-governmentMade up of Hindus; called forself-government

upset that Britain segregatedBengal (Indian city) into Muslimsection and Hindu section in 1905upset that Britain segregatedBengal (Indian city) into Muslimsection and Hindu section in 1905

INC led acts of violenceagainst British in BengalINC led acts of violenceagainst British in Bengal

1911 Britain changed the orderof segregation1911 Britain changed the orderof segregation

Muslim League 1906Muslim League 1906

Made up of MuslimsMade up of Muslims

also called for self-governmentalso called for self-government

also upset about segregation ofBengal in1905also upset about segregation ofBengal in1905

also participated in acts ofviolence against British in Indiaalso participated in acts ofviolence against British in India

Indians Did Not Fully Unite During SepoyMutinyIndians Did Not Fully Unite During SepoyMutiny

serious splits between Hindus andMuslimsserious splits between Hindus andMuslims

unclear inconsistent leadershipunclear inconsistent leadership

Many Indian princes did not takepart in the rebellion (madealliances withMany Indian princes did not takepart in the rebellion (madealliances with

British)British)

Sikhs (Indian religious group)remained loyal to the BritishSikhs (Indian religious group)remained loyal to the British

“I hope they understandthem better than we didback then”

Questions for Reflection:

•Why did the British conquer and colonizeIndia?

•Who were sepoys and why did they rebelagainst the British?

•How did the Sepoy Rebellion change thepolitical situation in India?

•What were the effects of British Imperialismon India?